Sitotroga cerealella-resistant mexican maize races (Zea mays L.), new sources of resistance for commercial maize breeding

Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important post-harvest pests of maize Zea mays L. Some Mexican maize races (Z. mays) could be a novel source of resistance against S. cerealella to improve commercial maize varieties, lines and hybrids. We studied the resistance of Mexican maize races, recollected at Chihuahua State to S. cerealella. We focused on antibiosis and tolerance of maize to S. cerealella. Cristalino-079 maize race shows low level of consumption in grams and percentage, increased larvae mortality before to entering the seed. In addition, Cristalino-079 reduced first adult’s generation and show the largest biological cycle. Due to the small number of emerged adults, there was very little grain weight loss in resistant maize race. The compound that causes high mortality of larvae before to entering the grain is in the pericarp of resistant maize races. The compound that causes longest development time is in the endosperm and embryo. Cristalino-079 show the better level of resistance to S. cerealella infestation in almost all traits studied and this can be used as source of resistance for maize breeding

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Expresión del transportador Hxt2 de Sarccharomyces cervisiae en plantas de Arabidopsis thaliana y Jitomate (Solanum licopersicum L.) como modelo para el estudio del metabolismo de carbono /\ua0tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Bioquímicas, presenta Daniel Padilla Chacón ; asesor Eleazar Martínez Barajas

IV, 100 [19] páginas :\ua0ilustracionesDoctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas\ua0UNAM, Facultad de Química,\ua0201

Expresión del transportador Hxt2 de Sarccharomyces cervisiae en plantas de Arabidopsis thaliana y Jitomate (Solanum licopersicum L.) como modelo para el estudio del metabolismo de carbono /\ua0tesis que para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Bioquímicas, presenta Daniel Padilla Chacón ; asesor Eleazar Martínez Barajas

. IV, 100 [19] páginas :\ua0ilustraciones. Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas\ua0UNAM, Facultad de Química,\ua0201

Relevance of a Teaching Program to the Challenges of Industry 4.0

Objective: to identify the degree of relevance of the Food Science and Technology Engineering Teaching Program (PDICTA) to face the challenges demanded by the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0. Method: to collect the data, a survey was applied as a measurement instrument, using the Likert scale of five response options to 10 items for a representative sample of 12 teachers and 14 graduates of the program. For the analysis of the survey data, descriptive statistics was applied. Results: The findings were as follows: in 4 of the items, the professors and graduates declared to agree, while in the remaining 6 items, the results showed different responses that were at levels that varied from disagreeing, neutral and agreement. Discussion and conclusion: that both professors and graduates agreed that the former supported the latter in the development of four of the ten skills or competencies demanded by Industry 4.0, indicating that the PDICTA is in a process of exchange to enter the labor market demanded by Industry 4.0

Identification of Resistance to the Corn Weevil (<i>Sitophilus zeamais</i> M.) in Mexican Maize Races (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)

Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has a global distribution and is one of the most important post-harvest pests of maize (Zea mays L.). Some Mexican maize races could be a novel source of resistance against S. zeamais to improve commercial maize, generating lines, varieties, and hybrids with resistance to the pest. These are original races from the center of origin of maize and have been exposed to selection pressure from S. zeamais and other pests for thousands of years, which probably resulted in some type of resistance. We studied the resistance of Mexican maize races to S. zeamais focusing on antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance. Antibiosis reduces the survival and reproduction of the insect or prolongs the time between generations, whereas antixenosis reduces the rate of initial and successive accumulation of the insect population. Obligate-antibiosis and free-choice bioassays were performed, and in those experiments, resistance traits and the consumption by S. zeamais were measured. The most resistant accession showed high adult mortality and fewer adults in the 1st generation, where the number of emerged adults is an ideal trait to evaluate the level of maize resistance to the pest. Net consumption (in grams) is the most economically important trait because it indicates the gross amount lost in a store, while yield losses (percentage of consumption) allow for studying tolerance. The type of endosperm did have an influence on the resistance/tolerance to S. zeamais. The flint varieties showed significantly higher mortality of adults before entering the seed, a lower quantity of emerged adults of the first generation in the obligate-antibiosis bioassay, and lower net consumption and percentage in both bioassays. In general, the varieties of the races Cristalino de Chihuahua, Apachito, and Azul showed high levels of resistance, with the Cristalino-079 (flint) and Azul (floury) accessions also being tolerant, and low levels of consumption by S. zeamais. Both could be used in breeding programs to reduce losses caused by S. zeamais

Additional file 1 of Proteomic profile of tepary bean seed storage proteins in germination with low water potential

Additional file 1: Supplementary Data S1. Changes in accumulation of ten differential protein spots from Tepary bean seeds under water (control) and low water potential with PEG-6000 at -0.49 MPa after 72h germination. ND=No Detected. Supplementary Data S2.1. Proteins Identified by Shotgun proteomics from cotyledon of Tepary bean seeds germinated in water during 72h. Supplementary Data S2. 2. Proteins Identified by Shotgun proteomics from cotyledon of Tepary bean seeds germinated with low water potential at -0.49 MPa during 72h. Supplementary Data S3.1. Mapping of 27 GO terms to 127 of the ¨GO slim¨ from proteins of cotyledons of Tepary bean seeds germinated in water during 72 h and identified by Shotgun Proteomics UniProt. Supplementary Data S3.2. Mapping of 72 GO terms to 127 of the ¨GO slim¨ from proteins of cotyledons of Tepary bean seeds germinated in PEG-6000 at -0.49 MPa during 72 h and identified by Shotgun Proteomics UniProt. Supplementary Data S3.3. Mapping of 18 GO terms to 127 of the ¨GO slim¨ from common proteins of cotyledons of Tepary bean seeds germinated in water and PEG-6000 at-0.49 MPa during 72 h and identified by Shotgun Proteomics UniProt

Phenotypic, Anatomical, and Diel Variation in Sugar Concentration Linked to Cell Wall Invertases in Common Bean Pod Racemes under Water Restriction

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pod wall is essential for seed formation and to protect seeds. To address the effect of water restriction on sugar metabolism in fruits differing in sink strength under light–dark cycles, we used plants of cv. OTI at 100% field capacity (FC) and at 50% FC over 10 days at the beginning of pod filling. Water restriction intensified the symptoms of leaf senescence. However, pods maintained a green color for several days longer than leaves did. In addition, the functionality of pods of the same raceme was anatomically demonstrated, and no differences were observed between water regimes. The glucose and starch concentrations were lower than those of sucrose, independent of pod wall size. Remarkably, the fructose concentration decreased only under water restriction. The cell wall invertase activity was twofold higher in the walls of small pods than in those of large ones in both water regimes; similar differences were not evident for cytosolic or vacuolar invertase. Using bioinformatics tools, six sequences of invertase genes were identified in the P. vulgaris genome. The PvINVCW4 protein sequence contains substitutions for conserved residues in the sucrose-binding site, while qPCR showed that transcript levels were induced in the walls of small pods under stress. The findings support a promising strategy for addressing sink strength under water restriction