Effect of heavy metal concentration on the physiological responses and heavy metal accumulation of three tropical plant species used for phytoremediation of landfill leachate

Resumen Este estudio evaluó el efecto de las concentraciones de los metales pesados (MP) Hg+2, Cd+2, Cr+6, Pb+2, en la respuesta fisiológica y acumulacion de MP de las especies: Colocasia esculenta (Ce), Heliconia psittacorum (He) y Gynerium sagittatum (Gs), sembradas en humedales subsuperficiales de flujo horizontal (HCFSH) para el tratamiento de lixiviados de relleno sanitario (LX). Se tuvo un diseño factorial con 16 reactores operados en dos bloques experimentales. Clorofila, potencial hidrico y concentracion de MP fueron medidos en tejidos de las plantas. Diferencias significativas (p hoja > tallo. Ce y en algunos casos He, mostraron mayor capacidad de eliminación de MP. El factor de translocación (FT) fue bajo en estas especies. He fue la especie que mostró FT > 1 para Pb (II), Cr (total) y Hg (II) y 0.4-0.9 para Cd (II) y Cr (VI). Las plantas evaluadas demuestran la potencialidad para la fitorremediación de LX y todas ellas se pueden clasificar como acumuladores de estos MP. Abstract This study evaluated the effect of the different concentrations of heavy metals (HM) (Hg+2, Cd+2, Cr+6, Pb+2), on the physiological response and HM accumulation of three plant species: Colocasia esculenta (Ce), Heliconia psittacorum (He) y Gynerium sagittatum (Gs), planted in subsurface horizontal flow wetland for landfill leachate (LL) treatment. Factorial design was used with 16 bioreactors were operated in two experimental blocks. Chlorophyll, water potential and heavy metal content in plant tissues were measured. The results obtained showed significant differences (p leaf> stem. Ce and in some cases He, showed higher removal capacity of HM. The translocation factor (TF) was lower. He was the specie that showed higher TF> 1 for Pb (II), Cr (total) and Hg (II) and 0.4-0.9 for Cd (II) y Cr (VI). The tested plants demonstrated that they are suitable for phytoremediation of LL and all of them can be categorized as HM accumulators

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from municipal wastewater through chemically enhanced primary treatment

(Spa) Se evaluó la presencia de compuestos farmacéuticos de los grupos terapéuticos antiepilépticos, agentes hipolipemiantes, analgésicos antiinflamatorios y tranquilizantes en tres jornadas de muestreo, además se estimó la eficiencia de eliminación mediante un tratamiento primario avanzado (TPA) con procesos de coagulación, floculación y sedimentación en la planta de tratamiento de agua residual de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). De los compuestos medidos, 10 estuvieron por encima del límite de detección de la técnica analítica usada: carbamazepina, 10,11-Dihidro-10,11-dihidroxicarbamazepina, gabapentina, ácido fenofíbrico, gemfibrozilo, diclofenaco, ibuprofeno, ketoprofeno, naproxeno y paracetamol, en concentraciones que oscilaron entre 0.15 y 10 µgL-1 en el afluente. Después del tratamiento, la mayoría de compuestos tuvieron eficiencias de eliminación inferiores al 30%, siendo el paracetamol y naproxeno los que obtuvieron los mejores porcentajes de 98.1 y 57.1%, respectivamente. Estas eficiencias de eliminación se relacionaron no solo al proceso de coagulación floculación, el cual es favorable para compuestos lipofílicos, sino también a la biodegradación por la acción de las bacterias presentes en la matriz de agua residual.(Eng) The presence of pharmaceutical compounds of therapeutic groups antiepileptics, hypolipemic agents, anti - inflammatory analgesic and tranquilizers were evaluated in three samplings campaigns, besides, the removal efficiency chemically enhanced primary treatm ent with coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes in the wastewater treatment plant of Cali city (Colombia) was estimated. 10 compounds were above the limit of quantitation of analytical technique used: carbamazepine, 10,11 - dihydro - 10,11 - dihyd roxycarbamazepine (CBZ - Diol), gabapentin, fenofibric acid, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and paracetamol, in concentrations from affluent between 0.15 and 10 μgL - 1 . After the treatment, the majority of compounds had removal effi ciency lower than 30%, while the paracetamol and naproxen had the highest removal of 98.1% and 57.1%, respectively. These removal efficiencies could linked not only with the coagulation - flocculation process, which is fair for lipophilic substances, but als o with the biodegradation action of bacterial present in the wastewater

Efecto de la concentración de metales pesados en la respuesta fisiológica y capacidad de acumulación de metales de tres especies vegetales tropicales empleadas en la fitorremediación de lixiviados provenientes de rellenos sanitarios

This study evaluated the effect of the different concentrations of heavy metals (HM) (Hg+2,  Cd+2,  Cr+6,  Pb+2),  on  the  physiological response and HM accumulation of three plant species: Colocasia esculenta (Ce), Heliconia psittacorum (He) y Gynerium  sagittatum (Gs), planted in subsurface horizontal flow wetland for landfill leachate (LL) treatment. Factorial design was used with 16 bioreactors were operated in two experimental blocks. Chlorophyll, water potential and heavy metal content in plant tissues were measured. The results obtained showed significant differences (p < 0,05) between chlorophyll values and tested variables over time. The water potential did not differ between the three plant species, as all values were found in a range between -0.2 and -2.0 MPa. The distribution of heavy metals in plant tissues decreased in the following order: root> leaf> stem. Ce and in some cases He, showed higher removal capacity of HM. The translocation factor (TF) was lower. He was the specie that showed higher TF> 1 for Pb (II), Cr (total) and Hg (II) and 0.4-0.9 for Cd (II) y Cr (VI). The tested plants demonstrated that they are suitable for phytoremediation of LL and all of them can be categorized as HM accumulators.Este estudio evaluó el efecto de las concentraciones de los metales pesados (MP) Hg+2, Cd+2, Cr+6, Pb+2, en la respuesta fisiológica y acumulacion de MP de las especies: Colocasia esculenta (Ce), Heliconia psittacorum (He) y Gynerium sagittatum (Gs), sembradas en humedales subsuperficiales de flujo horizontal (HCFSH) para el tratamiento de lixiviados de relleno sanitario (LX). Se tuvo un diseño factorial con 16 reactores operados en dos bloques experimentales. Clorofila, potencial hidrico y concentracion de MP fueron medidos en tejidos de las plantas. Diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en los valores de clorofila entre especies fueron observadas en el tiempo. El potencial hídrico no difirió entre las especies, los valores obtenidos fluctuaron entre -0,2 y -2,0 MPa. La distribución de los MP en los tejidos de las plantas decreció en el siguiente orden: raíz > hoja > tallo. Ce y en algunos casos He, mostraron mayor capacidad de eliminación de MP. El factor de translocación (FT) fue bajo en estas especies. He fue la especie que mostró FT > 1 para Pb (II), Cr (total) y Hg (II) y 0.4-0.9 para Cd (II) y Cr (VI). Las plantas evaluadas demuestran la potencialidad para la fitorremediación de LX y todas ellas se pueden clasificar como acumuladores de estos MP