À la recherche du plaisir : le cas du cannabis vu à travers les témoignages du Comité Nolin

La recherche de plaisirs comme motif des consommations de cannabis s’exprime largement dans les discours profanes des usagers. Nous pourrions dès lors nous attendre à ce que cette quête de plaisirs constitue un argument dans le débat sur le statut juridique du cannabis. Cette recherche examine la place et le sens que prennent les plaisirs dans les témoignages tenus devant le Comité spécial du Sénat sur les drogues illicites (Comité Nolin) qui avait pour mandat de réexaminer la politique canadienne en matière de cannabis. Alors que la recherche de plaisirs constitue l’une des pierres angulaires de la constitution du sujet libéral, celle-ci n’apparaît que peu dans les témoignages. Lorsqu’ils sont évoqués, les plaisirs s’expriment dans trois « lieux » : les plaisirs sont dans les motifs, dans la substance ou dans les contextes. Ces plaisirs sont systématiquement pensés en lien avec la consommation de cannabis et non abordés dans une perspective plus large de rapport aux plaisirs. Nous pensons que cette difficulté de parler des plaisirs provient d’une part de la difficulté à saisir cette notion et, d’autre part, du caractère illégitime de la recherche de plaisirs à travers la consommation de cannabis.The search for pleasures as a motive for cannabis use is widely expressed in users’ discourse. We could then foresee that this search would become an argument in the debate about the legal status of cannabis. This study aims to investigate the place and the meaning of pleasures in the testimonials heard before the Senate Special Committee on illegal drugs (Nolin’s Committee), whose mandate was to re-examine Canadian policy concerning cannabis. Although this search for pleasures constitutes one of the building blocks of the liberal subject, it doesn’t come up much in the hearings. When mentioned, pleasures are evoked at three distinct levels: in the motives, in the substance and in the contexts. These pleasures are systematically put in relation with the use of cannabis and are not thought of in a larger perspective of a relationship to pleasure. It is our contention that the uneasiness of speaking about pleasures is due in part to the difficulty to capture the notion of pleasure as well as the illegitimate side of searching for pleasure through cannabis use.La búsqueda del placer como motivo para el consumo del cannabis aparece muy a menudo en los discursos profanos de los consumidores. Podríamos entonces tener la expectativa de que esta búsqueda de placer constituya un argumento en el debate del estatuto jurídico del cannabis. Esta investigación examina el lugar y el sentido que tiene el placer en los testimonios presentados ante el Comité Especial del Senado sobre Drogas Ilícitas (Comité Nolin), que tenía el mandato de reexaminar la política canadiense en materia de cannabis. Si bien la búsqueda del placer constituye una de las piedras angulares de la constitución del tema liberal, la misma aparece poco en los testimonios. Cuando se evoca el placer, éste se expresa en tres “lugares”: el placer está en los motivos, en la sustancia o en los contextos. Este placer está sistemáticamente concebido en relación con el consumo del cannabis y no está tratado en una perspectiva más amplia de relación con el placer. Pensamos que esta dificultad de hablar de placer proviene en parte de la dificultad de comprender esta noción y, por otra parte, del carácter ilegítimo de la búsqueda de placer mediante el consumo de cannabis

Les espaces de la solidarité familiale

Les transformations de la famille contemporaine suscitent un ensemble de questions concernant notamment la définition de ce qu’est une « famille » aujourd’hui. Les critères statistiques officiels, le critère résidentiel entre autres, rendent difficilement compte de la réalité des liens qui unissent les membres d’un groupe familial. À partir de données quantitative inédites sur l’évolution des solidarités familiales à Montréal, le présent article explore les différents « espaces » préalables à la mise en oeuvre concrète de solidarités : espace de la parenté, espace des affinités, espace des sociabilités et espace géographique. Le résultat le plus intéressant de cette démarche exploratoire est la confirmation, en langage quantitatif, d’importants constats qualitatifs établis par Fortin et Dandurand-Ouellette pour les villes de Québec et de Montréal il y a une vingtaine d’années.The transformation of the contemporary family raises a set of questions concerning, in particular, the defi nition of what a "family" is today. Offi cial statistical criteria, among them the criterion of living under one roof, barely take account of the reality of the bonds that actually unite the members of a family group. Starting from previously unreleased quantitative data on the evolution of family solidarities in Montreal, this article explores the different "spaces" that are a condition for the concrete implementation of solidarities. Among these are spaces shared by relatives, spaces to express affi nities, spaces to socialize, and geographic space. The most interesting result of this exploratory approach is its confi rmation, in quantitative terms, of major qualitative fi ndings reported some 20 years back by Fortin and Dandurand-Ouellette on the cities of Quebec and Montreal

Characterization of Roman glass tesserae from the Coriglia excavation site (Italy) via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy

The combined use of handheld energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry permitted the characterization of Roman glass tesserae excavation from the Coriglia (Italy) archeological site. Analyses of ten different glass colors were conducted as spot analyses on intact samples and as both spot analyses and line scans on select cross-sectioned samples. The elemental and molecular information gained from these spectral measurements allowed for the qualitative chemical characterization of the bulk glass, decolorants, opacifiers, and coloring agents. The use of an antimony opacifier in many of the samples supports the late Imperial phasing as determined through numismatic, fresco, ceramics, and architectural evidence. And dealinization of the exterior glass layers caused by the burial environment was confirmed

De l'aide au lien : des enfants adultes nous parlent de leurs parents âgés

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux parents âgés et à l’implication de leurs enfants adultes lorsque le besoin d’aide se fait sentir. Plus précisément, il s’agit ici de comprendre la signification que les enfants adultes attribuent à ce qu’ils considèrent comme un besoin d’aide de la part de leur parent âgé. Elle s’inscrit à la croisée de trois champs sociologiques : le vieillissement, les relations et solidarités familiales, les aides aux personnes âgées dépendantes. La démarche a consisté, d’une part, à repérer dans le récit que nous livrent des enfants adultes à propos de leurs parents, les significations accordées de part et d’autre à ce qui peut apparaître, ou non, comme un besoin d’aide ; d’autre part, à approfondir la réflexion sur l’évolution complexe du lien entre les parents âgés et leurs enfants, dès lors que la frontière entre ce que l’on appelle « autonomie » et « dépendance » apparaît éminemment subjective. Trois questions spécifiques sont posées. Premièrement, comment les enfants conçoivent-ils l’autonomie de leur parent ? Comment parlent-ils de cette autonomie ? Deuxièmement, en quoi les types d’aide apportés aux parents considérés comme « autonomes » diffèrent-ils de ceux apportés aux parents considérés « en perte d’autonomie » ? Troisièmement, dans quelle mesure la proximité résidentielle entre les parents âgés et leurs enfants répond-elle à un type de besoin spécifique et/ou traduit-elle un type de lien particulier entre ceux-ci ? La méthodologie privilégiée est celle de l’analyse de discours. Les résultats mettent en évidence trois éléments. Premièrement, le caractère éminemment subjectif des notions d’aide et de besoin d’aide, lorsqu’ils s’inscrivent dans une relation parent âgé / enfant adulte, en particulier dès que ce parent âgé apparaît comme étant potentiellement en perte d’autonomie. Deuxièmement, la grande plasticité de cette notion d’autonomie que l’on invoque, ou non, lorsqu’il est question d’apporter de l’aide au parent âgé : on n’aide pas forcément moins un parent considéré comme autonome qu’un autre étiqueté comme étant en perte d’autonomie. Troisièmement, l’imbrication étroite des statuts de fils/filles d’une part, et d’aidant(e), d’autre part, faisant en sorte qu’il est difficile de démêler les différents ordres de motivation qui interviennent tant dans les discours que dans les pratiques d’adultes « aidant » leur parent âgé.This thesis studies elderly parents and the involvement of their adult children whenever help is needed. More precisely, the goal has been to understand the signification attributed, by the adult children, to what they consider to be a need of their parents. The study stands at the crossroads of three sociological fields: aging, family relationship and family solidarity, and care provided to the dependent elderly. The process consisted in extracting from the children’s discourse, the diversity of significations attributed to the sense of need, on both parts. Also, the complex evolution of the bond between the elderly parents and their children will be questioned, for it is hard to clearly distinguish autonomy from dependence. Three specific questions will be asked. Firstly, how do children perceive the autonomy of their parents? How do they express their point of view? Secondly, to what extent is the care brought to «autonomous» parents differing from that brought to parents with «decreasing autonomy»? Lastly, in what measure does residential proximity play a role; does it respond to a specific need and/or does it demonstrate a specific type of relationship? The methodology employed in this study consisted in discourse analysis. The results shed light on three elements. Firstly, the eminently subjective understandings of the notion of help/need, when having to care about elderly parents, especially when they are losing autonomy. Secondly, the great plasticity of the notion of parental autonomy, spoken or not, in the case that care need be offered to one's parents: more care is not necessarily brought to more dependent parents. Thirdly, the major implications of the double status of child and carer make it complicated to bring out the numerous motivations that intervene when a child decides to help

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between organic dyes adsorbed onto nano-clay and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films

In this communication we investigate two dyes N,N' -dioctadecyl thiacyanine perchlorate (NK) and octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (RhB) in Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films with or with out a synthetic clay laponite. Observed changes in isotherms of RhB in absence and presence of nano-clay platelets indicate the incorporation of clay platelets onto RhB-clay hybrid films. AFM image confirms the incorporation of clay in hybrid films. FRET was observed in clay dispersion and LB films with and without clay. Efficiency of energy transfer was maximum in LB films with clay.Comment: 15 pages 5 figures, 1 tabl

Synthesis and spectroscopy of benzylamine-substituted BODIPYs for bioimaging

Three new boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes substituted with a benzylamino group at the 3-position have been synthesized from halogenated BODIPYs by nucleophilic substitution. The spectroscopic and photophysical properties have been explored in different solvents and have been compared with an analogous 8- benzylaminoBODIPY derivative. The position of the benzylamino group has a significant influence on the spectral band positions, fluorescence quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes. The 8- benzylaminoBODIPY emits in the blue range, whereas the 3- substituted shows green fluorescence. Additionally, the extension of the conjugation at the 5-position of 3-benzylaminoBODIPY produces a bathochromic shift of the absorption and emission spectra. The solvent effect on their spectroscopic features has been investigated using the generalized Catalán solvent scales. Quantum-chemical calculations have been performed to assess the effect of the position of the substitution on the spectroscopic properties. Finally, the BODIPY dyes have been employed as probes in fluorescence lifetime imaging of living cells, demonstrating their high potential for bioimaging

ミナミ タイヘイヨウ ヒカク チタイ ジョウヤク ケイセイ カテイ ニ オケル オーストタリア ノ カクグンシュク ガイコウ セイサク

Alternate bilayer structures of N,N'-bis(2,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3,4,9,10- perylene dicarboximide (PDI), freebase phthalocyanines (Pc), and double-linked free-base phthalocyanine-fullerene dyad (Pc-C 60) were prepared by the Langmuir-Schäfer method and studied using a range of optical spectroscopy methods including femtosecond pump-probe and up-conversion. An efficient quenching of the PDI fluorescence by Pc and Pc-C 60 dyad was observed in both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The quenching takes place in less than a few picoseconds, and is due to energy transfer from perylene dicarboximide to phthalocyanine chromophore in PDI|Pc and PDI|Pc-C 60 films. In the PDI|Pc-C 60 bilayer structure the energy transfer is followed by a charge separation in the Pc-C 60 layer, yielding a long-lived (a few microseconds) intermolecular charge separated state similar to that reported recently for Pc-C 60 Langmuir-Blodgett films (Lehtivuori, H.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 9896-9902)

La famille face à l'enfant gravement malade: Le point de vue du psychologue

When children become seriously ill, the profound and painful effects are not limited to the sick children; they also extend to the families. These families find themselves thrust into acute emotional crises triggered by the threat of losing a child and by the child's, and the rest of the family's questioning of their sense of immortality. This situation results in various experiences and feelings (a search for meaning, sense of failure, anxiety, aggression, feelings of powerlessness and guilt, etc.) that inevitably have an impact on the children, their families, and their relationships with caregivers. Our experience of over 15 years in acute-care pediatrics has shown us that while a child's capacity to face serious illness varies according to personal factors (personality, age, temperament), it also depends on parental and familial factors such as adaptability, communication, cohesion, and development. Based on transcriptions of several families' stories, we examine a number of parental and familial reactions to seriously ill children, focusing in particular on certain complex situations (malformed infant, child of separated parents, parental needs of children in palliative care) and on approaches to providing support. We conclude by briefly broaching the subject of grief and follow-up care.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe