Content of basil essential oil on a loam texture soil under water regimes and different harvest stages

The essential oil of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) has high economic value and is produced in the plant by secondary metabolism. Its quantity and composition tend to vary as a response of the plant to stress situations due to changes in the environment and phenological phase. This work aimed to evaluate the development, the chemical composition, content, and the yield of essential oil of basil rich in Linalool, as a function of the soil water tensions and the harvest stages, in a loam texture soil. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and consisted of three harvest times (BF - beginning of flowering,  FF - full flowering,  and EF - end of flowering) and five values of soil water tension to define when to irrigate (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kPa), totalizing 15 treatments. The irrigation in the soil water tension of 60 kPa generated a reduction in the content and the yield of essential oils compared with 20 kPa, only in the FF harvest stage. However, it did not modify the composition of the essential oil. Regardless of the soil water tension to define irrigation, the highest levels and yields of essential oil were found in the EF harvest stage. Harvest stages did not change the composition of the essential oil or the content of Linalool. In turn, the contents of the components Cineol, Camphor, ∝-Terpeneol, and Isobornyl acetate increased with the harvesting period from BF to EF. Eugenol had the opposite trend, reducing the content from BF to EF. Linalool, a component in greater proportion in essential oil, showed a higher content in soil water tensions up to 50 kPa, decreasing only by 60 kPa. In loam textured soils, it is recommended that basil producers, who aim to extract Linalool, irrigate when the soil water tension reaches up to 50 kPa, with the harvest at any stage of flowering

A computational literature review of football performance analysis through probabilistic topic modeling

Principe, V. A., de Souza Vale, R. G., de Castro, J. B. P., Carvano, L. M., Henriques, R. A. P., Lobo, V. J. D. A. E. S., & de Alkmim Moreira Nunes, R. (2022). A computational literature review of football performance analysis through probabilistic topic modeling. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55(2). [Advanced online publication on 4 April 2021]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-09998-8This research aims to illustrate the potential use of concepts, techniques, and mining process tools to improve the systematic review process. Thus, a review was performed on two online databases (Scopus and ISI Web of Science) from 2012 to 2019. A total of 9649 studies were identified, which were analyzed using probabilistic topic modeling procedures within a machine learning approach. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation method, chosen for modeling, required the following stages: 1) data cleansing, and 2) data modeling into topics for coherence and perplexity analysis. All research was conducted according to the standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in a fully computerized way. The computational literature review is an integral part of a broader literature review process. The results presented met three criteria: (1) literature review for a research area, (2) analysis and classification of journals, and (3) analysis and classification of academic and individual research teams. The contribution of the article is to demonstrate how the publication network is formed in this particular field of research, and how the content of abstracts can be automatically analyzed to provide a set of research topics for quick understanding and application in future projects.authorsversionpublishe

Projeto arte e vida de Van Gogh / Van gogh's art and life Project

O projeto “Arte e Vida de Van Gogh” foi realizado na Escola Municipal das Acácias, escola pública  localizada na Rua das Camélias, Parque Primavera, Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, durante o primeiro  semestre de 2021. O projeto foi coordenado pelo professor Fábio De Macedo, sob a supervisão da  professora Elinete Nascimento, contando com oito licenciandos do Pibid-Belas Artes 2020 da Universidade  Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro com bolsa da CAPES. Devido ao período da Pandemia da Covid 19  que impossibilitou atividades educativas presenciais com os alunos do 6° ao 9° ano do Ensino  Fundamental, utilizamos as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação. Para tanto, buscamos  na literatura especializada conhecer sobre Metodologias Ativas, Sala de Aula Invertida, Ensino Híbrido  e Gamificação, possibilidades metodológicas e uso de ferramentas não presenciais. Para basearmos  as habilidades e competências a serem desenvolvidas consideramos os marcos normativos vigentes,  como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular de 2018, o Plano Pedagógico do curso de Licenciatura em  Belas Artes e o Projeto Político Pedagógico da citada escola. Os alunos foram devidamente  sensibilizados a fazer a inscrição através do Google formulário que contou com aulas síncronas através  do Google Meet e assíncronas a partir de videoaulas postadas no canal do Youtube criado para o  projeto e disponibilizadas no grupo do WhatsApp e plataforma Google Sala de aula. Além das  videoaulas foram disponibilizados quiz, imagens, links e textos. Os trabalhos dos alunos foram expostos  em mural virtual através do Padlet. Os alunos foram avaliados através da participação, formulários,  jogos e dos trabalhos recebidos. Realizamos avaliações diagnósticas, antes da realização do projeto,  avaliações formativas e avaliação qualitativa durante todo o processo de ensino-aprendizagem mediado  por debates em uma relação pedagógica horizontal. A experiência se demonstrou um desafio enriquecedor  à formação de todos os atores envolvidos: pesquisadores, docentes, licenciandos, alunos e direção da  unidade escolar.

Caracterização físico-química de iogurte grego probiótico de Lactobacillus acidophilus endocapsulados com calda de cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

Os últimos anos possuíram o foco crescente na saúde e na qualidade de vida, comer alimentos saudáveis e reduzir a ingestão de alimentos ricos em açúcar, sal e gordura. Essa busca pela qualidade de vida tem aumentado a busca por alimentos funcionais, em particular, os probióticos são uma das categorias mais lucrativas no mercado de alimentos funcionais.  Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é desenvolver um iogurte probiótico enriquecido e saborizado com fruto não convencional da Amazônia, o cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), visando assim, contribuir para a procura e o crescimento da domesticação de frutos não convencionais dessa região. Para tanto, foi realizada a análises físico-química, viabilidade do microrganismo e vida de prateleira. Foram obtidos, portanto, umidade (64,98%), cinzas (0,61%), carboidratos (25,68%), valor calórico (156Kcal/100g), acidez titulável (0,70%), pH (4,34), lipídeos (3,84%) e proteínas (4,89%). Quanto a viabilidade da adição do microrganismo encapsulado ao iogurte, o estudo mostrou uma boa taxa de sobrevivência (aproximadamente 62%) dos microrganismos após 35 dias. A diferença de tratamento não provocou grandes alterações do ponto de vista físico-químico nos iogurtes produzidos, entretanto, há a necessidade de novos estudos que possam realizar análises mais aprofundadas do produto como análise sensorial, microbiológica e verifiquem a concentração de microrganismos probióticos presentes no produto após a acidificação

The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery : defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery. Results: The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p <0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%). Conclusion: The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal.Peer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (&gt;66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions