The insertion of the pesticide theme in science teaching research in Brazil

Os agrotóxicos são substâncias usadas no controle de pragas e doenças de plantas, dispersas no ar, água, solo e alimentos, que afetam o ambiente e saúde dos seres vivos. As escolas e as universidades são espaços para ensino e apropriação dos conceitos científicos relacionados aos agrotóxicos. Buscou-se analisar e sistematizar as pesquisas sobre Agrotóxicos no Ensino de Ciências, publicadas de 2008 a 2018, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, na Scientific Electronic Library online, no Google Acadêmico, na Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, na Revista Ciências & Ideias, na Revista Electrónica Enseñanza de las Ciências e nos anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências. Esta investigação é de natureza quali-quantitativa, do tipo bibliográfica. Para as buscas, utilizaram-se os descritores “Agrotóxicos” e “Agrotóxicos AND Ensino”, aplicando-os ao título, resumo e palavras-chave. Foram encontrados cerca de 25000 trabalhos, com o descritor Agrotóxicos, dos quais 60 foram elegíveis para este estudo, por tratarem do ensino. A disciplina de Química foi abordada em 24 textos. O Ensino Médio, prevaleceu, constando em 37 dos trabalhos. Os instrumentos mais utilizados pelos pesquisadores nessas produções foram: questionários, entrevistas, diário de campo, observação, sequência didática, resolução de problemas e os três momentos pedagógicos. O Ensino e Aprendizagem foi o foco mais evidente, perfazendo 61% dos textos. O ano de 2016 foi o que representou maior número de produções envolvendo o tema Agrotóxicos, publicadas em periódicos e eventos científicos e encontradas no Google Acadêmico.Pesticides are substances used for pests and plant diseases control, dispersed in the air, water, soil and food, affecting the environment and health of living beings. The school is a place for teaching and appropriation of scientific concepts related to pesticides. We sought to analyze and systematize the research on Pesticides in Science Education, published from 2008 to 2018, in the Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations from CAPES, in Scientific Electronic Library online, in Google Scholar, in the Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, in the Revista Ciências e Ideias, in the Revista Electrónica Enseñanza de las Ciências, and in the Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências. The study is of a qualitative and quantitative nature, of the bibliographic type. For the searches, the descriptors "Pesticides" and "Pesticide AND education" were used, applying them to the title, abstract, and keyword. About 25000 works were found with the “Pesticide” descriptor, of which only 60 were selected for this study, as they deal with teaching. Chemistry was covered in 24 texts. As for the level of education, high school prevailed, comprising 37 of the works. The research instruments most used were: Questionnaires, Interviews, Field Diary, Observation, Didactic Sequence, Problem Solving, Three Pedagogical Moments. Teaching and Learning was the most evident focus, making up 61% of the texts. The year of 2016 was the one that represented the largest number of productions involving the theme Pesticides, published in journals and scientific events and found on Google Scholar

On the reliability of a simple method for scoring phenotypes to estimate heritability: A case study with pupal color in Heliconius erato phyllis, Fabricius 1775 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

In this paper, two methods for assessing the degree of melanization of pupal exuviae from the butterfly Heliconius erato phyllis, Fabricius 1775 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Heliconiini) are compared. In the first method, which was qualitative, the exuviae were classified by scoring the degree of melanization, whereas in the second method, which was quantitative, the exuviae were classified by optical density followed by analysis with appropriate software. The heritability (h2) of the degree of melanization was estimated by regression and analysis of variance. The estimates of h 2 were similar with both methods, indicating that the qualitative method could be particularly suitable for field work. The low estimates obtained for heritability may have resulted from the small sample size (n = 7-18 broods, including the parents) or from the allocation-priority hypothesis in which pupal color would be a lower priority trait compared to morphological traits and adequate larval development

Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe

Local biodiversity trends over time are likely to be decoupled from global trends, as local processes may compensate or counteract global change. We analyze 161 long-term biological time series (15-91 years) collected across Europe, using a comprehensive dataset comprising similar to 6,200 marine, freshwater and terrestrial taxa. We test whether (i) local long-term biodiversity trends are consistent among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, and (ii) changes in biodiversity correlate with regional climate and local conditions. Our results reveal that local trends of abundance, richness and diversity differ among biogeoregions, realms and taxonomic groups, demonstrating that biodiversity changes at local scale are often complex and cannot be easily generalized. However, we find increases in richness and abundance with increasing temperature and naturalness as well as a clear spatial pattern in changes in community composition (i.e. temporal taxonomic turnover) in most biogeoregions of Northern and Eastern Europe. The global biodiversity decline might conceal complex local and group-specific trends. Here the authors report a quantitative synthesis of longterm biodiversity trends across Europe, showing how, despite overall increase in biodiversity metric and stability in abundance, trends differ between regions, ecosystem types, and taxa.peerReviewe

Geografie relazionali nella storia del design

Con il tema delle “geografie relazionali” l'intenzione di questo numero è di valorizzare studi e ricerche che assumono approcci tipici delle scienze sociali per la comprensione e la spiegazione del design. Questo, infatti, oltre ad essere fatto di “cose”, strutture materializzate (come la nazione o la comunità), individui e meccanismi, è composto soprattutto di reti e fatti sociali: un insieme intricato e complesso di intersecazioni, rete di flussi e di relazioni..

The role of the marginalized and unusual suspects in the production of digital innovations: Models of innovation in an African context

The rapid proliferation of innovation concepts addressing experiences in the Global South raises crucial questions about the relevance of this phenomenon for development. In an effort to bring conceptual clarity, this paper reviews several related understandings of innovation and related approaches to, firstly, map overlaps and differences, and secondly, understand how they are situated within the development discourse. This study uses a literature review and applies thematic analysis in identifying the various innovation concepts, and the extent to which they include the marginalized in their framing and operationalization. In particular, this study evaluates whether these innovation concepts are framing innovation as something developed outside of poor communities but on behalf of them, whether innovation is designed alongside poor communities, or whether it is designed by and within poor communities. The findings of this study revealed that in most cases, these concepts are pro-poor, with very few exceptions of innovations done in collaboration with the poor, in a per-poor process