64 research outputs found

    DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis - Assessment of zooplankton biodiversity in transitional waters

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    Zooplankton biodiversity assessment is a crucial element in monitoring marine ecosystem processes and community responses to environmental alterations. In order to evaluate the suitability of metabarcoding for zooplankton biodiversity assessment and biomonitoring as a fast and more cost-effective method, seasonal zooplankton sampling was carried out in the Venice Lagoon and the nearby coastal area (Northern Adriatic Sea). The molecular analysis showed higher taxa richness compared to the classical morphological method (224 vs. 88 taxa), discriminating better the meroplanktonic component, morphologically identified only up to order level. Both methods revealed a similar spatio-temporal distribution pattern and the sequence abundances and individual counts were significantly correlated for various taxonomic groups. These results indicate that DNA metabarcoding is an efficient tool for biodiversity assessments in ecosystems with high spatial and temporal variability, where high sampling effort is required as well as fast alert systems for non-native species (NIS)

    Situação de estudo: uma estratégia de formação docente no mundo em transformação

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    A formação inicial e continuada de professores, articulada pela produção e desenvolvimento de quatro Situações de Estudo (SE), que pretendem viabilizar a construção de significados dos conceitos científicos na escola, partem da vivência dos estudantes e são produções coletivas, fundamentadas no referencial histórico-cultural. A abordagem qualitativa e a investigação-ação (PAIS-Pesquisa-Ação Integral e Sistêmica) fundamentam a pesquisa com professores do ensino médio de duas escolas, professores e estudantes de Licenciatura das Ciências da Natureza. É possível romper com o arcabouço tradicional do conhecimento escolar, numa perspectiva integradora de conceitos das diversas áreas do conhecimento e, constituir cidadãos reflexivos e conscientes

    Controle da deterioração pós-colheita em pêssego causado por Monilinia fructicola e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

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    In this work we report the postharvest control of Monilinia fructicola - causative agents of brown rot and Colletotrichum gloesporioides - causative agents of anthracnose. These fungi contribute significantly to the reduction of the marketing period of peach. The conventional control of these diseases can leave chemical residues on fruits and selecting resistant pathogenic strains. The use of essential oils can be a more appropriate alternative. Essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum camphora and Cymbopogum citratus were used in control. The results have demonstrated good control of these diseases manly using C. camphora and C. citratus in vitro and in vivo analysis beyond in vivo simulating cold storage. Our results in these essays indicate the possibility of using environmental-friendly essential oil in postharvest control of peaches and others fruits, without utilization of chemical fungicides.Neste trabalho foi relatado o controle pós colheita de Monilinia fructicola -agente causador da podridão marrom e Colletotrichum gloesporioides – agente causador da antracnose. Estes fungos contribuem significativamente na redução da comercialização do pêssego. O controle convencional destas doenças podem deixar resíduos químicos nas frutas e selecionar estiperpes patogênicas resistentes. O uso de óleos essenciais pode ser uma alternativa mais adequada. Óleos essenciais de Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum camphora e Cymbopogum citratus foram usados como controle. Os resultados demonstraram bom controle das doenças com C. camphora e C. citratus in vitro e in vivo e análise in vivo simulando armazenamento a frio. Os resultados dos ensaios indicam a possibilidade da utilização do óleo essencial no controle pós colheita de pêssego e outras frutas, sem a utilização de fungicidas químicos.En este trabajo fue relatado el control post-cosecha de Monilinia fructicola - agente causante de la podredumbre parda y Colletotrichum gloeosporioides - agente causante de la antracnosis. Estos hongos contribuyen significativamente a la reducción de la comercialización de melocotón. El control convencional de estas enfermedades puede dejar residuos químicos en las frutas y seleccionando estirpes patógenos resistentes. El uso de aceites esenciales puede ser una alternativa más adecuada. Los aceites esenciales de Eucalyptus globulus, Cinnamomum camphora y Cymbopogum citratus fueron utilizados como control. Los resultados demostraron un buen control de la enfermedad con C. camphora y C. citratus in vitro e in vivo y en el análisis de simulación de almacenamiento en frío. Los resultados de los ensayos indican la posibilidad de utilizar el aceite esencial en el control post cosecha de melocotón y otras frutas, sin el uso de fungicidas químicos

    Zooplankton diel vertical migration in the Corsica Channel (north-western Mediterranean Sea) detected by a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler

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    Diel vertical migration (DVM) is a survival strategy adopted by zooplankton that we investigated in the Corsica Channel using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data from April 2014 to November 2016. The principal aim of the study is to characterize migration patterns and biomass temporal evolution of zooplankton along the water column. The ADCP measured vertical velocity and echo intensity in the water column range between about 70 and 390&thinsp;m (the bottom depth is 443&thinsp;m). During the investigated period, zooplanktonic biomass had a well-defined daily and seasonal cycle, with peaks occurring in late winter to spring (2015 and 2016) when the stratification of the water column is weaker. Zooplanktonic biomass temporal distribution in the whole water column is well correlated with biomass of primary producers, estimated with satellite data. Zooplanktonic blooming and non-blooming periods have been identified and studied separately. During the non-blooming period zooplanktonic biomass was most abundant in the upper and the deep layers, while during the blooming period the upper-layer maximum in zooplanktonic biomass disappeared and the deep layer with high zooplanktonic biomass became thicker. These two layers are likely to correspond to two different zooplanktonic communities. The evolution of zooplanktonic biomass is well correlated with chlorophyll, with phytoplankton biomass peaks preceding the upper-layer secondary production by a lag of about 3.5 weeks. Nocturnal DVM appears to be the main pattern during both periods, but reverse and twilight migration are also detected. Nocturnal DVM was more evident at mid-water than in the deep and the upper layers. DVM occurred with different intensities during blooming and non-blooming periods. One of the main outcomes is that the principal drivers for DVM are light intensity and stratification, but other factors, like the moon cycle and primary production, are also taken in consideration.</p

    On the reliability of a simple method for scoring phenotypes to estimate heritability: A case study with pupal color in Heliconius erato phyllis, Fabricius 1775 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

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    In this paper, two methods for assessing the degree of melanization of pupal exuviae from the butterfly Heliconius erato phyllis, Fabricius 1775 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiini) are compared. In the first method, which was qualitative, the exuviae were classified by scoring the degree of melanization, whereas in the second method, which was quantitative, the exuviae were classified by optical density followed by analysis with appropriate software. The heritability (h2) of the degree of melanization was estimated by regression and analysis of variance. The estimates of h 2 were similar with both methods, indicating that the qualitative method could be particularly suitable for field work. The low estimates obtained for heritability may have resulted from the small sample size (n = 7-18 broods, including the parents) or from the allocation-priority hypothesis in which pupal color would be a lower priority trait compared to morphological traits and adequate larval development

    Concepções e representações sociais de professores sobre a sua formação inicial: construção e validação de um questionário

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    Este estudo versa sobre a validação de um questionário aplicado aos licenciandos do primeiro e último ano das licenciaturas em Biologia, Ciências, Física, Química e Pedagogia, sendo selecionadas duas diferentes instituições para cada curso. O instrumento de pesquisa passou pela validação semântica, realizada por seis pesquisadores doutores das áreas de Ensino (Biologia, Física e Química) e a aplicação de um teste piloto com licenciandos do curso de Biologia. Após a análise semântica e o teste piloto, três assertivas foram eliminadas, ficando o questionário final constituído por 81 assertivas. Para avaliar a confiabilidade do instrumento (validação estatística) foi realizado o teste de Alpha de Cronbach, análise fatorial, Kaiser-Meyer-Olklin (KMO) e o de Esfericidade de Bartlett. Após a aplicação dos testes foram eliminadas 30 assertivas, tornando possível a Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O número amostral foi considerado satisfatório para a sistematização e análise dos dados, quando analisado o valor do KMO.Fundos nacionais através da FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) no âmbito do projeto do CIEC (Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança) da Universidade do Minho, com a referência UID/CED/00317/2019

    Geografie relazionali nella storia del design

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    Con il tema delle “geografie relazionali” l'intenzione di questo numero è di valorizzare studi e ricerche che assumono approcci tipici delle scienze sociali per la comprensione e la spiegazione del design. Questo, infatti, oltre ad essere fatto di “cose”, strutture materializzate (come la nazione o la comunità), individui e meccanismi, è composto soprattutto di reti e fatti sociali: un insieme intricato e complesso di intersecazioni, rete di flussi e di relazioni..

    Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

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    Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15-91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising similar to 6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe. The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa.peerReviewe
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