High-resolution dietary reconstruction of victims of the 79 CE Vesuvius eruption at Herculaneum by compound-specific isotope analysis.

The remains of those who perished at Herculaneum in 79 CE offer a unique opportunity to examine lifeways across an ancient community who lived and died together. Historical sources often allude to differential access to foodstuffs across Roman society but provide no direct or quantitative information. By determining the stable isotope values of amino acids from bone collagen and deploying Bayesian models that incorporate knowledge of protein synthesis, we were able to reconstruct the diets of 17 adults from Herculaneum with unprecedented resolution. Significant differences in the proportions of marine and terrestrial foods consumed were observed between males and females, implying that access to food was differentiated according to gender. The approach also provided dietary data of sufficient precision for comparison with assessments of food supply to modern populations, opening up the possibility of benchmarking ancient diets against contemporary settings where the consequences for health are better understood

Dreams and nightmares of liberal international law: capitalist accumulation, natural rights and state hegemony

This article develops a line of theorising the relationship between peace, war and commerce and does so via conceptualising global juridical relations as a site of contestation over questions of economic and social justice. By sketching aspects of a historical interaction between capitalist accumulation, natural rights and state hegemony, the article offers a critical account of the limits of liberal international law, and attempts to recover some ground for thinking about the emancipatory potential of international law more generally

The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusions: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients

A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Chapitre IV. Le rendement de la terre

Introduction Enquêter sur le rendement des terres en Grèce Antique revient à poursuivre un fantôme. Cette recherche nécessite de compiler des données essentielles telles que les totaux de production, les surfaces de terres cultivées, et les densités de semences des principales spéculations dans différentes régions de Grèce, tout ceci sur une période de temps très étendue – durant laquelle l’environnement naturel et social évoluèrent. Ces données n’existent pas, en partie à cause de la dispari..

L'approvisionement des armées et la ville de Rome

Was there any competition between the Roman army and the inhabitants of Rome in the field of basic supplies ? For the Republican period, the answer is a conditional "yes", in so far as the wars were taking place within Italy or in regions where it was impossible to obtain the necessary goods from the natives. During the Principate, the permanent military camps which were established along the borders transformed the economy without hindering the supply of Rome.L'armée romaine faisait-elle concurrence aux habitants de Rome en ce qui concerne le ravitaillement en denrées de base ? Pour la période républicaine, la réponse est un "oui" conditionnel - dans la mesure où les guerres avaient lieu en Italie ou dans des régions où il était impossible de se procurer auprès des indigènes les denrées nécessaires. Durant le Principat, l'existence des camps militaires permanents a transformé l'économie aux frontières, sans porter atteinte aux transports de denrées vers la ville de Rome.Garnsey Peter. L'approvisionement des armées et la ville de Rome. In: Le Ravitaillement en blé de Rome et des centres urbains des débuts de la République jusqu'au Haut-Empire. Actes du colloque international de Naples, 14-16 Février 1991. Rome : École Française de Rome, 1994. pp. 31-34. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 196

Retour sur Non-Slave Labour

Garnsey Peter. Retour sur Non-Slave Labour. À propos du choix des travailleurs agricoles dans le monde antique. In: Le travail : recherches historiques. Table ronde de Besançon, 14 et 15 novembre 1997. Besançon : Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité, 1999. pp. 101-114. (Collection « ISTA », 698

J. Andreau, Patrimoines, échanges et prêts d'argent : l'économie romaine (SASA 12) (1997)

Garnsey Peter. J. Andreau, Patrimoines, échanges et prêts d'argent : l'économie romaine (SASA 12) (1997). In: Topoi, volume 8/1, 1998. pp. 407-410