Lean Body Mass Index for women ages 18-75 years of age

Purpose: Lean mass is an important component of health because of its multifaceted role in the body. Of particular concern are the effects of muscle mass loss due to aging. Lean mass index (LMI), calculated as lean mass/height2, and fat-free mass index (FFMI) are used to assist in determining a healthy lean mass. The exact FFMI a healthy individual should have to be considered clinically healthy is unclear. Three population-based studies have been done to establish FFMI percentiles, but none were with American subjects. The purpose of this study was to develop LMI percentiles for females of different age groups, to compare the LMI values among these groups, and to compare the FFMI of this cohort to previous studies. Methods: Participants included 762 women, 18 to 75 yrs of age, who had DXA body composition testing at the Fitness Institute of Texas. LMI was calculated for each participant. The women were split into age groups of 18-22 (G1), 23-39 (G2), and 40+ (G3) yrs of age. Cumulative relative frequency was used to determine the LMI percentiles for each group and a univariate ANOVA was used to compare the LMI of the three groups. FFMI percentiles were developed to compare with previously published studies using age groupings of 18-34 and 35-59 yrs of age. Results: The LMI percentiles for each age group are shown in Figure 1. LMI increased significantly between each age group: G1 (15.2±1.8 kg/ m2) \u3c G2 (15.7±1.9 kg/ m2) \u3c G3 (16.1±2.0 kg/ m2) (

Psychosocial and Relational Effects of Sexual Assault

The current study aimed to examine the effects of sexual assault on female survivors’ levels of psychosocial and relational distress, including more specific subscales of relational distress (cohesion, consensus, and satisfaction). Retrospective analyses were conducted on clinical data for 154 female clients who presented for couples therapy at a Marriage and Family Therapy university training program. Half of the women (n = 77) reported a history of at least one rape experience, while the other half of participants did not. Participants completed assessments measuring their levels of psychosocial and relational distress before starting services. Between group analyses found the sexual assault group reported significantly more cumulative traumas, t(152) = -9.38, p = .000, more suicide attempts, ?2(1, N = 154) = 6.29, p = .010, and greater psychosocial distress at the time of treatment, t(152) = -4.30, p = .000. No differences in relational distress were discovered between groups. Multiple regression analyses were conducted examining the levels of psychosocial and relational distress within the sexual assault group based on six factors (ethnicity, cumulative trauma, age at the time of perpetration, time elapsed since perpetration, relationship to the perpetrator, and marital status). The regression model yielded no significant findings overall for the outcome measures of interest. However, the model approached significance in predicting reported consensus scores. Several factors within the model were found to be significant or approaching significance as well. Unmarried survivors reported lower rates of relational distress than married survivors, higher rates of consensus, and greater agreement in sex relations with current partner. Younger age at time of perpetration was associated with lower rates of consensus, higher rates of overall relationship distress, and higher rates of disagreement in sex relations with their current partner. Greater time elapsed since perpetration was associated with higher rates of consensus and lower rates of relational distress. Survivors perpetrated by a stranger/acquaintance reported lower rates of consensus and cohesion, and higher rates of relational distress compared to other perpetrator groups. Results suggest that sexual assault, certain individual characteristics, and trauma variables have an impact on psychosocial and relational outcomes for females.Human Development & Family Scienc

Men and #MeToo:Mapping men's responses to anti-violence advocacy

Men’s responses to #MeToo range from enthusiastic support to hostile backlash. There are common forms of resistance among men to campaigns relating to gender-based violence, including defensive denials that men’s violence is routine (#NotAllMen), counter-calls to address women’s violence against men, and complaints that #MeToo has ‘gone too far’ and become a ‘witch-hunt’. And for many men, there is simply mute discomfort. Masculinity is implicated directly in men’s perpetration of rape and sexual harassment, but also in men’s widespread inaction or complicity and their too-easy condemnation of ‘other men’. At the same time, #MeToo has prompted valuable public scrutiny of the narrow and dangerous ideals of masculinity which inform men’s violence. This chapter seeks to analyze men’s responses to the #MeToo movement and asks how can men be inspired and mobilized to support change