Clima familiar y agresividad en estudiantes de secundaria de Lima Metropolitana

Revista IIPSI, Vol. 13, No. 1La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo establecer si existía o no relación entre el clima familiar y la agresividad de los estudiantes de cuarto y quinto de secundaria de Lima Metropolitana. Para la realización del proyecto se evaluó a 237 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto de secundaria, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 14 y 18 años de edad, procedentes de diversos centros educativos estatales de Lima, a quienes se aplicó el Inventario de hostilidad de Buss-Durkee, propuesto por A. H. Buss en 1957 y adaptado a nuestro país por Carlos Reyes R. en 1987, y la Escala del clima social en la familia (FES), de los autores: R. H. Moos. y E. J. Trickett, cuya Estandarización fue realizada por Cesar Ruiz Alva y Eva Guerra Turín (1993). Al ser procesados los resultados se encontró que las variables clima familiar y agresividad se encuentran correlacionadas. Al analizar los resultados tomando en cuenta los diversos subtests de la Escala de clima social se encontró que la dimensión Relación de la escala de clima social se relaciona con las subescalas hostilidad y agresividad verbal. No se encontró una relación significativa entre la dimensión desarrollo del clima social en la familia y las subescalas del cuestionario de agresividad. El clima social familiar de los estudiantes se muestra diferente en función del sexo al hallarse diferencias significativas en la dimensión estabilidad entre varones y mujeres. La agresividad de los estudiantes también se muestra diferente en función del sexo, al hallarse diferencias significativas en la subescala de agresividad física entre varones y mujeres

Juicio moral y valores interpersonales en estudiantes de secundaria de las ciudades Lima y Jauja

This research had like a purpose to establish a relation between the Moral Judgment and the Interpersonal Values of the students of 4th. and 5th. of High School, from male and female, whose ages were of 14 to 18 years old, coming from various state’s educative institutions, from Lima and Jauja, they answered a Development of Sociomoral Reflection Test by Kohlberg, adapted by Majluf (1986) and the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV) by Leonard Gordon, adapted by Higueras (1972) and Perez (1987). The results were processed by the squared Chi, and it was founded that Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values are correlated. The Moral Judgment is related to the dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence. Besides, data were processed with the U of Mann-Whitney Test showing highly significant differences between the students of Jauja and Lima at interpersonal values test; however, with the moral judgment it does not happen the same, since the students from Jauja and Lima they respond of similar form. In dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence, there were differences in relation to the sex, being women who obtained better results than men, not happened the same in the case of the Moral Judgment. Finally, there were significant differences between Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values based on the instruction level.La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo establecer si existía o no relación entre el juicio moral y los valores interpersonales de los estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria de Lima y Jauja. Para la realización del proyecto se evaluó a 355 estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 14 y 18 años de edad, procedentes de diversos centros educativos estatales de Lima y Jauja a quienes se aplicó el test de reflexión socio moral propuesta por Kohlberg y adaptado por Majluf (1986) y el Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales SIV propuesta por Leonard Gordon adaptado por Higueras (1972) y Pérez (1987). Al ser procesados los resultados se encontró que las variables Juicio Moral y Valores Interpersonales se encuentran asociadas. El juicio moral se relaciona con las dimensiones conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia. Por otro lado, se encontró que existen diferencias significativas entre los alumnos de Jauja y Lima en valores interpersonales, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el juicio moral, tanto en Jauja como en Lima los estudiantes responden en forma similar. En las dimensiones de conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia de los estudiantes se muestra diferente en función del sexo. Las mujeres obtienen mejores resultados que los varones, no sucede lo mismo en el caso del juicio moral. Por último, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el juicio moral y los valores en función del grado de instrucción

Moral judgment and interpersonal values in students of high school of cities from Lima and Jauja

La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo establecer si existía o no relación entre el juicio moral y los valores interpersonales de los estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria de Lima y Jauja. Para la realización del proyecto se evaluó a 355 estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 14 y 18 años de edad, procedentes de diversos centros educativos estatales de Lima y Jauja a quienes se aplicó el test de reflexión socio moral propuesta por Kohlberg y adaptado por Majluf (1986) y el Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales SIV propuesta por Leonard Gordon adaptado por Higueras (1972) y Pérez (1987). Al ser procesados los resultados se encontró que las variables Juicio Moral y Valores Interpersonales se encuentran asociadas. El juicio moral se relaciona con las dimensiones conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia. Por otro lado, se encontró que existen diferencias significativas entre los alumnos de Jauja y Lima en valores interpersonales, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el juicio moral, tanto en Jauja como en Lima los estudiantes responden en forma similar. En las dimensiones de conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia de los estudiantes se muestra diferente en función del sexo. Las mujeres obtienen mejores resultados que los varones, no sucede lo mismo en el caso del juicio moral. Por último, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el juicio moral y los valores en función del grado de instrucción. === === ABSTRACT === === This research had like a purpose to establish a relation between the Moral Judgment and the Interpersonal Values of the students of 4th. and 5th. of High School, from male and female, whose ages were of 14 to 18 years old, coming from various state’s educative institutions, from Lima and Jauja, they answered a Development of Sociomoral Reflection Test by Kohlberg, adapted by Majluf (1986) and the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV) by Leonard Gordon, adapted by Higueras (1972) and Perez (1987). The results were processed by the squared Chi, and it was founded that Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values are correlated. The Moral Judgment is related to the dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence. Besides, data were processed with the U of Mann-Whitney Test showing highly significant differences between the students of Jauja and Lima at interpersonal values test; however, with the moral judgment it does not happen the same, since the students from Jauja and Lima they respond of similar form. In dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence, there were differences in relation to the sex, being women who obtained better results than men, not happened the same in the case of the Moral Judgment. Finally, there were significant differences between Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values based on the instruction level

Juicio moral y valores interpersonales en estudiantes de secundaria de las ciudades Lima y Jauja

This research had like a purpose to establish a relation between the Moral Judgment and the Interpersonal Values of the students of 4th. and 5th. of High School, from male and female, whose ages were of 14 to 18 years old, coming from various state�s educative institutions, from Lima and Jauja, they answered a Development of Sociomoral Reflection Test by Kohlberg, adapted by Majluf (1986) and the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV) by Leonard Gordon, adapted by Higueras (1972) and Perez (1987). The results were processed by the squared Chi, and it was founded that Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values are correlated. The Moral Judgment is related to the dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence. Besides, data were processed with the U of Mann-Whitney Test showing highly significant differences between the students of Jauja and Lima at interpersonal values test; however, with the moral judgment it does not happen the same, since the students from Jauja and Lima they respond of similar form. In dimensions of Conformity, Recognition and Benevolence, there were differences in relation to the sex, being women who obtained better results than men, not happened the same in the case of the Moral Judgment. Finally, there were significant differences between Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Values based on the instruction level.La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo establecer si existía o no relación entre el juicio moral y los valores interpersonales de los estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria de Lima y Jauja. Para la realización del proyecto se evaluó a 355 estudiantes de 4to y 5to de secundaria, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 14 y 18 años de edad, procedentes de diversos centros educativos estatales de Lima y Jauja a quienes se aplicó el test de reflexión socio moral propuesta por Kohlberg y adaptado por Majluf (1986) y el Cuestionario de Valores Interpersonales SIV propuesta por Leonard Gordon adaptado por Higueras (1972) y Pérez (1987). Al ser procesados los resultados se encontró que las variables Juicio Moral y Valores Interpersonales se encuentran asociadas. El juicio moral se relaciona con las dimensiones conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia. Por otro lado, se encontró que existen diferencias significativas entre los alumnos de Jauja y Lima en valores interpersonales, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el juicio moral, tanto en Jauja como en Lima los estudiantes responden en forma similar. En las dimensiones de conformidad, reconocimiento y benevolencia de los estudiantes se muestra diferente en función del sexo. Las mujeres obtienen mejores resultados que los varones, no sucede lo mismo en el caso del juicio moral. Por último, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el juicio moral y los valores en función del grado de instrucción

Factores personales de resiliencia y autoconcepto en estudiantes de primaria de Lima Metropolitana

The research presented was to establish whether there was any connection between the personal factors of resilience and self-concept in primary school students in Lima. For its performance was evaluated at 420 students, of both sexes, aged between 10 and 12 years, who were in the fifth and sixth grades of primary schools from different Lima state who completed the inventory of factors personal resilience proposed by Salgado (2005) and Self-Concept Questionnaire proposed by Belen García Garley, adapted to our reality for purposes of the investigation. Results showed that correlation exists between the personal factors of resilience and self-concept. He also found a relationship between the factors self-esteem and empathy with all components of the self-concept. When comparing men with women’s self-concept were no significant differences in the physical, social and family in favor of women. Finally, when comparing men and women in the resilience factors found significant differences in favor of women in self-esteem, empathy and resilience.La investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la existencia o no de relación entre los factores personales de resiliencia y el autoconcepto en estudiantes de primaria de Lima Metropolitana. Se evaluó a 420 estudiantes, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades fluctuaban entre 10 y 12 años, que cursaban el quinto y sexto grado de primaria, procedentes de diferentes centros educativos estatales de Lima Metropolitana, a quienes se aplicó el inventario de Factores personales de resiliencia propuesto por Salgado (2005) y el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Garley propuesto por Belén García, adaptado a nuestra realidad para efectos de la investigación. Los resultados mostraron que existe correlación entre los factores personales de resiliencia y autoconcepto. Se reporta una relación entre los factores autoestima y empatía con todos los componentes del autoconcepto. Al comparar el autoconcepto de varones con mujeres se encontró diferencias significativas en los componentes físico, social y familiar a favor de las mujeres. Por último, al comparar varones y mujeres en los factores de resiliencia se encontró diferencias significativas a favor de las mujeres en autoestima, empatía y resiliencia

Latin American consumption of major food groups : results from the ELANS study

Abstract: Background: The Latin American (LA) region is still facing an ongoing epidemiological transition and shows a complex public health scenario regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A healthy diet and consumption of specific food groups may decrease the risk of NCDs, however there is a lack of dietary intake data in LA countries. Objective: Provide updated data on the dietary intake of key science-based selected food groups related to NCDs risk in LA countries. Design: ELANS (Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health) is a multicenter cross-sectional study assessing food consumption from an urban sample between15 to 65 years old from 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Two 24-HR were obtained from 9,218 individuals. The daily intake of 10 food groups related to NCDs risk (fruits; vegetables; legumes/beans; nuts and seeds; whole grains products; fish and seafood; yogurt; red meat; processed meats; sugar-sweetened beverages (ready-to-drink and homemade)) were assessed and compared to global recommendations. Results: Only 7.2% of the overall sample reached WHO’s recommendation for fruits and vegetables consumption (400 grams per day). Regarding the dietary patterns related to a reduced risk of NCDs, among the overall sample legumes and fruits were the food groups with closer intake to the recommendation, although much lower than expected (13.1% and 11.5%, respectively). Less than 3.5% of the sample met the optimal consumption level of vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish and yogurt. Largest country-dependent differences in average daily consumption were found for legumes, nuts, fish, and yogurt. Mean consumption of SSB showed large differences between countries. Conclusion: Diet intake quality is deficient for nutrient-dense food groups, suggesting a higher risk for NCDs in the urban LA region in upcoming decades. These data provide relevant and up-to-date information to take urgent public health actions to improve consumption of critically foods in order to prevent NCDs

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified