Análise entre a Declividade e a Ocorrência de Escorregamentos de Terras na Bacia dos Rios Pedras/Pituaçu em Salvador/Ba

Os prejuízos associados aos desastres naturais vêm aumentando a cada ano no Brasil, principalmente devido ao denso crescimento populacional, uma vez que a população urbana representa mais de 84% da população do país, e com tendência de crescimento nas próximas décadas (BRITO et al., 2016), e ao mau planejamento urbano. A variável declividade do terreno é um dos principais condicionantes à ocorrência de escorregamentos de terras (BORTOLUCCI, 2015), sendo, dessa forma, uma variável muito utilizada em estudos que envolvem esta temática ambiental. A cidade de Salvador apresenta áreas com encostas íngremes e baixadas, e por este motivo a variável declividade da Bacia Hidrográfica dos Rios Pedras/Pituaçu, localizada nesta cidade, será aqui relacionada com a ocorrência de escorregamentos de terras lá verificados, e com isso possibilitar uma ferramenta de auxílio aos órgãos tomadores de decisões e, assim, IMPACTOS, RISCOS E DESASTRES NATURAIS consequentemente mitigar os impactos negativos à sociedade em geral diante dos episódios de precipitação que anualmente atingem Salvador

Fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão dos consumidores na aquisição de chip de operadora de telefonia móvel / Factors that influence consumer decision-making when purchasing a mobile operator chip

O presente trabalho buscou realizar um estudo acerca dos fatores determinantes na tomada de decisão na escolha do chip de operadora de telefonia móvel de determinado público na região metropolitana de Goiânia-GO. Desta forma, o objetivo geral foi apresentar o perfil do consumidor da operadora; destacar quais os tipos de operadoras mais escolhidas; elencar quais os fatores e hábitos que influenciam na decisão de aquisição da operadora. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa. Na fundamentação teórica, foram abordados os conceitos e teorias motivacionais e do comportamento do consumidor. Como procedimento metodológico, fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa através da aplicação de um questionário para um espaço amostral de 100 indivíduos, acima de 18 anos, em 5 pontos da Avenida Anhanguera, em Goiânia. Como critérios de inclusão, foram pesquisados somente os entrevistados maiores de 18 anos, que são consumidores de chip de telefonia móvel e que estavam circulando em 5 pontos da Avenida Anhanguera, em Goiânia, Goiás. Como critérios de exclusão, foram elencados os dados das pessoas que afirmaram consumir um chip de operadora de telefonia móvel. Conclui-se que o perfil traçado nessa pesquisa indica importância com o fator econômico para o consumo dos serviços do chip, que necessita do consumo da internet e tem um perfil que se apega a operadora, sendo fiel a mesma por longos períodos, apenas trocando-a quando a mesma apresenta instabilidades de sinal.

Marketing verde: uma perspectiva bibliométrica da produção brasileira / Green marketing: a bibliometric perspective of Brazilian production

O presente estudo tem como objetivo examinar a produção acadêmica nacional de sobre marketing verde, mensurar o perfil e a produtividade dos pesquisadores e dos fatores associados a produção, identificar os dados dos estudos levantados quando ao gênero, ano, titulação, instituição e estado. O teor metodológico foi exploratório, com a utilização da bibliometria. Para critérios de inclusão buscou-se as produções nacionais. Para os critérios de exclusão, foram desprezados os termos “marketing” e “verde”, quando estes eram encontrados separadamente do título e das palavras-chave e separadamente. A base de dados foram os portais da Scielo, Periódico da Capes e Google Scholar. Foi utilizado o software SPSS, versão 22 para a análise dos dados, e Microsoft Word 2016. Foram selecionados 45 artigos. O recorte cronológico foi de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2019. Verificou-se um aumento do interesse no marketing verde com o passar dos anos. O ano que mais publicou foi 2017. Predominou-se o Qualis B4. A Instituição de ensino com a maior ocorrência na formação do primeiro autor dos artigos foi a Universidade de São Paulo. Os artigos são escritos, em sua maioria por 3, 4 autores. As palavras mais utilizadas nos artigos são “produto” e “verde”. Autores internacionais são mais citados que autores nacionais

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an accurate, web-based tool for stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation to facilitate decisions on the potential benefits/risks of anticoagulation, based on mortality, stroke and bleeding risks. DESIGN: The new tool was developed, using stepwise regression, for all and then applied to lower risk patients. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2-VASc using 30-fold cross-validation to control for overfitting. External validation was undertaken in an independent dataset, Outcome Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). PARTICIPANTS: Data from 39 898 patients enrolled in the prospective GARFIELD-AF registry provided the basis for deriving and validating an integrated risk tool to predict stroke risk, mortality and bleeding risk. RESULTS: The discriminatory value of the GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for patients with or without anticoagulation. C-statistics (95% CI) for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism and haemorrhagic stroke/major bleeding (treated patients) were: 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78), 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) and 0.66 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively, for the GARFIELD-AF risk models, and 0.66 (0.64-0.67), 0.64 (0.61-0.66) and 0.64 (0.61-0.68), respectively, for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). In very low to low risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc 0 or 1 (men) and 1 or 2 (women)), the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (for bleeding) scores offered weak discriminatory value for mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. C-statistics for the GARFIELD-AF risk tool were 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75), 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) and 0.60 (0.47 to 0.73) for each end point, respectively, versus 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55), 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.56) for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). Upon validation in the ORBIT-AF population, C-statistics showed that the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was effective for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality using the full and simplified model for all-cause mortality: C-statistics 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77) and 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77), respectively, and for predicting for any stroke or systemic embolism over 1 year, C-statistics 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc in predicting stroke and mortality and superior to HAS-BLED for bleeding, overall and in lower risk patients. The GARFIELD-AF tool has the potential for incorporation in routine electronic systems, and for the first time, permits simultaneous evaluation of ischaemic stroke, mortality and bleeding risks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362) and for ORBIT-AF (NCT01165710)

Two-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF.

AIMS: The relationship between outcomes and time after diagnosis for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is poorly defined, especially beyond the first year. METHODS AND RESULTS: GARFIELD-AF is an ongoing, global observational study of adults with newly diagnosed NVAF. Two-year outcomes of 17 162 patients prospectively enrolled in GARFIELD-AF were analysed in light of baseline characteristics, risk profiles for stroke/systemic embolism (SE), and antithrombotic therapy. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.8 (11.4) years, 43.8% were women, and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.3 (1.6); 60.8% of patients were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with/without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 27.4% AP monotherapy, and 11.8% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause mortality, stroke/SE, and major bleeding had occurred at a rate (95% confidence interval) of 3.83 (3.62; 4.05), 1.25 (1.13; 1.38), and 0.70 (0.62; 0.81) per 100 person-years, respectively. Rates for all three major events were highest during the first 4 months. Congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, sudden/unwitnessed death, malignancy, respiratory failure, and infection/sepsis accounted for 65% of all known causes of death and strokes for <10%. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a 35% lower risk of death. CONCLUSION: The most frequent of the three major outcome measures was death, whose most common causes are not known to be significantly influenced by anticoagulation. This suggests that a more comprehensive approach to the management of NVAF may be needed to improve outcome. This could include, in addition to anticoagulation, interventions targeting modifiable, cause-specific risk factors for death. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Steers performance grazing ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) with or without energetic supplementation / <br> Desempenho de bovinos de corte em pastagem de azevém (Lolium Multiflorum) com ou sem suplementação energética

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of steers grazing ryegrass pasture (Lolium multiflorum), with or without energetic supplementation (cracked corn) and to evaluate the economic return of this supplementation. Twenty two Simental steers with initial body weight (IBW) of 394.8 kg were used. Two ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) padocks were used, with a stocking rate of 1.36 AU/ha. The energetic supplement was 100% of cracked corn. The average daily gain (ADG) for supplemented steers was higher (1.68 kg/day) than ADG of no supplemented steers (1.36 kg/day). One kg of carcass was obtained for each 5,55kg of supplement. The energetic supplementation was viable when the price of each 15 kg of carcass was R$53.00 and when the price of the energetic supplement (corn) was R$ 250.00/ton.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de novilhos de corte sob pastejo em azevém (Lolium multiflorum) com ou sem suplementação energética (milho triturado) e analisar a viabilidade econômica dessa suplementação. Foram utilizados machos não-castrados Simental PO, com idade média de 22 meses e peso inicial médio de 394,8 kg. Foram utilizados dois piquetes de azevém, com taxa de lotação de 1,36 UA/ha. O suplemento energético era composto por 100% de milho triturado. O ganho médio diário (GMD) para os novilhos suplementados foi superior (1,68 kg/dia) ao GMD dos novilhos não suplementados (1,36 kg/dia). Obteve-se um kg de carcaça para cada 5,55 kg de suplemento utilizado. A suplementação energética foi viável para a cotação da arroba à R$53,00 e do suplemento energético (milho) à R$ 250,00/tonelada

O Ensino de Ciências na Escola do Campo: Um olhar sobre os desafios enfrentados na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Maria Luíza Balieiro Soares

Esta pesquisa analisa o ensino de Ciências na turma do 9º ano da escola Municipal de ensino fundamental, Maria Luíza Balieiro Soares, localizada na comunidade Tapará, no município de Oeiras do Pará. Configura-se como uma pesquisa de campo destinada a entender a concepção que os educandos possuem sobre a disciplina de Ciências e qual a importância desta para estes, questionando, também, de que forma os assuntos dessa disciplina são abordados pelo professor em sala de aula para relacionar com a perspectiva dos discentes como futuros alunos do Ensino Médio no ano de 2019. Traz-se como metodologia um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, com características exploratória e técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados mostram que os alunos apresentam limitação quanto ao entendimento do ensino de ciências e a maioria mencionou que irão sentir dificuldades no Ensino Médio, pois não se sentem preparados devido a aplicação reduzida de conteúdos nos anos finais da Educação Básica. Desta forma, apresentam-se fatores que contribuem para o insucesso no processo ensino-aprendizagem, os quais são necessários discutir com a escola junto à comunidade com objetivo de estabelecer ações que contribuam de forma efetiva para a melhoria do ensino de Ciências