UNICEF no Brasil e medicalização da infância, educação e família

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que teve como objetivo problematizar a medicalização nos corpos de crianças e adolescentes, no Brasil, por meio das práticas de gestão disciplinar e biopolítica do UNICEF, privilegiando a análise de saberes e poderes nos manuais prescritivos de condutas. A metodologia utilizada foi histórica genealógica, documental. Vale destacar que a medicalização tem efeitos de positividade na produção de saúde, de maneira que, em lugares e realidades onde praticamente não há cuidados básicos, não temos como negar a importância de práticas realizadas pelo UNICEF. Foucault alertava, ao tratar da medicalização, em países considerados em desenvolvimento, como seria bastante complicado fazer apenas uma crítica aos processos medicalizantes, sem realçar que eles quase não foram implantados em alguns países ou em regiões destes. No caso do Brasil, essa realidade é paradigmática; portanto, é oportuno ressaltar as disparidades desse caso e as implicações no campo dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes

ESTABILIDADES QUÍMICA, FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE SUCO DE LARANJA cv. “PERA” SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE ESTOCAGEM

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as estabilidades química, físico-química e microbiológica de suco de laranja cv. “Pêra”, mantido em temperatura ambiente, estocado sob refrigeração ou sob congelamento durante diferentes períodos. Determinaram-se os teores de ácido ascórbico e de sólidos solúveis totais, a acidez total titulável e o pH dos sucos. Foram realizadas, também, as contagens de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, fungos miceliais e leveduras, bactérias láticas, coliformes totais e fecais e Salmonella. Os teores de ácido ascórbico e de sólidos solúveis totais dos sucos permaneceram estáveis durante o período de estocagem nas condições estudadas. O mesmo foi observado para acidez total titulável e pH, exceto para os sucos congelados em que houve alteração desses parâmetros a partir de 120 dias de estocagem. Não foram encontrados Salmonella spp. e Coliformes totais e fecais nas amostras estudadas. A contagem inicial de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, fungos miceliais e leveduras e bactérias láticas foi de aproximadamente 3 Log UFC/mL. No suco mantido em temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas observou-se aumento de 1,5, 2,3 e 3,4 Log UFC/mL na contagem de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas, fungos miceliais e leveduras e bactérias láticas, respectivamente. Nos sucos refrigerados, a contagem microbiana não excedeu a inicial até o quarto dia. Nos sucos congelados, a carga microbiana permaneceu inferior à inicial durante 180 dias de estocagem. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o suco de laranja in natura preserva sua qualidade quando estocado sob refrigeração durante 48 horas ou sob congelamento durante 120 dias

CONSUMO DE MEDICAMENTOS POR IDOSOS DE UMA UNIDADE BÁSICA DE SAÚDE DE RONDONÓPOLIS/MT

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o consumo de medicamentos por idosos usuários da Unidade Básica de Saúde Dom Bosco do município de Rondonópolis/MT. Trata-se de uma pesquisa prospectiva e transversal. Participaram do estudo 238 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com 60 anos ou mais, cadastrados na UBS. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista com questões abertas e fechadas referentes a características sociais, condições de saúde, uso de serviços de saúde e consumo de medicamentos. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio dos idosos no período de abril a julho de 2010. As principais doenças apresentadas foram as do aparelho circulatório (44,88%, n=114). Quanto ao uso de medicamentos, 79,41% (n=189) utilizavam pelo menos um medicamento e a frequência de polifarmácia foi de 15,97% (n=38). Dos idosos entrevistados, 65,55% (n=156) relataram a prática de auto-medicação. Os fármacos mais consumidos foram os que atuam no aparelho cardiovascular (55,42%). O acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico do idoso é fundamental para a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos, visando contribuir no processo educativo dos usuários acerca do conhecimento da sua terapia medicamentosa

Long-term Follow-up Of An 8-year-old Boy With Insulinoma As The First Manifestation Of A Familial Form Of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized mostly by parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and anterior pituitary tumors. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy referred because of hypoglycemic attacks. His diagnosis was pancreatic insulinoma. Paternal grandmother died due to repeated gastroduodenal ulcerations and a paternal aunt presented similar manifestations. At a first evaluation, the father presented only gastric ulceration but subsequently developed hyperparathyroidism and lung carcinoid tumor. During almost 15 years of follow-up, three brothers and the index case presented hyperparathyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Molecular study showed a G to A substitution in intron 4, at nine nucleotides upstream of the splicing acceptor site, causing a splicing mutation. All affected members of the family have the same mutation. Paternal grandmother and aunt were not studied and the mother does not carry any mutation. MEN1 is a rare condition that requires permanent medical assistance. Early clinical and genetic identification of affected individuals is essential for their own surveillance and also for genetic counseling.54754-6

Fatal Brazilian spotted fever in a healthy military man during field training in Rio de Janeiro city, southeastern Brazil

Brazilian spotted fever, a zoonotic disease transmitted by ticks, is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We report a fulminant case of this zoonosis in a healthy 46-year-old military man in the urban region of Rio de Janeiro city, in October, 2021. Ticks and capybaras (Amblyomma sculptum, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, respectively) were identified in the military fields, pointing to the participation of this large synanthropic rodent, recognized as an efficient amplifier host of Rickettsia rickettsii in Brazil. As the military population is considered a risk group for spotted fever, it is necessary to alert health professionals to the importance of the early detection of the disease and its adequate management, mainly in populations that are particularly at risk of exposure to ticks, in order to avoid fatal outcomes

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost