Aspectos farmacológicos das plantas medicinais e as implicações com o meio ambiente: revisão bibliográfica/ Pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and the implications with the environment: bibliographic review

As plantas medicinais são conhecidas desde antiguidade por serem usadas com fins terapêuticos no tratamento de doenças, tendo efeito positivo para a saúde dos seres humanos. O Brasil é o país mais rico do mundo em biodiversidade, pois abriga cerca de 20% das espécies vegetais e de microrganismos do planeta. Já na região Nordeste é marcado por um intenso uso farmacológico de diferentes plantas. Sendo assim, o interesse em plantas medicinais cresceu bastante, fazendo com que indústrias farmacêuticas busquem plantas como alvo na busca por novos fármacos para o controle alternativo de doenças. Dentre elas o Cinnamomum sp. que é utilizada contra a hiperglicemia pós-prandial. Laurus nobilis L. é usado contra distúrbios da digestão e estado gripal. Passiflora Edulis é recomendada para evitar a excitação nervosa. Matricaria recutita L. é utilizada no tratamento calmante. Foeniculum vulgare é prescrita no tratamento anti-inflamatório. Zingiber officinale é recomentada para controlar a artrite e doenças reumatológicas. Cymbopogon citratus é utilizada no tratamento antibacterianose. Peumus boldus, usado no tratamento digestivo e a Melissa officinalis é usada no tratamento gastrointestinal. Entretanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever as plantas e discutir os aspectos e os aspectos farmacológicos. As plantas medicinais são cultivadas desde a antiguidade com alto potencial terapêutico com grande importância econômica, além disso possui inter-relação com a fauna, flora e o homem, sendo fácil de cultivar em pequenas áreas e também pode ser encontrada em diversos comércios com a finalidade de controlar doenças no homem de forma alternativa

Aspectos farmacológicos das plantas medicinais e as implicações com o meio ambiente: revisão bibliográfica: Pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and the implications for the environment: literature review

As plantas medicinais são conhecidas desde antiguidade por serem usadas com fins terapêuticos no tratamento de doenças, tendo efeito positivo para a saúde dos seres humanos. O Brasil é o país mais rico do mundo em biodiversidade, pois abriga cerca de 20% das espécies vegetais e de microrganismos do planeta. Já na região Nordeste é marcado por um intenso uso farmacológico de diferentes plantas. Sendo assim, o interesse em plantas medicinais cresceu bastante, fazendo com que indústrias farmacêuticas busquem plantas como alvo na busca por novos fármacos para o controle alternativo de doenças. Dentre elas o Cinnamomum sp. que é utilizada contra a hiperglicemia pós-prandial. Laurus nobilis L. é usado contra distúrbios da digestão e estado gripal. Passiflora Edulis é recomendada para evitar a excitação nervosa. Matricaria recutita L. é utilizada no tratamento calmante. Foeniculum vulgare é prescrita no tratamento anti-inflamatório. Zingiber officinale é recomentada para controlar a artrite e doenças reumatológicas. Cymbopogon citratus é utilizada no tratamento antibacterianose. Peumus boldus, usado no tratamento digestivo e a Melissa officinalis é usada no tratamento gastrointestinal. Entretanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever as plantas e discutir os aspectos e os aspectos farmacológicos. As plantas medicinais são cultivadas desde a antiguidade com alto potencial terapêutico com grande importância econômica, além disso possui inter-relação com a fauna, flora e o homem, sendo fácil de cultivar em pequenas áreas e também pode ser encontrada em diversos comércios com a finalidade de controlar doenças no homem de forma alternativa

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages