Patterns of geographic distribution of the extra-Amazonian Brazilian species of Schefflera J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. (Araliaceae)

Uma análise da distribuição geográfica de Schefflera no Brasil extra-amazônico foi realizada com base em mapas atualizados plotando as ocorrências conhecidas das 26 espécies do gênero encontradas nessa grande área: S. angustissima (Marchal) Frodin, S. aurata Fiaschi, S. botumirimensis Fiaschi & Pirani, S. burchellii (Seem.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. calva (Cham.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. capixaba Fiaschi, S. cephalantha (Harms) Frodin, S. cordata (Taub.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. distractiflora (Harms) Frodin, S. fruticosa Fiaschi & Pirani, S. gardneri (Seem.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. glaziovii (Taub.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. grandigemma Fiaschi, S. kollmannii Fiaschi, S. longipetiolata (Pohl ex DC.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. lucumoides (Decne. & Planch. ex Marchal) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin, S. malmei (Harms) Frodin, S. morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyermark & Frodin, S. racemifera Fiaschi & Frodin, S. ruschiana Fiaschi & Pirani, S. selloi (Marchal) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. succinea Frodin & Fiaschi, S. villosissima Fiaschi & Pirani, S. vinosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin & Fiaschi e S. aff. varisiana Frodin. Dois centros de endemismo associados com áreas de altitude elevada foram reconhecidos: Cadeia do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais e florestas montanas do Estado do Espírito Santo. Os padrões de distribuição geográfica ilustrados são discutidos com base em dados obtidos para outros grupos de angiospermas e em estudos fitogeográficos das principais fitocórias do Brasil extra-amazônico. São apresentadas também hipóteses acerca de prováveis relações filogenéticas entre alguns táxons, visando à busca de possíveis correlações entre estas e a biogeografia do grupo.An analysis of the geographic distribution of the 26 species of Schefflera from extra-Amazonian Brazil was prepared based on maps depicting the known occurrences of the taxa. These include: S. angustissima (Marchal) Frodin, S. aurata Fiaschi, S. botumirimensis Fiaschi & Pirani, S. burchellii (Seem.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. calva (Cham.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. capixaba Fiaschi, S. cephalantha (Harms) Frodin, S. cordata (Taub.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. distractiflora (Harms) Frodin, S. fruticosa Fiaschi & Pirani, S. gardneri (Seem.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. glaziovii (Taub.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. grandigemma Fiaschi, S. kollmannii Fiaschi, S. longipetiolata (Pohl ex DC.) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. lucumoides (Decne. & Planch. ex Marchal) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin, S. malmei (Harms) Frodin, S. morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyermark & Frodin, S. racemifera Fiaschi & Frodin, S. ruschiana Fiaschi & Pirani, S. selloi (Marchal) Frodin & Fiaschi, S. succinea Frodin & Fiaschi, S. villosissima Fiaschi & Pirani, S. vinosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin & Fiaschi e S. aff. varisiana Frodin. Two centers of endemism associated with high-altitude areas were recognized: Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state and montane forests of Espírito Santo state. The geographic patterns found are discussed with regard to other groups of angiosperms, as well as to phytogeographic studies of the main extra-Amazonian Brazilian phytocoria. Some hypothesis concerning probable phylogenetic relationships among some taxa are analysed in the light of the observed distribution patterns.FAPESPCNP

Systematics and Biogeography of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera (Araliaceae)

Schefflera is the largest genus in the angiosperm family Araliaceae, with about 900 species, of which c. 300 belong to five subgeneric groups in the Neotropical region. Previous phylogenetic studies of Schefflera have been limited to a small number of species from this region, and very little is know about phylogenetic relationships in the Brazilian-centered Didymopanax group of this genus. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the diversity and evolution of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera, I investigated the systematics of these plants in the broader context of the entire Neotropical clade. The main goals were (1) to investigate pollen diversity in Neotropical species of Schefflera; (2) to test the monophyly of these species; (3) to provide a taxonomic revision for species of the Didymopanax group of Schefflera; and (4) to investigate evolutionary relationships within the Didymopanax group. Pollen morphology exhibits an uneven variability across Neotropical Schefflera. For example, pollen characters support the distinctiveness of the Didymopanax group from all remaining groups. Moreover, S. tremula has a distinctive pollen morphology compared to remaining species of the Sciodaphyllum group. However, among the remaining groups of Neotropical Schefflera, pollen characters are less distinctive. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the monophyly of the Neotropical species of Schefflera, and helped to identify four major clades. One of these clades includes subclades representing the Didymopanax and Crepinella groups, while another clade includes all species from groups Cotylanthes and Sciodaphyllum, excluding Schefflera tremula, a finding that corroborates pollen data. In the formal taxonomic revision of Didymopanax, 37 species are recognized, together with three insufficiently known species. The revision also includes updated species circumscriptions and nomenclatural adjustments for 26 names. Phylogenetic analyses among Didymopanax species recovered four morphologically and geographically coherent clades (Atlantic Forest, Imeri, Five-carpellate and Savannic clades), but their phylogenetic inter-relationships were generally weakly supported. Poorly resolved relationships in the Savannic clade suggests a rapid diversification in the campos rupestres vegetation, which accounts for the greatest species richness in the group. The presence of multiple Didymopanax lineages in the Amazonian and Atlantic forests corroborates that these regions may be composite biogeographic areas

Flora da Bahia: Dichapetalaceae

A floristic inventory of Dichapetalaceae species from Bahia State is presented. Two genera and four species are recognized, all endemic to the Atlantic Forest: Stephanopodium blanchetianum, S. gracile, S. magnifolium, and Tapura follii. Tapura is, for the first time, reported in this State, where it is known by only one fertile collection. Descriptions, illustrations and identification key are provided, as well as, geographic distribution maps, and comments on the habitat and phenology of the species in the State.O levantamento florístico de Dichapetalaceae para o estado da Bahia é aqui apresentado. São reconhecidos dois gêneros e quatro espécies, todas endêmicas da Mata Atlântica: Stephanopodium blanchetianum, S. gracile, S. magnifolium e Tapura follii. Tapura é, pela primeira vez, citado para o estado, onde é conhecido por apenas uma amostra fértil. São fornecidas descrições, ilustrações e chave de identificação, assim como mapas de distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre o hábitat e a fenologia das espécies no estado

Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: cardiopteridaceae

The study of the family Cardiopteridaceae constitutes a contribution to the project "Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil". The family is represented in the area by one species, Citronella paniculata (Mart.) Howard, which has been collected just in one montane forest at the study area. A description, illustrations and comments on the geographic distribution and habitat of this species are presented.O estudo da família Cardiopteridaceae constitui contribuição ao projeto "Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil". A família está representada na área por uma espécie, Citronella paniculata (Mart.) Howard, que foi coletada em apenas um capão de mata da área de estudo. São apresentadas uma descrição, ilustrações e comentários sobre o habitat e a distribuição geográfica dessa espécie

Las marcgraviaceae (ericales) de brasil: las especies del complejo norantea

Se presenta un estudio taxonómico de las especies brasileñas del complejo Norantea (géneros Marcgraviastrum, Norantea, Sarcopera y Schwartzia) de la familia neotropical Marcgraviaceae. Se analizan diversos aspectos relativos a la clasificación, la nomenclatura y las afinidades genéricas. Marcgraviastrum posee tres especies en Brasil, dos de las cuales son endémicas; Norantea está representado por una especie; Sarcopera presenta tres especies; mientras que Schwartzia está representado en la flora brasileña por cuatro especies (todas endémicas). Se presentan las claves para reconocer los géneros de la familia y las claves para separar las especies del complejo Norantea presentes en Brasil, así como también las descripciones de las especies, sus sinónimos, su distribución geográfica y se comentan algunas observaciones morfológicas y ecológicas. Las especies Marcgraviastrum pendulum, Sarcopera anomala, Sarcopera oxystylis y Schwartzia weddelliana se excluyen de la flora de Brasil. Por último, se propone una nueva especie perteneciente al género Schwartzia

Flora da Bahia: Marcgraviaceae

The floristic account of the Marcgraviaceae from Bahia State is presented. Four genera and eight species were registered: Marcgravia coriacea, M. polyantha, Norantea guianensis, Schwartzia adamantium, S. brasiliensis, S. geniculatiflora, S. jucuensis, and Souroubea guianensis. Identification keys and descriptions are presented for genera and species, as well as geographic distribution maps in the state, illustrations, and general comments on the species. The genus Norantea is recorded in Bahia for the first time.É apresentado o levantamento florístico de Marcgraviaceae para o estado da Bahia. Foram reconhecidos quatro gêneros e oitoespécies: Marcgravia coriacea, M. polyantha, Norantea guianensis, Schwartzia adamantium, S. brasiliensis, S. geniculatiflora, S. jucuensis e Souroubea guianensis. São apresentadas chaves de identificação de gêneros e espécies, descrições, mapas de distribuição, ilustrações e comentários das espécies. O gênero Norantea é registrado pela primeira vez no Estado

Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles - novel serum biomarkers in whales and Orca

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a family of phylogenetically conserved calcium-dependent enzymes which cause post-translational protein deimination. This can result in neoepitope generation, affect gene regulation and allow for protein moonlighting via functional and structural changes in target proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry cargo proteins and genetic material and are released from cells as part of cellular communication. EVs are found in most body fluids where they can be useful biomarkers for assessment of health status. Here, serum-derived EVs were profiled, and post-translationally deiminated proteins and EV-related microRNAs are described in 5 ceataceans: minke whale, fin whale, humpback whale, Cuvier's beaked whale and orca. EV-serum profiles were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. EV profiles varied between the 5 species and were identified to contain deiminated proteins and selected key inflammatory and metabolic microRNAs. A range of proteins, critical for immune responses and metabolism were identified to be deiminated in cetacean sera, with some shared KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins relating to immunity and physiology, while some KEGG pathways were species-specific. This is the first study to characterise and profile EVs and to report deiminated proteins and putative effects of protein-protein interaction networks via such post-translationald deimination in cetaceans, revealing key immune and metabolic factors to undergo this post-translational modification. Deiminated proteins and EVs profiles may possibly be developed as new biomarkers for assessing health status of sea mammals

Report from Working Group 3: Beyond the standard model physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

This is the third out of five chapters of the final report [1] of the Workshop on Physics at HL-LHC, and perspectives on HE-LHC [2]. It is devoted to the study of the potential, in the search for Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, of the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the LHC, defined as $3$ ab$^{-1}$ of data taken at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, and of a possible future upgrade, the High Energy (HE) LHC, defined as $15$ ab$^{-1}$ of data at a centre-of-mass energy of 27 TeV. We consider a large variety of new physics models, both in a simplified model fashion and in a more model-dependent one. A long list of contributions from the theory and experimental (ATLAS, CMS, LHCb) communities have been collected and merged together to give a complete, wide, and consistent view of future prospects for BSM physics at the considered colliders. On top of the usual standard candles, such as supersymmetric simplified models and resonances, considered for the evaluation of future collider potentials, this report contains results on dark matter and dark sectors, long lived particles, leptoquarks, sterile neutrinos, axion-like particles, heavy scalars, vector-like quarks, and more. Particular attention is placed, especially in the study of the HL-LHC prospects, to the detector upgrades, the assessment of the future systematic uncertainties, and new experimental techniques. The general conclusion is that the HL-LHC, on top of allowing to extend the present LHC mass and coupling reach by $20-50\%$ on most new physics scenarios, will also be able to constrain, and potentially discover, new physics that is presently unconstrained. Moreover, compared to the HL-LHC, the reach in most observables will, generally more than double at the HE-LHC, which may represent a good candidate future facility for a final test of TeV-scale new physics