Development and stability of candy in soursop mass

The objective was to develop and characterize candies in soursop mass, replacing sucrose partially with glucose syrup, and to evaluate the stability during 90 days of storage under different temperatures. Two formulations of candies were prepared with sucrose substitution by glucose syrup, as well as a standard sample with sucrose alone. They were heated and concentrated to 71 °Brix for packaging in polyethylene packages. Afterwards, the candies were stored at 10 and 20 °C in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) incubator and 28.1 °C (ambient temperature) for 90 days. During storage, the physical-chemical analyzes were performed: water content, total solids, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids, water content and activity. It wasverified that the storage conditions caused reduction of the values of water content and water activity, besides increasing the values of total solids, total soluble solids and Ratio for all samples and storage conditions. The determining factor for the stability and preservation of product characteristics was the storage temperature; Being 10 ° C the ideal temperature for a better preservation of the candies in the standard formulation and 20 ° C for the added formulations of glucose syrup

Síndrome de Patau: relato de um caso de trissomia completa do cromossomo 13

RESUMO: A Síndrome de Patau é uma anomalia cromossômica causada pela presença de uma cópia extra do cromossomo 13. Apresenta malformações congênitas, incluindo comprometimento do sistema nervoso central, cardíaco, circulatório e urogenital, além de defeitos estruturais faciais e déficit intelectual. A causa genética pode estar ligada a três formas distintas: mosaicismo da trissomia do 13, translocação do 13 ou trissomia completa do 13. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a literatura a respeito da Síndrome de Patau e relatar um caso da trissomia completa do cromossomo 13. Os dados foram coletados do prontuário da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Anápolis. Realizou-se uma revisão do prontuário e uma revisão literária utilizando principalmente a palavra-chave síndrome de Patau. Paciente A.C.B.F., feminino, pais sem consanguinidade sanguínea. O caso em estudo coincide com a literatura, sugerindo que a idade materna avançada tem sido um fator na ocorrência da síndrome de Patau

Sarcoma de Kaposi, sífilis e neurocriptococose em paciente HIV positivo

A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tornou-se um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo nas últimas décadas. A principal característica do HIV é a supressão do sistema imunológico pelo ataque aos linfócitos T CD4+ que enfraquece o sistema imunológico e torna o indivíduo suscetível a infecções oportunistas,neoplasias secundárias e doenças neurológicas. Este estudo objetiva relatar e discutir o caso de um paciente HIV positivo que apresentou concomitantemente Sarcoma de Kaposi (SK), sífilis e neurocriptococose, todas doenças relacionadas ao HIV. Trata-se de um paciente masculino, 31 anos, que procurou o serviço do hospital de referência com lesões cutâneas violáceas em face, membros superiores e tórax, com três meses de evolução. Ao exame dermatológico exibiu placas eritematovioláceas infiltrativas, com bordas regulares, elevadas, descamativas e com diâmetros variáveis. Obteve sorologia positiva para anticorpos anti-HIV e VDRL, iniciando protocolos de terapiaantirretroviral (TARV) e de tratamento para sífilis. O paciente retornou ao serviço 30 dias após alta hospitalar, com queixa de cefaleia de forte intensidade, refratária à analgesia com opioides, associada a vômitos persistentes. Realizada tomografia computadorizada de crânio, sem alterações, e, posteriormente, punção liquórica que evidenciou a presença de criptococo. Iniciado esquema terapêutico para neurocriptococose e realizadas outras duas punções liquóricas para alívio do quadro álgico. Este relato está de acordo com o que presume a literatura médica, reafirmandoque pacientes HIV positivos apresentam maior predisposição para condições como o SK, a sífilis e a neurocriptococose. Dessa forma, o estudo ilustra com ineditismo a ocorrência simultânea de complexas manifestações clínicas no mesmo paciente imunossuprimido.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become a worldwide public health problem in recent decades. The main characteristic of HIV is the suppression of the immune system by attacking CD4+ T lymphocytes, which weakens the immune system and makes the individual susceptible to opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurological diseases. This study aims to report and discuss the case of an HIV-positive patient who presented concomitantly Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), primary syphilis, and neurocryptococcosis, all HIV-related. This is a 31-year-old male patient who sought care at the reference hospital with violaceous skin lesions on the face, upper limbs and chest, with a three-month evolution. Dermatological examination showed infiltrative erythematous-violet plaques, with regular, elevated, scaly edges and varying diameters. He obtained positive serology for anti-HIV and VDRL antibodies, initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment protocols for primary syphilis. The patient returned to the service 30 days after hospital discharge, complaining of severe headache, refractory to analgesia with opioids, associated with persistent vomiting. Cranial computed tomography was performed and did not demonstrate alterations; later CSF puncture showed the presence of cryptococcus. A therapeutic scheme for neurocryptococcosis was started, and two other CSF punctures were performed to relieve the pain. This report agrees with the medical literature, reaffirming that HIV-positive patients present a greater predisposition to conditions such as KS, syphilis,and neurocryptococcosis. Thus, the study illustrates with uniqueness the simultaneous occurrence of complex clinical manifestations in the same immunosuppressed patient

Anesthesia of Agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) with Dextroketamine and Midazolam

 Background: Research has increasingly focused on wild animals, and this requires the use of chemical restraints that are safe for both the species and the team involved. Dextroketamine is the levorotatory ketamine isomer that has been used on domestic species as an alternative that is more potent and safer than the racemic form. Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that induces muscle relaxation and minimal cardiorespiratory changes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of dextroketamine and midazolam can be safely used for the chemical restraint of agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha), and the effects of this protocol on physiological and anesthetic parameters. Materials, Methods & Results: This study was carried out under conditions similar to those found for wild animals in captivity or in zoos. A pre-evaluation was also made to compare the baseline values of this study with those of other studies on the same species. Nine healthy adult agoutis were used, weighing between 1.5 kg and 2 kg. All the parameters were evaluated and recorded before the drugs were applied, and this was considered the baseline moment (M0). The dextroketamine and midazolam combination was then administered intramuscularly, in the same syringe, in dosages of 15 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. Successive evaluations were made every 10 min over a period of 40 min (M10, M20, M30 and M40). The latency stage of anesthesia, effective stage and recovery stage were observed. Heart rate (HR) and breathing frequency (f), body temperature (BT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and electrocardiogram were recorded. HR and SBP showed no significant difference between moments. Breathing frequency (f) showed a significant decline at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). BT decreased from the moment the drugs were administered until the end of the experimental period, with a significant difference between M0 and M40, and M10 and M40 (P < 0.05). SpO2 decreased significantly at M10 and M20 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the duration and amplitude of the P wave or in the duration of the QRS complex, QT interval and amplitude of the R wave. Regarding the PR interval, there was a significant difference only at M40 when compared to baseline values (P < 0.05). No arrhythmia was observed. An evaluation of the effects of anesthesia indicated that the animals had an average latency stage of 2 min, an effective stage of 87 min, and an average recovery stage of 111 min. Adverse effects observed during the anesthetic recovery period consisted of tearing, salivation, tongue protrusion, vocalization and chewing reflex. Discussion: The results indicated that the association of anesthetic drugs under study caused minimal changes in the animals’ physiological parameters, except for the breathing frequency (f), which declined considerably, resulting in a reduction in SpO2, which was compensated during the study. In addition, there was a rapid onset of restraint and a satisfactory duration. Thus, from the cardiorespiratory standpoint, the combination of dextroketamine and midazolam in the doses used provides a safe anesthetic protocol for agoutis (Dasyprocta prymnolopha) and can be used for the chemical restraint of these animals for the performance of non-invasive and short-term procedures

Universal Screening of SARS-CoV-2 of Oncology Healthcare Workers — a Brazilian experience

The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil and Latin America was reported on February 26, 2020, in São Paulo. The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has placed unprecedented strain on health-care services worldwide. Asymptomatic health-care workers (HCW) are a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, especially to immunocompromised Oncology patients. Screening of these HCWs may help contain transmission and isolate only those who require it. At Centro de Terapia Oncológica (CTO), an Oncology clinic in Petrópolis, RJ —Brazil, all HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in order to isolate those who were asymptomatic/symptomatic and positive for the virus. They were all tested through IgM/IgG rapid testing and those who had symptoms were also tested with nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests besides IgM/IgG reactivity. Amongst the 60 tested employees, 4 were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and were isolated. This method may be useful for health-care services to detect asymptomatic HCW and maintain workers’ and patients’ health, as transmission probability could be reduced while avoiding becoming short-staffed during this time of crisis

COMPORTAMENTO INFORMACIONAL DOS IDOSOS ATRAVÉS DOS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO

Aborda a relação entre os idosos e os meios de comunicação existentes, levando em consideração as transformações advindas das evoluções tecnológicas, que cada vez mais são inseridas em seu cotidiano. Destaca a necessidade de realizar estudos voltados para esse tipo de usuário, a fim de apresentar dificuldades que eles enfrentam na utilização dos meios de comunicações atuais. Objetiva identificar os meios de comunicações utilizados pelos idosos como forma de adquirir informações e especificar quais suas preferências e dificuldades ao utilizá-los. Emprega como metodologia a pesquisa exploratória e descritiva tendo em vista que se buscou informações através da aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas de forma aleatória, com idosos a partir de 60 anos de idade, em diversas localidades da cidade do Natal/RN. Constatou-se que os meios de comunicação mais utilizados pelos idosos são a Televisão e o Rádio e com relação à era digital, 77% dos pesquisados possuem dificuldades em obter informações a partir da Internet. Percebe-se que todos idosos entendem a necessidade das pessoas estarem bem informadas, utilizando todos os meios que são disponibilizados, tais como: jornais, tvs, redes sociais, ou seja, os diversos meios de comunicação

Controle químico de parreira-brava (Cissampelos glaberrimay)

The aim of this study was to find a chemical alternative for the control of C. g/aberrima, a weed that has became a serious problem in sugar cane plantations. The post emergent herbicides tested included: glyphosate, by itself and mixed with carfentrazone or sulfentrazone, metribuzin, 2,4-D + diuron, acetochlor, ametryne and oxyfluorfen mixed with diuron and acetochlor. In preemergence, oxytluorfen mixed with diuron, 2,4-D/picloram, clomazone, imazapyr, carfentrazone and sulfentrazone, tebuthiuron, 2,4-D/picloram, clomazone mixed with imazapyr, and diuron/hexazinone mixed with MSMA were tested at recommended rates. A third trial was setup under semi controlled conditions aiming at a pre emergence controI of this plant. A PVC cylindrical container containing 42 I of soil was used. The rhizomes were placed at two differents depths: 30 and 55 em, In relation to postemergence herbicide treatments only oxyfluorfen mixed with acetochlor showed good control during the first 30 days after application, after which this treatment started to lose effect. The pre emergent treatments with 2,4-D/picloram and tebuthiuron showed the best control over 90 days and the treatments with imazapyr mixed with oxyfluorfen and clomazone resulted in an excellent control during 60 days in preemergence. The treatment with 2,4-D/picloram did not cause toxicity to the crop. None ofthe preemergence treatments killed the rhizomes at 55 em depth, but 2,4-D/picloram caused death ofthe new shoots, this being the most promising herbicide to control this weed.O trabalho teve por objetivo encontrar uma alternativa para o controle químico da parreira-brava, uma planta daninha que vem se constituindo em sério problema para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Os herbicidas utilizados em pós-emergência foram glyphosate, isolado e em mistura em tanque com carfentrazone e com sulfentrazone, metribuzin, 2,4-D+diuron, acetochlor, ametryne e oxytluorfen em mistura com diuron e com acetochlor. Em pré-ernergência foram testadas as misturas oxytluorfen+diuron, oxyfluorfen+2,4-D/picloram, oxyfluorfen+clomazone, oxyfluorfen+imazapyr, oxyfluorfen+carfentrazone oxytluorfen+sulfentrazone, 2,4-D/picloram, clomazone+imazapyr, diuron/hexazinone+MSMA, e o tebuthiuron isolado, todos em suas doses recomendadas. Um terceiro ensaio foi realizado sob condições semicontroladas, visando o controle em pré-emergência, no qual os rizomas foram colocados em duas profundidades diferentes, 30 e 55 em, em tubos de PVC com capacidade de 42 Ide solo e submetido aos seguintes tratamentos: 2,4-D/picloram (12001320, 1440/384 e 1680/448 g/ha), 2,4-D/picloram+imazapyr (1200/320+500,1200/320+750 e 1200/320+ I000 g/ha), 2,4-D/picloram+metribuzin (1200/ 320+1920, 1200/320+2400 e 1200/320+2880 g/ha), imazapyr (750 g/ha) e metribuzin (2400 g/ha). Como resultado do controle químico em pós-emergência, apenas o tratamento contendo a mistura oxyfluorfen+acetochlor proporcionou um bom controle durante os primeiros 30 dias após a aplicação, quando começou a perder eficiência. Os tratamentos em pré-emergência com 2,4-D/picloram e tebuthiuron proporcionaram excelente controle da planta daninha durante 90 dias, e os tratamentos com imazapyr em 'mistura com oxytluorfen e com clomazone resultaram em excelente controle durante os primeiros 60 dias, após os quais a eficiência diminuiu. O tratamento com 2,4-D/picloram não causou intoxicação à cultura. Nenhum dos tratamentos em pré-emergência matou os rizomas que se encontravam até 55 em de profundidade, mas o 2,4-D/picloram causou mortalidade das brotações, mostrando ser o herbicida mais promissor no controle dessa planta daninha

The effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on the healing colonic anastomosis in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of pneumoperitoneum on colonic anastomosis healing. METHODS: Colonic anastomosis was performed in 120 rats divided into four groups: Group I - pneumoperitoneum before laparotomy, Group II - pneumoperitoneum after laparorrhaphy, Group III - pneumoperitoneum before laparotomy and after laparorrhaphy, Group IV - no pneumoperitoneum (control group). Pneumoperitoneum pressure was 5 mmHg. Animals were killed on the 3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative day. Hhistopathological features, anastomosis breaking strength, collagen histomorphometry and hydroxyproline concentration were assessed. RESULTS: Breaking strength between groups: (day 3, p=0.165; day 7, p=0.219; day 14, p=0.539). Histopathology revealed that group II had, on day 7, less infiltration of mononuclear cells (p=0.006), greater infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (p=0.001) and greater necrosis (p=0.001); and on day 14, less fibrosis. Histomorphometry revealed a decrease in collagen in groups I and III (p<0.001) on day 7 and an increase in groups I and II on day 14 (p<0.001). Hydroxyproline concentration was similar for groups on days 3 (p=0.152), 7 (p=0.913) or 14 (p=0.981). CONCLUSION: Carbon dioxide does not impair the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats

Culturable bacteria associated with Anopheles darlingi and their paratransgenesis potential

Background Malaria remains a major public health problem in South America, mostly in the Amazon region. Among newly proposed ways of controlling malaria transmission to humans, paratransgenesis is a promising alternative. Paratransgenesis aims to inhibit the development of parasites within the vector through the action of genetically modified bacteria. The first step towards successful paratransgenesis in the Amazon is the identification of Anopheles darlingi symbiotic bacteria, which are transmitted vertically among mosquitoes, and are not pathogenic to humans. Methods Culturable bacteria associated with An. darlingi and their breeding sites were isolated by conventional microbiological techniques. Isolated strains were transformed with a GFP expressing plasmid, pSPT-1-GFP, and reintroduced in mosquitoes by feeding. Their survival and persistence in the next generation was assessed by the isolation of fluorescent bacteria from eggs, larvae, pupae and adult homogenates. Results A total of 179 bacterial strains were isolated from samples from two locations, Coari and Manaus. The predominant genera identified in this study were Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Bacillus, Elizabethkingia, Stenotrophomonas and Pantoea. Two isolated strains, Serratia-Adu40 and Pantoea-Ovo3, were successfully transformed with the pSPT-1-GFP plasmid and expressed GFP. The fluorescent bacteria fed to adult females were transferred to their eggs, which persisted in larvae and throughout metamorphosis, and were detected in adult mosquitoes of the next generation. Conclusion Serratia-Adu40 and Pantoea-Ovo3 are promising candidates for paratransgenesis in An. darlingi. Further research is needed to determine if these bacteria are vertically transferred in nature