284 research outputs found
The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements
We present a stellar dynamical estimate of the black hole (BH) mass in the Seyfert 1 galaxy, NGC 4151. We analyze ground-based spectroscopy as well as imaging data from the ground and space, and we construct 3-integral axisymmetric models in order to constrain the BH mass and mass-to-light ratio. The dynamical models depend on the assumed inclination of the kinematic symmetry axis of the stellar bulge. In the case where the bulge is assumed to be viewed edge-on, the kinematical data give only an upper limit to the mass of the BH of ⌠4 Ă 107 Mâ (1 ). If the bulge kinematic axis is assumed to have the same inclination as the symmetry axis of the large-scale galaxy disk (i.e., 23⊠relative to the line of sight), a best-fit dynamical mass between 4 â 5 Ă 107 Mâ is obtained. However, because of the poor quality of the fit when the bulge is assumed to be inclined (as determined by the noisiness of the 2 surface and its minimum value), and because we lack spectroscopic data that clearly resolves the BH sphere of influence, we consider our measurements to be tentative estimates of the dynamical BH mass. With this preliminary result, NGC 4151 is now among the small sample of galaxies in which the BH mass has been constrained from two independent techniques, and the mass values we find for both bulge inclinations are in reasonable agreement with the recent estimate from reverberation mapping (4.57+0.57 â0.47 Ă 107 Mâ) published by Bentz et al
Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Consistency of Black Hole Masses in Quiescent and Active Galaxies
We report the first results of a program to measure accurate stellar velocity
dispersions in the bulges of the host galaxies of active galactic nuclei (AGNs)
for which accurate black hole (BH) masses have been determined via
reverberation mapping. We find good agreement between BH masses obtained from
reverberation mapping, and from the M(BH) - sigma relation as defined by
quiescent galaxies, indicating a common relationship between active and
quiescent black holes and their large-scale environments.Comment: Submitted to ApJ
A high-resolution infrared spectroscopic investigation of the halogen atom-HCN entrance channel complexes solvated in superfluid helium droplets
Rotationally resolved infrared spectra are reported for the X-HCN (X = Cl,
Br, I) binary complexes solvated in helium nanodroplets. These results are
directly compared with that obtained previously for the corresponding X-HF
complexes [J. M. Merritt, J. K\"upper, and R. E. Miller, PCCP, 7, 67 (2005)].
For bromine and iodine atoms complexed with HCN, two linear structures are
observed and assigned to the and ground
electronic states of the nitrogen and hydrogen bound geometries, respectively.
Experiments for HCN + chlorine atoms give rise to only a single band which is
attributed to the nitrogen bound isomer. That the hydrogen bound isomer is not
stabilized is rationalized in terms of a lowering of the isomerization barrier
by spin-orbit coupling. Theoretical calculations with and without spin-orbit
coupling have also been performed and are compared with our experimental
results. The possibility of stabilizing high-energy structures containing
multiple radicals is discussed, motivated by preliminary spectroscopic evidence
for the di-radical Br-HCCCN-Br complex. Spectra for the corresponding molecular
halogen HCN-X complexes are also presented.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, RevTe
The mass of the black hole in 3C 273
In this paper we apply the reverberation method to determine the mass of the
black hole in 3C273 from the Ly a and C iv emission lines using archival IUE
observations. Following the standard assumptions of the method, we find a
maximum-likelihood estimate of the mass of 6.59 10^9 Mo, with a 1 sigma
confidence interval 5.69-8.27 10^9 Mo. This estimate is more than one order of
magnitude larger than that obtained in a previous study using Balmer lines. We
reanalyze the optical data and show that the method applied to the Ha, Hb, and
Hg Balmer lines produce mass estimates lower by a factor 2.5, but already much
larger than the previous estimate derived from the same lines. The finding of
such a high mass in a face-on object is a strong indication that the gas motion
is not confined to the accretion disk. The new mass estimate makes 3C273
accreting with an accretion rate about six times lower than the Eddington rate.
We discuss the implications of our result for the broad-line-region size and
black-hole mass vs luminosity relationships for the set of objects for which
reverberation black-hole masses have been obtained. We find that, while objects
with super-Eddington luminosities might theoretically be possible, their
existence is not necessarily implied by this sample.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 10 pages, 9 figure
The optical emission line spectrum of Mark 110
We analyse in detail the rich emission line spectrum of Mark 110 to determine
the physical conditions in the nucleus of this object, a peculiar NLS1 without
any detectable Fe II emission associated with the broad line region and with a
line ratio unusually large for a NLS1. We use 24 spectra
obtained with the Marcario Low Resolution Spectrograph attached at the prime
focus of the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly telescope at the McDonald observatory. We
fitted the spectrum by identifying all the emission lines (about 220) detected
in the wavelength range 4200-6900 \AA (at rest). The narrow emission lines are
probably produced in a region with a density gradient in the range
10 cm with a rather high column density (5
cm). In addition to a narrow line system, three major broad line systems
with different line velocity and width are required. We confirm the absence of
broad Fe II emission lines. We speculate that Mark 110 is in fact a BLS1 with
relatively "narrow" broad lines but with a BH mass large enough compared to its
luminosity to have a lower than Eddington luminosity.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&
Central Masses and Broad-Line Region Sizes of Active Galactic Nuclei. II. A Homogeneous Analysis of a Large Reverberation-Mapping Database
We present improved black hole masses for 35 active galactic nuclei (AGNs)
based on a complete and consistent reanalysis of broad emission-line
reverberation-mapping data. From objects with multiple line measurements, we
find that the highest precision measure of the virial product is obtained by
using the cross-correlation function centroid (as opposed to the
cross-correlation function peak) for the time delay and the line dispersion (as
opposed to full width half maximum) for the line width and by measuring the
line width in the variable part of the spectrum. Accurate line-width
measurement depends critically on avoiding contaminating features, in
particular the narrow components of the emission lines. We find that the
precision (or random component of the error) of reverberation-based black hole
mass measurements is typically around 30%, comparable to the precision attained
in measurement of black hole masses in quiescent galaxies by gas or stellar
dynamical methods. Based on results presented in a companion paper by Onken et
al., we provide a zero-point calibration for the reverberation-based black hole
mass scale by using the relationship between black hole mass and host-galaxy
bulge velocity dispersion. The scatter around this relationship implies that
the typical systematic uncertainties in reverberation-based black hole masses
are smaller than a factor of three. We present a preliminary version of a
mass-luminosity relationship that is much better defined than any previous
attempt. Scatter about the mass-luminosity relationship for these AGNs appears
to be real and could be correlated with either Eddington ratio or object
inclination.Comment: 61 pages, including 8 Tables and 16 Figures. Accepted for publication
in The Astrophysical Journa
The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements
We present a stellar dynamical estimate of the black hole (BH) mass in the
Seyfert 1 galaxy, NGC 4151. We analyze ground-based spectroscopy as well as
imaging data from the ground and space, and we construct 3-integral
axisymmetric models in order to constrain the BH mass and mass-to-light ratio.
The dynamical models depend on the assumed inclination of the kinematic
symmetry axis of the stellar bulge. In the case where the bulge is assumed to
be viewed edge-on, the kinematical data give only an upper limit to the mass of
the BH of ~4e7 M_sun (1 sigma). If the bulge kinematic axis is assumed to have
the same inclination as the symmetry axis of the large-scale galaxy disk (i.e.,
23 degrees relative to the line of sight), a best-fit dynamical mass between
4-5e7 M_sun is obtained. However, because of the poor quality of the fit when
the bulge is assumed to be inclined (as determined by the noisiness of the
chi^2 surface and its minimum value), and because we lack spectroscopic data
that clearly resolves the BH sphere of influence, we consider our measurements
to be tentative estimates of the dynamical BH mass. With this preliminary
result, NGC 4151 is now among the small sample of galaxies in which the BH mass
has been constrained from two independent techniques, and the mass values we
find for both bulge inclinations are in reasonable agreement with the recent
estimate from reverberation mapping (4.57[+0.57/-0.47]e7 M_sun) published by
Bentz et al.Comment: 20 pages, including 11 low-res figures. Accepted for publication in
ApJ. High resolution version available upon reques
Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Calibration of the M-sigma Relationship for AGNs
We calibrate reverberation-based black hole masses in active galactic nuclei
(AGNs) by using the correlation between black hole mass, M, and bulge/spheroid
stellar velocity dispersion, sigma. We use new measurements of sigma for 6 AGNs
and published velocity dispersions for 10 others, in conjunction with improved
reverberation mapping results, to determine the scaling factor required to
bring reverberation-based black hole masses into agreement with the quiescent
galaxy M-sigma relationship. The scatter in the AGN black hole masses is found
to be less than a factor of 3. The current observational uncertainties preclude
use of the scaling factor to discriminate between broad-line region models.Comment: 16 pages, including 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
DEVELOPMENT OF CORROSION-RESISTANT ALLOYS FOR USE AS CONTAINER MATERIALS FOR DECLADDING SOLUTIONS OR AS WELDING ALLOYS
Twenty-four experimental alloys were developed and evaluated as container materials or welding alloys for use with Sulfex and Niflex decladding solutions. Niflex solutions which were more corrosive than Sulfex solutions to most of the experimental alloys, produced severe localized attack on weldments made on vacuum-melted Hastelloy F with the experimental alloys. However, several of the alloys, when self-welded, were not selectively attacked. Some of these showed a substantial improvement in resistance to the decladding solutions. The most promising alloys were based on either 45 wt.% nickel--22 wt.% chromium or 50 wt.% nickel--25 wt.% chromium, with at least 6 wt.% molybdenum, and 1 wt.% titanium, 0.6 wt.% manganese, 0.4 wt. % silicon, 0.02 wt.% carbon, and the balance, iron. The alloy most resistant to both solutions contained 6 wt.% molybdenum and 1 wt.% copper in the 50 wt.% nickel--25 wt.% chromium base. Its corrosion rate of 22 mils per month in Niflex, with no selective attack, was significantly lower than the 105 mils per month recorded for Hastelloy F. Even lower rates would be expected under the less stringent conditions of actual process operation. Indications are that more resistance might be obtained by increasing the chromium and nickel contents. (auth
Supermassive Black Hole Mass Regulated by Host Galaxy Morphology
We investigated the relationship between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass
and host starburst luminosity in Seyfert galaxies and Palomar-Green QSOs,
focusing on the host galaxy morphology. Host starburst luminosity was derived
from the 11.3 micron polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon luminosity. We found that
the SMBH masses of elliptical-dominated host galaxies are more massive than
those of disk-dominated host galaxies statistically. We also found that the
SMBH masses of disk-dominated host galaxies seem to be suppressed even under
increasing starburst luminosity. These findings imply that final SMBH mass is
strongly regulated by host galaxy morphology. This can be understood by
considering the radiation drag model as the SMBH growth mechanism, taking into
account the radiation efficiency of the host galaxy.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; accepted for publication in MNRA
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