Diagnosis and Management of Liver Abscess in SCB Medical College & Hospital: A Clinical Study

Aim: The present research aims to study clinical presentation of liver abscess in relation to demographic features, risk factors as well as effectiveness of treatment methods. Methodology: This present study was carried out in 60 patients suffering from liver abscess. Patients who were above 18 years of age were included in the present study for a period of one and half years (October 2018 to March 2020). They were treated by medical/image guided drainage/surgical (open drainage) based on the site, size and other clinical parameters of lesion. Follow up was done once in 2 weeks for first 2 months and then on a monthly basis after discharge. Results: In this study, out of 60 patients, liver abscess are present in 47 males (78.3%) and 13 are females (21.7%). Overall, most common presentation of liver abscess in our institution was abdominal pain (44%), then fever (31%). Abscess was mostly located in right lobe was 53 cases (88.3%) and most of the abscesses were solitary (90%). Conclusion: Intensive  care, and use of effective antibiotic therapy have resulted in a decline in the mortality rates of liver abscess in India from  24%  in  earlier  series to  1%  to  3%  in  more recent  studies

MCM-41 Nanoparticles for Brain Delivery: Better Choline-Esterase and Amyloid Formation Inhibition with Improved Kinetics

The present study was aimed at delivering a low bioavailability drug, rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate (RTG), to the brain through its encapsulation in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and targeted to amyloid inhibition in the brain. MSNs were characterized for size, zeta potential, and drug entrapment using SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, FT-IR, and PXRD. Drug-loaded MSNs were assessed for in vitro release kinetics and ex vivo followed by animal studies. The average size of the prepared blank (MCM-41B) and drug-loaded MSNs (MCM-41L) was 114 ± 2.0 and 145 ± 0.4 nm with the zeta potential of approximately −43.5 ± 1.1 and −37.6 ± 1.4 mV, respectively. MCM-41L exhibited an average entrapment efficiency of 88%. In vitro release studies exhibited early surge followed by a sluggish persistent or constant release (biphasic pattern). Hemolytic studies proved that the developed MCM-41L NPs are less hemolytic compared to RTG. A reduced ThT fluorescence was observed with MCM-41L compared to MCM-41B and RTG in the amyloid inhibition studies. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) inhibition of AChE (acetycholinesterase) was observed for MCM-41L (80 ± 4.98%), RTG (62 ± 3.25%), and MCM-41B (54 ± 4.25%). In vivo pharmacokinetics in Wistar rats revealed that the AUC and mean residence time (MRT) for MCM-41L was sustained and significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) (780 ± 3.30 ng/L; 5.49 ± 0.25 h) compared to RTG solution (430 ± 3.50 ng/L; 0.768 ± 0.17 h). Similarly, the half-life was found to be significantly higher in case of MCM-41L. The promising result was brain delivery of RTG in Wistar rats which was enhanced almost 127 folds in vivo, using MCM-41L nanoparticles. MCM-41L nanoparticles effectively enhanced the bioavailability of RTG. Conclusively, these can be used for the administration of RTG and other related low bioavailability drugs for improved brain delivery