Genetic resources of Olea europaea L. in the Garda Trentino olive groves revealed by ancient trees genotyping and parentage analysis of drupe embryos

5openInternationalItalian coauthor/editorThe area of the Garda Lake within the Trentino province (north of Italy) is the northernmost part of Europe where the Mediterranean species Olea europaea L. is traditionally cultivated. ‘Casaliva’ is claimed as the main variety traditionally grown in the Garda Trentino area (GT) from which a world renowned niche extra virgin olive oil is produced. Since a dominant presence of ‘Casaliva’ would link the fruit set success and yield to a self-pollination compatibility system, a deep genetic survey of the olive tree population in the GT has been performed with the aim of establishing the actual varietal composition and of understanding from which pollen donor the ‘Casaliva’ olives originate. Forty-four dierent genetic profiles were observed among the 205 leaf samples collected from 106 ancient trees through the analysis of 20 nuclear microsatellite markers. The varietal composition in modern orchards was also explored and the vast majority of the additional 151 trees analyzed showed the same genotype as the ancient accessions of ‘Casaliva’. The results support the long historical link of ‘Casaliva’ with the GT and, besides a high varietal homogeneity, they also revealed the presence of olive genetic resources essential to fruit production. In fact, the parentage analysis of 550 embryos from drupes of ‘Casaliva’ evidenced that a cross-fertilization system is favored and a list of candidate cultivars most suitable as local pollinizers of ‘Casaliva’ was identified.openMoreno-Sanz, P.; Lombardo, L.; Lorenzi, S.; Michelotti, F.; Grando, M.S.Moreno-Sanz, P.; Lombardo, L.; Lorenzi, S.; Michelotti, F.; Grando, M.S

Estudo da comercialização da produção familiar do P. A. Palmares na feira municipal de Parauapebas

RESUMO: A agricultura familiar é aquela em que o responsável pela gestão da produção (família), é também responsável pela mão de obra, e principal consumidor dos produtos. O objetivo principal da produção agrícola nessa modalidade é garantir a reprodução da família. A eficiência do modo de produção da agricultura familiar já foi comprovada por diversos autores, contudo, estudos têm mostrado que o retorno econômico para as famílias tem sido baixo, sendo a comercialização um ponto de estrangulamento. A esses agricultores poucas opções de comercialização são apresentadas. Nesse contexto as feiras livres surgem como alternativa para escoamento da produção agrícola familiar. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a Feira do Produtor Rural de Parauapebas, e sua importância na comercialização e na geração de renda para as famílias assentada no P. A. Palmares II. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009 e buscou base teórica a respeito de comercialização de produtos da agricultura familiar e feiras, em livros e artigos; Contou com visitas à feira; Coleta de dados a respeito de comercialização no arquivo da secretaria da feira; Conversa com os responsáveis pela feira e alguns feirantes das distintas localidades e consumidores e visitas ao Assentamento Palmares II. Verificou-se que a Feira do Produtor Rural em Parauapebas, criada em fevereiro de 1992, pela prefeitura de Parauapebas teve inicio com cerca de 20 produtores cadastrados e hoje possui 480. É mantida pela Prefeitura de Parauapebas através da Secretaria Municipal de Produção Rural que faz a manutenção do local de comercialização; disponibiliza oito caminhões, que percorrem diferentes rotas para conduzir os agricultores à feira; disponibiliza casa de apoio ao agricultor, para alojamento destes. Além de fornecer tratores e assistência técnica. Funciona terça feira, pela tarde, quarta feira pela manha, sexta pela tarde e sábado pela manha. Movimenta em média R$300.000,00 por mês, sendo os assentamentos Palmares I e II responsável por cerca de 48$ 34.578,15 em média por mês; seguido pelas olerícolas com 31% correspondendo a média mensal de R$27.090,67; e as frutas com 21$ 18.861,80, em média mensais. Conclui-se que a Feira do Produtor Rural no Município de Parauapebas apresenta-se como alternativa de geração de renda para essas famílias, que por sua vez gera melhorias no sistema produtivo familiar, e, traz benefícios aos consumidores, que encontram produtos de melhor qualidade, com preços mais baixos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agricultura familiar, comercialização, feira de produtor rural

Bolsa Família, information and prejudice: an analysis using experiments

Este artigo apresenta e discute os resultados de experimentos de lista e de informação realizados em pesquisas de opinião pública encomendadas pela Secretaria de Comunicação Social da Presidência da República, em 2014 e 2015. Com o experimento de lista, buscava-se captar e estimar um suposto preconceito latente em relação ao Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) e seus beneficiários; e, com os experimentos de informação, avaliar quais mensagens sobre os resultados positivos do programa seriam mais eficientes para mudar opiniões do público em relação a ele e aumentar o seu apoio junto à população brasileira. Até onde sabemos, essas foram umas das poucas vezes em que se utilizaram tais técnicas de pesquisa na elaboração de estratégias de comunicação do Governo Federal. Mas, ao contrário do que se esperava, encontrou-se um apoio latente ao PBF, e não uma rejeição, e as informações repassadas aos entrevistados não foram capazes de alterar suas opiniões.Este artículo presenta y discute los resultados de experimentos de lista y de información realizados en encuestas de opinión pública encargadas por la Secretaría de Comunicación Social de la Presidencia de la República, en 2014 y 2015. Con el experimento de lista, se buscaba captar y estimar un supuesto preconcepto latente en relación al Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) y sus beneficiarios; y, con los experimentos de información, evaluar qué mensajes sobre los resultados positivos del programa serían más eficientes para cambiar opiniones del público en relación a él y aumentar su apoyo junto a la población brasileña. Hasta donde sabemos, esas fueron unas de las pocas veces en que se utilizaron tales técnicas de investigación en la elaboración de estratégicas de comunicación del Gobierno Federal. Pero, al contrario de lo que se esperaba, se encontró un apoyo latente al PBF, y no un rechazo, y las informaciones repasadas a los entrevistados no fueron capaces de alterar sus opiniones.This article presents and discusses the results of a list and information experiments carried out in public opinion surveys commissioned by the Secretariat of Social Communication of the Presidency of the Republic in 2014 and 2015. The list experiment sought to capture and estimate a supposed latent prejudice in relation to the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and its beneficiaries. The information experiments sought to evaluate which messages about the positive results of the program would be more efficient to change public opinion about it and to increase its support amongst the Brazilian population. As far as we know, these were one of the few times in which such research techniques were used in the communication strategies elaboration of the Federal Government. However, and contrary to expectations, there was a latent support for the PBF, not a rejection, and the information passed on to interviewees was not able to change their opinions.Revista do Serviço Público - RSP, v. 70, n. 4, p. 551-575Políticas PúblicasISSN Eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN Impresso: 0034-924

Marcha das Vadias: análise da construção noticiosa empreendida pelos jornais Zero Hora e Sul 21

Este artigo se propõe a analisar os conteúdos propostos pelo Jornal Zero Hora e Sul 21 na cobertura da Marcha das vadias, realizada no dia 26 de maio de 2012, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Observou-se que Zero Hora seleciona conteúdos que ficam restritos à esfera informativa, não problematizando a questão. O Sul 21, por sua vez, aprofunda algumas questões relacionadas ao movimento, mas não utiliza o recurso das fontes para trazer uma pluralidade de olhares à construção noticios

Comparison of different methods for DNA-free RNA isolation from SK-N-MC neuroblastoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>RNA quality and quantity are important factors for ensuring the accuracy of gene expression analysis and other RNA-based downstream applications. Extraction of high quality nucleic acids is difficult from neuronal cells and brain tissues as they are particularly rich in lipids. In addition, most common RNA extraction methods are phenol-based, resulting in RNA that may be incompatible with downstream applications such as gene expression.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>In this work, a comparative analysis of the RNA quality obtained from SK-N-MC cells was performed using six commonly used RNA isolation kits: two phenol-based kits and four non-phenol based kits. The non-phenol based kits tested AxyPrep Multisource Total RNA Miniprep, RNeasy^®Mini, EasySpin and Ilustra RNAspin Mini RNA Isolation, all performed well and resulted in the isolation of high quality RNA, as evaluated by A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀. The RNA extracted with AxyPrep Multisource Total RNA Miniprep, RNeasy^®Mini and EasySpin provided the highest RNA yields. In particular, the RNA isolated by AxyPrep Multisource Total RNA Miniprep Kit did not show any detectable genomic DNA contamination even without previous DNase treatment or after RNA direct PCR amplification using universal 18S primers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The RNA extracted from SK-N-MC cells with AxyPrep Multisource Total RNA Miniprep Kit was superior with respect to the RNA quality and concentration. This kit does not use aggressive organic solvents and RNA free of genomic DNA was isolated without the need for DNase treatment.</p

Standardizing Terminology and Assessment for Orofacial Conditions in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : International, Multidisciplinary Consensus-based Recommendations

Objective. To propose multidisciplinary, consensus-based, standardization of operational terminology and method of assessment for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods. Using a sequential expert group–defined terminology and methods-of-assessment approach by (1) establishment of task force, (2) item generation, (3) working group consensus, (4) external expert content validity testing, and (5) multidisciplinary group of experts final Delphi survey consensus. Results. Seven standardized operational terms were defined: TMJ arthritis, TMJ involvement, TMJ arthritis management, dentofacial deformity, TMJ deformity, TMJ symptoms, and TMJ dysfunction. Conclusion. Definition of 7 operational standardized terms provides an optimal platform for communication across healthcare providers involved in JIA-TMJ arthritis management.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Management of Orofacial Manifestations of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Interdisciplinary Consensus-Based Recommendations

Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is common in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). TMJ arthritis can lead to orofacial symptoms, orofacial dysfunction, and dentofacial deformity with negative impact on quality of life. Management involves interdisciplinary collaboration. No current recommendations exist to guide clinical management. We undertook this study to develop consensus-based interdisciplinary recommendations for management of orofacial manifestations of JIA, and to create a future research agenda related to management of TMJ arthritis in children with JIA. Recommendations were developed using online surveying of relevant stakeholders, systematic literature review, evidence-informed generation of recommendations during 2 consensus meetings, and Delphi study iterations involving external experts. The process included disciplines involved in the care of orofacial manifestations of JIA: pediatric rheumatology, radiology, orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orofacial pain specialists, and pediatric dentistry. Recommendations were accepted if agreement was >80% during a final Delphi study. Three overarching management principles and 12 recommendations for interdisciplinary management of orofacial manifestations of JIA were outlined. The 12 recommendations pertained to diagnosis (n = 4), treatment of TMJ arthritis (active TMJ inflammation) (n = 2), treatment of TMJ dysfunction and symptoms (n = 3), treatment of arthritis-related dentofacial deformity (n = 2), and other aspects related to JIA (n = 1). Additionally, a future interdisciplinary research agenda was developed. These are the first interdisciplinary recommendations to guide clinical management of TMJ JIA. The 3 overarching principles and 12 recommendations fill an important gap in current clinical practice. They emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of orofacial manifestations of JIA

Effect of ensiling time on apparent total tract starch digestibility in Southern Brazilian dairy herds

Ensiling corn for longer periods is a strategy used to increase rumen bacteria access to starch. In fact, when corn is ensiled for insufficient periods, starch digestibility decreases, as evidenced by excreted starch. This study investigates the effects of corn silage ensiling time on starch digestibility of dairy cows through fecal starch analysis. The trial was conducted during the spring of 2013 and the fall of 2014 on twenty dairy herds located in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. Total mixed ration (TMR), whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) and fecal samples were collected for determination of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and starch. Apparent total tract starch digestibility (ATTSD) was calculated using equations developed by Fredin et al. (2014) and Bal et al. (1997). Data were analyzed using the CORR, REG and GLM procedures of SAS. Spring and fall WPCS were ensiled for 260 and 132 days, respectively (p &lt; 0.01). There was no difference (p &gt; 0.05) in ATTSD-Fredin from season to season though there was a trend (p = 0.11) towards greater ATTSD-Bal for spring samples. ATTSD-Bal was positively correlated with ensiling days (r = 0.31). Starch digestibility was not negatively affected by WPCS harvesting maturity. Differences in post-ruminal starch digestion, variation between farms in DM intake and diets, limitations of the equations, influence of uncontrolled factors, and the small number of experimental units might have contributed to the absence of significant results. Overall, Bal et al. (1997) equation was more efficient in distinguishing ATTSD from different ensiling periods