"Så må vi jobbe tettere sammen" : samarbeid mellom helsesøstre i skolehelsetjenesten og Avdeling for barn og unges psykiske helse ved Sørlandet sykehus - sett fra helsesøstrenes perspektiv

Masteroppgave i psykisk helsearbeid- Universitetet i Agder 2010The theme of this thesis is collaboration between school nurses at secondary schools in Aust- and Vest-Agder in Norway and the Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health at Sørlandet Sykehus (ABUP). The purpose of this study is to contribute to better collaboration between ABUP and school nurses. My wish is that the findings will benefit the users of the services and that they will be useful to others involved in interdisciplinary work. The issues for this study has been how school nurses experience collaborating with ABUP, what expectations and wishes they have in relation to this collaboration, what thoughts they have about their own competence and responsibilities in relation to ABUP's competence and responsibilities and if there is a connection between the school nurses' thoughts on collaboration and the organization of services for children and young people. This study is based on five qualitative interviews and has a phenomenological basis. The main finding is that school nurses believe that the collaboration with ABUP can improve. All the informants wanted more feedback from ABUP, they believed it was important to involve school nurses and other parts of the network in the work of young people, and they were concerned about the importance of meeting young people on their arena. Several of the informants expressed that school nurses are involved in prevention, while ABUP is doing the assessment, therapy and treatment. Most informants wanted more guidance from ABUP. It was revealed that municipalities are organized differently in relation to work with children and young people's mental health and that this could affect the extent to which school nurses needed to refer youths to ABUP. Keywords: collaboration, school nurses, Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, organization, competence

Well-Tempered Metadynamics as a Tool for Characterizing Multi-Component, Crystalline Molecular Machines

The well-tempered, smoothly converging form of the metadynamics algorithm has been implemented in classical molecular dynamics simulations and used to obtain an estimate of the free energy surface explored by the molecular rotations in the plastic crystal, octafluoronaphthalene. The biased simulations explore the full energy surface extremely efficiently, more than 4 orders of magnitude faster than unbiased molecular dynamics runs. The metadynamics collective variables used have also been expanded to include the simultaneous orientations of three neighboring octafluoronaphthalene molecules. Analysis of the resultant three-dimensional free energy surface, which is sampled to a very high degree despite its significant complexity, demonstrates that there are strong correlations between the molecular orientations. Although this correlated motion is of limited applicability in terms of exploiting dynamical motion in octafluoronaphthalene, the approach used is extremely well suited to the investigation of the function of crystalline molecular machines

Effectiveness of soluble CTLA-4-Fc in the inhibition of bone marrow T-cell activation in context of indoleamine 2.3-dioxygenase (IDO) and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg induction

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation finally resulting in damaged joints. One of the RA development models suggests bone marrow (BM) as a place of inflammation development further leading to disease progression. We aimed to investigate the potential of CTLA-4-Fc molecule in inducing tolerogenic milieu in BM measured as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, CD4 METHODS: Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and CTLA-4-Fc. Next IDO expression, CD4 RESULTS: We found that CTLA-4-Fc and IFN-γ stimulation results in IDO production by BMMC. CTLA-4-Fc induced tryptophan catabolism can inhibit mitogen-induced CD4 CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on some immunosuppression aspects present or induced in BM. The potential of IDO-mediated pathways were confirmed in the periphery, what may represent the promising candidates for therapeutic strategies in RA

"Comunicación educativa de los docente de educación básica y su incidencia en el aprendizaje significativo de los alumnos de 1° a 9° grado del Centro Escolar el Rodeo en el Municipio de El congo, en el Año 2017"

Abordar la comunicación educativa desde una mirada contextual implica evidenciar la efectividad de la enseñanza, tanto a nivel cognitivo como emocional, dado que los procesos de aprender son el resultado de aplicar las etapas del proceso didáctico, en especial la que se refiere a la comunicación y su resultado: la comprensión

INVESTIGACIÓN DE ANGIOSTRONGYLUS COSTARICENSIS VAGINULUS PLEBEIUS EN EL AREA METROPOLITANA DE SAN SALVADOR

El objetivo del presente estudio es detectar la presencia de Angiostrongylus costaricensis en su huésped intermediario vaginulus plebeius en el Área metropolitana de San Salvador, la que posee condiciones ambientales que facilitan la presencia de sus huéspedes, como temperatura, humedad relativa y gran variedad de vegetación. Estas condiciones son necesarias para la prevalecencia del huésped intermediario del parásito y la presencia de sus huéspedes definitivos más comunes, "la rata del algodón" y "la rata doméstica". Para realizar dicho estudio se dividió el área metropolitana de San Salvador en siete zonas, cada una compren día diez colonias (o barrios), muestreando en cada una de ellas 20 viviendas, que se clasificaron de la siguiente manera: 1- Viviendas en las que se encontraron ligosas e informaron la presencia de roedores. 2- Viviendas en las que se encontraron ligosas e informaron la no presencia de roedores. 3- Viviendas en las que no se encontraron ligosas e informaron la presencia de roedores. 4- Viviendas en las que no se encontraron ligosas e informaron la no presencia de roedores resultando dos tipos de muestra a procesar en el laboratorio: a) Ligosas provenientes de viviendas en las que se informa la presencia de roedores b) Ligosas que provenían de viviendas en las que informaron la no presencia de roedores. Se visitaron 1,400 viviendas del área metropolitana de San Salvador, en las que se encontr6 un total de 2,443 ligosas en 780 viviendas (55.7%) no encontrándose en 620 (44 .3%). Las ligosas se procesaron en el laboratorio del departamento de Microbiología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de El Salvador, con soluci6n de pepsina al 0.7% y se extrajeron las larvas por el método de Baermann y Morais, dejándose en reposo un mínimo de tres horas. Se proces6 un total de 161 muestras, con un promedio de ·23 muestras procesadas por zona (349 ligosas por muestra) i de las cuales resultaron 107 negativas que constituyen el 66.5% de las muestras y 54 fueron positivas a Angiostrongylus costaricensis que representan el 33.5%, que nos hace concluir acerca de la presencia de dicho nemátodo en el área metropolitana de San Salvador

Operant Sensation Seeking Requires Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 (mGluR5)

Pharmacological and genetic studies have suggested that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is critically involved in mediating the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, but not food. The purpose of this study was to use mGluR5 knockout (KO), heterozygous (Het), and wildtype (WT) mice to determine if mGluR5 modulates operant sensation seeking (OSS), an operant task that uses varied sensory stimuli as a reinforcer. We found that mGluR5 KO mice had significantly reduced OSS responding relative to WT mice, while Het mice displayed a paradoxical increase in OSS responding. Neither KO nor Het mice exhibited altered operant responding for food as a reinforcer. Further, we assessed mGluR5 KO, Het and WT mice across a battery of cocaine locomotor, place preference and anxiety related tests. Although KO mice showed expected differences in some locomotor and anxiety measures, Het mice either exhibited no phenotype or an intermediate one. In total, these data demonstrate a key role for mGluR5 in OSS, indicating an important role for this receptor in reinforcement-based behavior

Research review: the role of cytokines in depression in adolescents: a systematic review

Background: While cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression in adults, the potential role in younger age groups such as adolescents is less clear. This article therefore reviews the literature (a) to explore the relationship between cytokines and depression in adolescents, and (b) to examine how cytokines may be related to adolescent depression in the context of other neurobiological theories of depression. Method: A systematic review of the scientific literature on the subject was conducted in February 2013, searching the Web of Knowledge, PubMed (Medline), PsycInfo and Cochrane electronic databases. Results: Eighteen studies were identified measuring both depression or depressive symptoms and cytokines or immune markers in adolescents. Adolescents with depression show age-specific characteristics of the immune and inflammatory system, specifically in NK cell activity and in pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha). In addition, the role of cytokines in adolescent depression is influenced by neurodevelopment, hormonal changes, stress and trauma. Conclusions: There may be differences in the neurobiology of adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) compared with adult MDD. Increased understanding of the role of cytokines in adolescent MDD may lead to improved outcomes in the treatment of adolescent depression