Revising the Solution of the Neutrino Oscillation Parameter Degeneracies at Neutrino Factories

In the context of neutrino factories, we review the solution of the degeneracies in the neutrino oscillation parameters. In particular, we have set limits to $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}$ in order to accomplish the unambiguous determination of $\theta_{23}$ and $\delta$. We have performed two different analysis. In the first, at a baseline of 3000 km, we simulate a measurement of the channels $\nu_e\to\nu_\mu$, $\nu_e\to\nu_\tau$ and $\bar{\nu}_\mu\to\bar{\nu}_\mu$, combined with their respective conjugate ones, with a muon energy of 50 GeV and a running time of five years. In the second, we merge the simulated data obtained at L=3000 km with the measurement of $\nu_e\to\nu_\mu$ channel at 7250 km, the so called 'magic baseline'. In both cases, we have studied the impact of varying the $\nu_\tau$ detector efficiency-mass product, $(\epsilon_{\nu_\tau}\times M_\tau)$, at 3000 km, keeping unchanged the $\nu_\mu$ detector mass and its efficiency. At L=3000 km, we found the existance of degenerate zones, that corresponds to values of $\theta_{13}$, which are equal or almost equal to the true ones. These zones are extremely difficult to discard, even when we increase the number of events. However, in the second scenario, this difficulty is overcomed, demostrating the relevance of the 'magic baseline'. From this scenario, the best limits of $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}$, reached at $3\sigma$, for $\sin^2 2\theta_{23}=0.95$, 0.975 and 0.99 are: 0.008, 0.015 and 0.045, respectively, obtained at $\delta=0$, and considering $(\epsilon_{\nu_\tau}\times M_\tau) \approx 125$, which is five times the initial efficiency-mass combination.Comment: 40 pages, 18 figures; added references, corrected typos, updated Eq (15c

How do you sleep? Using off the shelf wrist wearables to estimate sleep quality, sleepiness level, chronotype and sleep regularity indicators

This piece of research is situated in the domain of multi-modal analytics. New commercial off the shelf wearables, such as smartwatches or wristbands, are becoming popular and increasingly used for fitness and wellness in a new trend known as the quantified-self movement. The sensors included in these devices (e.g. accelerometer, heart rate) in conjunction with data analytics algorithms are used to provide information such as steps walked, calories consumed, etc. The main goal of this piece of research is to check if new wearable technologies could be used to estimate sleep indicators in an automatic way. The available medical literature proposes several sleep-related features and methods to calculate them involving direct user observation, interviews or specific medical instrumentation. Off the shelf wearable vendors also provide some sleep indicators, such as the sleep duration, the number of awakes or the time to fall asleep. Taking as a reference the results and methods described in the medical literature and the data available in commercial off the shelf wearables, we propose new sleep indicators offering a greater interpretative value: sleep quality, sleepiness level, chronotype. The results obtained after initial experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be applied in real contexts. Eventually, we plan to apply these solutions to support educational scenarios related to self-regulated learning and teaching support.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TIN2016-80515-RXunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC2013-006Universidade de Vig

Study of stress detection and proposal of stress-related features using commercial-off-the-shelf wrist wearables

This paper discusses the possibility of detecting personal stress making use of popular wearable devices available in the market. Different instruments found in the literature to measure stress-related features are reviewed, distinguishing between subjective tests and mechanisms supported by the analysis of physiological signals from clinical devices. Taking them as a reference, a solution to estimate stress based on the use of commercial-off-the-shelf wrist wearables and machine learning techniques is described. A mobile app was developed to induce stress in a uniform and systematic way. The app implements well-known stress inducers, such as the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, and a hyperventilation activity. Wearables are used to collect physiological data used to train classifiers that provide estimations on personal stress levels. The solution has been validated in an experiment involving 19 subjects, offering an average accuracy and F-measures close to 0.99 in an individual model and an accuracy and F-measure close to 0.85 in a global 2-level classifier model. Stress can be a worrying problem in different scenarios, such as in educational settings. Thus, the last part of the paper describes the proposal of a set of stress related indicators aimed to support the management of stress over time in such settings.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TIN2016-80515-RUniversidade de Vig

Actividad física y obesidad infantil en estudiantes de las instituciones educativas del nivel primario de San Antonio - Cañete, 2014

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como problema general: ¿Cuál es la relación que existe entre la actividad física y la obesidad infantil en estudiantes de las instituciones educativas del nivel primario de San Antonio - Cañete, 2014? y el objetivo general fue: Determinar la relación que existen entre la actividad física y la obesidad infantil en estudiantes de las instituciones educativas del nivel primario de San Antonio - Cañete, 2014. El tipo de investigación fue básica de naturaleza descriptiva – correlacional, el diseño fue no experimental de corte transversal-correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 151 estudiantes. Se aplicó la técnica de la encuesta con cuestionario tipo escala de Likert para ambas variables. En la investigación, se ha encontrado que existe una correlación muy alta y significativa entre la actividad física y la obesidad infantil en estudiantes de las instituciones educativas del nivel primario de San Antonio – Cañete, con un nivel de significancia de .05, Rho de Spearman = -.985 y p < .05

Evaluation of commercial-off-the-shelf wrist wearables to estimate stress on students

Wearable commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices have become popular during the last years to monitor sports activities, primarily among young people. These devices include sensors to gather data on physiological signals such as heart rate, skin temperature or galvanic skin response. By applying data analytics techniques to these kinds of signals, it is possible to obtain estimations of higher-level aspects of human behavior. In the literature, there are several works describing the use of physiological data collected using clinical devices to obtain information on sleep patterns or stress. However, it is still an open question whether data captured using COTS wrist wearables is sufficient to characterize the learners' psychological state in educational settings. This paper discusses a protocol to evaluate stress estimation from data obtained using COTS wrist wearables. The protocol is carried out in two phases. The first stage consists of a controlled laboratory experiment, where a mobile app is used to induce different stress levels in a student by means of a relaxing video, a Stroop Color and Word test, a Paced Auditory Serial Addition test, and a hyperventilation test. The second phase is carried out in the classroom, where stress is analyzed while performing several academic activities, namely attending to theoretical lectures, doing exercises and other individual activities, and taking short tests and exams. In both cases, both quantitative data obtained from COTS wrist wearables and qualitative data gathered by means of questionnaires are considered. This protocol involves a simple and consistent method with a stress induction app and questionnaires, requiring a limited participation of support staff.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TIN2016-80515-

Effect of roll compaction on granule size distribution of microcrystalline cellulose-mannitol mixtures : computational intelligence modeling and parametric analysis

Dry granulation using roll compaction is a typical unit operation for producing solid dosage forms in the pharmaceutical industry. Dry granulation is commonly used if the powder mixture is sensitive to heat and moisture and has poor flow properties. The output of roll compaction is compacted ribbons that exhibit different properties based on the adjusted process parameters. These ribbons are then milled into granules and finally compressed into tablets. The properties of the ribbons directly affect the granule size distribution (GSD) and the quality of final products; thus, it is imperative to study the effect of roll compaction process parameters on GSD. The understanding of how the roll compactor process parameters and material properties interact with each other will allow accurate control of the process, leading to the implementation of quality by design practices. Computational intelligence (CI) methods have a great potential for being used within the scope of quality by design approach. The main objective of this study was to show how the computational intelligence techniques can be useful to predict the GSD by using different process conditions of roll compaction and material properties. Different techniques such as multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, random forest, Cubist and k-nearest neighbors algorithm assisted by sevenfold cross-validation were used to present generalized models for the prediction of GSD based on roll compaction process setting and material properties. The normalized root-mean-squared error and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used for model assessment. The best fit was obtained by Cubist model (normalized root-mean-squared error =3.22%, R2=0.95). Based on the results, it was confirmed that the material properties (true density) followed by compaction force have the most significant effect on GSD

Impacto de fragmentación organizacional en la intervención pública para la lucha contra la anemia en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho en el periodo 2015-2019

El presente estudio titulado Impacto de la fragmentación organizacional en la intervención pública para la lucha contra la anemia, en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, durante el periodo 2015 – 2019, tuvo por objetivo analizar la incidencia de la fragmentación organizacional en la gestión pública con relación a la lucha contra la anemia. En cuanto a la metodología el enfoque cualitativo se sustenta en el paradigma interpretativo por cuanto está orientada a la descripción e interpretación, el método inductivo es el más apropiado y el diseño de la investigación es fenomenológico, es decir sus fundamentos se basan en la experiencia del sujeto sobre un determinado evento y el diseño fenomenológico hermenéutico permitirá abordar la investigación, directamente de las declaraciones y vivencias de los participantes. La población materia de estudio fueron Directivos, coordinadores de las Direcciones de Líneas y los directores de los Establecimientos de Salud del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho y se utilizó como técnica la entrevista. La investigación concluyó que la fragmentación organizacional es un problema que se da en la gestión púbica y que abarca a las instituciones que la conforman, es por eso que el plan multisectorial y los programas presupuestales de lucha contra la anemia no han cumplido con los objetivos propuestos, que se ven reflejado en los indicadores que miden la oferta y demanda para el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho

Wikis colaborativas. Una experiencia en la facultad de economía y empresa

Colección: Contextos Universitarios Transformadores (CUT). Número 7[Resumen] Los estudios realizados en los últimos años señalan el aprendizaje colaborativo y el uso de las TICs en el aula como herramientas esenciales de cara a promover un proceso eficiente de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Las wikis colaborativas recogen ambos aspectos, favoreciendo la cooperación del alumnado y mejorando sus competencias digitales. Por este motivo, en el curso 2020-2021, se ha llevado a cabo una actividad de wikis colaborativas en la materia Análisis Económico de las Organizaciones, que se imparte en el cuarto curso del doble grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresas-Derecho de la Universidade da Coruña. Con el fin de evaluar el impacto de esta actividad en el alumnado y en su proceso de aprendizaje, se ha elaborado un cuestionario, que ha sido contestado por los alumnos al finalizar la actividad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los alumnos perciben claramente que una aportación de calidad a la wiki será recompensada luego en los resultados de la materia. Sin embargo, los resultados en cuanto a que la participación en la actividad les ha gustado, aunque son buenos, pueden ser mejorados. Por tanto, cabe seguir mejorando en su diseño y contenidos.[Abstract] Studies carried out in recent years point to collaborative learning and the use of ICT in the classroom as essential tools to promote an efficient teaching-learning process. Collaborative wikis include both aspects, favouring student cooperation and improving their digital competences. For this reason, in the 2020-2021 academic year, a collaborative wiki activity has been carried out in the subject Economic Analysis of Organisations, which is taught in the fourth year of the double degree in Business Administration and Management-Law at the Universidade da Coruña. In order to assess the impact of this activity on the students and their learning process, a questionnaire was prepared and answered by the students at the end of the activity. The results obtained show that students clearly perceive that a quality contribution to the wiki will be rewarded later in the results of the subject. However, the results in terms of liking participation in the activity, although good, can be improved. Therefore, the design and content of the wiki can be further improved.http://hdl.handle.net/2183/3249

A multispectral vision system to evaluate enzymatic browning in fresh-cut apple slices

The main objective of this study was to develop a vision system that is able to classify fresh-cut apple slices according to the development of enzymatic browning. The experiment was carried out on ‘Granny Smith’ apple slices stored at 7.5 °C for 9 days (n = 120). Twenty-four samples were analyzed per day: at zero time and after storage for 1, 3, 7 and 9 days, which corresponds to treatments t0, t1, t3, t7 and t9 respectively. Multispectral images were acquired from the samples by employing a 3-CCD camera centered at the infrared (IR, 800 nm), red (R, 680 nm) and blue (B, 450 nm) wavelengths. Apple slices were evaluated visually according to a visual color scale of 1–5 (where 1 corresponds to fresh samples without any browning and 5 to samples with severe discoloration), to obtain a sensory evaluation index (ISE) for each sample. Finally, for each sample and for each treatment, visible (VIS) relative reflectance spectra (360–740 nm) were obtained. In order to identify the most related wavelengths to enzymatic browning evolution, unsupervised pattern recognition analysis of VIS reflectance spectra was performed by principal components analysis (PCA) on the autoscaled data. Maximum loading values corresponding to the B and R areas were observed. Therefore, a classification procedure was applied to the relative histograms of the following monochromatic images (virtual images), which were computed pixel by pixel: (R − B)/(R + B), R − B and B/R. In all cases, a non-supervised classification procedure was able to generate three image-based browning reference classes (BRC): Cluster A (corresponding to the t0 samples), Cluster B (t1 and t3 samples) and Cluster C (t7 and t9 samples). An internal and an external validation (n = 120) were carried out, and the best classifications were obtained with the (R − B)/(R + B) and B/R image histograms (internal validation: 99.2% of samples correctly classified for both virtual images; external validation: 84% with (R − B)/(R + B) and 81% with B/R). The camera classification was evaluated according to the colorimetric measurements, which were usually utilized to evaluate enzymatic browning development (CIE L*a*b* color parameters and browning index, BI) and according to ISE. For both validation phases a*, b*, BI and ISE increased while L* values decreased with image-based class number, thereby reflecting their browning state