Öğretmenlerin Radyasyon Kavramına Karşı Tutum ve Bilgilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

The purpose of this study is to try to determine the attitude and knowledge levels of teachers regarding radiation. The sample of the research consists of 274 teachers from various branches working in primary and secondary schools in a city with a population of 250 000. Personal data survey and the scale of attitude towards the radiation concept prepared by Torun, Yalçın, and Altun Yalçın (2011) were used in order to collect data. The data obtained were transferred to the SPSS 15 package program and analyzed. Evaluation was done with respect to gender of teachers in the sample, the faculty they graduated from, the institution they work at and the school level they work at and independent t-test was used to compare their opinions obtained. The One-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used in order to determine whether there are any differences between group variables related to the education branches of teachers in the sample, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine if there are differences between group variables related to the region of the university of graduation and the educational status of teachers. According to the results of the study, no significant differences were found among teachers in terms of the variables of the level of education, the region of the university of graduation, the faculty of graduation, the institution of employment and the level of education, while significant differences were found in variables the gender of teachers and their education branch.Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin radyasyon kavramına karşı tutum ve bilgi düzeyleri belirlemeye çalışmaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini İç Anadolu’nun batısında yaklaşık ikiyüzellibin nüfuslu bir ilde ilkokul ve ortaokullarda farklı branşlarda çalışan 274 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada verilerin toplanması amacıyla kişisel bilgi anketi ve daha önce Torun, Yalçin ve Altun Yalçin (2011) tarafından geliştirilen radyasyon kavramına karşı tutum ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 15 paket programına aktarılarak analiz edilmiştir. Örneklemdeki öğretmenlerin cinsiyet durumlarına, mezun oldukları fakülte durumlarına, çalışılan kurum durumuna ve çalışılan okul kademesi durumlarına göre değerlendirme yapılıp elde edilen görüşlerinin karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız t-testi uygulanmıştır. Örneklemdeki öğretmenlerin eğitim verdikleri branş ile ilgili grup değişkenleri arasında farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemek için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmış, mezun olunan üniversitenin bulunduğu bölge ve öğretmenlerin eğitim durumlarıyla ilgili grup değişkenleri arasında farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemek için ise Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre öğretmenler arasında eğitim düzeyi, mezun olunan üniversitenin bulunduğu bölge, mezun olunan fakülte, çalışılan kurum, eğitim düzeyi değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, öğretmenlerin cinsiyetleri ve eğitim verdikleri branş değişkenlerine göre anlamlı fark bulunmuştur

The Effect Of Augmented Reality Applications On Students' Self-Efficacy Perceptions and Social Skills Towards Science Learning

This study aims to examine the effect of augmented reality applications on students' self-efficacy perceptions and social skills towards learning science in the "Sound and Properties" unit. For this purpose, a learning material containing augmented reality applications called SesAR was developed to be used in the 6th grade science course, Sound and Properties unit. The research was conducted with a quasi-experimental design, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The study group of the research consisted of 160 sixth grade students studying in two public schools in the central district of a medium-sized city in the Marmara region. During the application, augmented reality material was used in the experimental group and normal course materials such as textbooks, videos, animations, etc. were used in the control group. The data of the study were collected with "Self-Efficacy Belief Scale for Science Learning" and "Social Skills Scale". Mixed measures ANOVA and dependent independent groups t-test were used to analyze the data. The statistical results of the study showed that AR applications were effective on the level of self-efficacy beliefs towards learning science in teaching the 6th grade "Sound and its Properties" unit. At the level of social skills, it was determined that the pre-test scores of the students had medium level social skills, but the post-test scores remained at medium level and there was no statistically significant difference

An investigation of anthropogenic pollution in soil samples from residential areas in Erzincan city center and its vicinity by evaluating chemical factors

To measure heavy metal pollution, 42 different soil samples were collected and analyzed from the center, cities, and villages of Erzincan. Average element concentrations in the soil samples in micrograms per gram were as follows: Cadmium (Cd, 6.1), Cobalt (Co, 52.2), Chromium(Cr, 739.6), Copper(Cu, 51.3), Nickel(Ni, 638.4), Lead (Pb, 14.2), and Zinc(Zn, 85.7), and these results were incompatible with natural background values. Heavy metal concentrations were at high levels, especially in agricultural regions and regions with mineral deposits. The results were compared to the allowable levels in soil dictated by pollution regulations in Turkey and some European countries. Krige (1962) method was used to evaluate the distribution of concentrations of heavy metals. Various methods such as Reverse Distance Weighted Interpolation Method (IDW), Local Polynomial, Radial-Based Function, and Kriging were used in preparing density maps. In the maps obtained, critical values for each heavy metal are defined. In addition, these critical values were compared with Krauskopf (1979) values. In this comparison, the values obtained in the samples showed ultramafic rocks in Erzincan region

Evaluation of hepatitis b viraemia levels in patients with hbeag-negative chronic hepatitis b virus infection

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and low-level viraemia in terms of determining HBV DNA cut-off values and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and other possible markers for discriminating between chronic hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) inactive carriers. METHODS: HBV-infected patients who were HBeAg-negative with undetectable HBV DNA by standard hybridization assay and high (HBeAg-negative group, n = 81) or normal (HBsAg inactive carrier group, n = 77) ALT levels were enrolled. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay using a COBAS Amplicor HBV monitor test was performed to detect low HBV DNA levels. RESULTS: The HBV DNA level was found to be significantly higher in the HBeAg-negative chronic HBV group (mean +/- SD 94 477 +/- 167 528 copies/nil) compared with the HBsAg inactive carrier group (mean +/- SD 19 215 +/- 57 970 copies/ml). CONCLUSIONS: A low level of viral replication may persist in chronic HBV-infected patients who are HBeAg-negative, and the level of HBV DNA was higher in the HBeAg-negative group than in the inactive HBsAg carrier group. Necroinflammation also persisted in the HBeAg-negative group and these patients had a higher level of ALT than the inactive HBsAg carriers

Investigation of radioactivity level in soil and drinking water samples collected from the city of Erzincan, Turkey

Baştuğ, Arif (Aksaray, Yazar)This study is part of an effort to assess the level of background radiation for Erzincan Province of eastern Turkey. Radionuclide activity concentrations in soil samples were measured through gamma-ray spectrometry and the average activities were determined as 8.93, 11.39, 281.94, and 9.52 Bq/kg for the radionuclides 238 U, 232Th, 40 K, and 137 Cs, respectively. The average annual effective dose from these natural radioactivity sources ( 238 U series, 232 Th series and 40 K,) was calculated to be 27.9 μSv. Radioactivity levels in drinking and potable water samples were studied using a multi-channel low level proportional counter. The average gross alpha activity concentration was found to be 0.0477 Bq/L (min. 0.007 Bq/L; max. 0.421 Bq/L) and the average gross beta activity was measured as 0.104 Bq/L (min. 0.008 Bq/L; max. 1.806 Bq/L). These values lead to an average annual effective dose of 9.75 μSv from the alpha emitters and 56.34 μSv from the beta emitting radionuclides in water. The radioactivity levels in the water samples investigated were found to comply with the reference levels recommended by WHO and the regulations set forth by the Turkish Health Ministr