Electrochemical studies on the corrosion of brass in seawater under anaerobic conditions

This paper reports an electrochemical study on the corrosion of brass in deoxygenated nonbuffered and buffered natural and artificial seawater solutions under anaerobic conditions. Cyclic voltammograms of brass and copper in natural seawater (NSW) and artificial seawater (ASW) were obtained in the passive and transpassive potential regions. The corrosion resistance of brass in natural and artificial seawater was evaluated, and opencircuit potentials were recorded over exposure period of 1 week. Brass samples from 3-month exposures in deoxygenated nonbuffered ASW and NSW, under opencircuit potential, have been imaged by scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition of the corrosion products was obtained by energy dispersive spectrometry analysis. It has been concluded that, under anaerobic conditions, the aggressivity of NSW is higher, with brass being less resistant to corrosion than copper, and that buffer contributes to reduce the aggressivity of both medi

Corrosion of brass in a natural and artificial seawater under anaerobic conditions

The corrosion of brass in deoxygenated nonbuffered and buffered artificial and natural seawater was studied. The weight gains and the average corrosion rates of brass samples, immersed in both media during periods of 1 week, 1 and 3 months, were determined. The morphology of the corroded surfaces, with and without the corrosion products, was analyzed by visual observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used for the identification of the corrosion products and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the identification of the crystalline corrosion products. In general it was concluded that deoxygenating and buffering, at pH 9, both contribute to enhance the corrosion of brass in seawate

Outbreak of Tinea capitis by Trichophyton tonsurans and Microsporum canis in Niterói, RJ, Brazil

18 girls from an orphanage (Orfanato Santo Antônio) in Niterói presented tinea capitis due to Trichophyton tonsurans (15 cases - 83.3%) and Microsporum canis (3 cases - 26.7%). Comments are made about clinical, mycological and therapeutic aspects of this microepidem

Physical activity attenuates the influence of FTO variants on obesity risk: A meta-analysis of 218,166 adults and 19,268 children

Background: The FTO gene harbors the strongest known susceptibility locus for obesity. While many individual studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) may attenuate the effect of FTO on obesity risk, other studies have not been able to confirm this interaction. To confirm or refute unambiguously whether PA attenuates the association of FTO with obesity risk, we meta-analyzed data from 45 studies of adults (n = 218,166) and nine studies of children and adolescents (n = 19,268). Methods and Findings: All studies identified to have data on the FTO rs9939609 variant (or any proxy [r2>0.8]) and PA were invited to participate, regardless of ethnicity or age of the participants. PA was standardized by categorizing it into a dichotomous variable (physically inactive versus active) in each study. Overall, 25% of adults and 13% of children were categorized as inactive. Interaction analyses were performed within each study by including the FTO×PA interaction term in an additive model, adjusting for age and sex. Subsequently, random effects meta-analysis was used to pool the interaction terms. In adults, the minor (A-) allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity by 1.23-fold/allele (95% CI 1.20-1.26), but PA attenuated this effect (pinteraction= 0.001). More specifically, the minor allele of rs9939609 increased the odds of obesity less in the physically active group (odds ratio = 1.22/allele, 95% CI 1.19-1.25) than in the inactive group (odds ratio = 1.30/allele, 95% CI 1.24-1.36). No such interaction was found in children and adolescents. Concl

Novel Loci for Adiponectin Levels and Their Influence on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Traits : A Multi-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of 45,891 Individuals

J. Kaprio, S. Ripatti ja M.-L. Lokki työryhmien jäseniä.Peer reviewe