Sarcophages et klinai. À propos de la représentation du couple dans l’art grec

À propos des couples sculptés à demi-couchés qui ornent les couvercles des sarcophages étrusques de Cerveteri, conservés respectivement au Louvre et au Musée de la Villa Giulia, on n’a guère tardé à découvrir et à commenter l’influence des modèles grecs. Une telle parenté pouvait naturellement inviter à se demander si les Grecs avaient pratiqué le même genre d’art funéraire. On sait qu’il n’en est rien. Cependant, sous d’autres aspects, les sarcophages grecs ne sont pas rares, de l’âge mycénien jusqu’à la période hellénistique. Durant l’archaïsme, c’est surtout en Grèce de l’est qu’on les rencontre. Mais il en est aussi à Tarente, comme dans la presqu’île de Kertch, un peu plus tard, dans les générations classiques. Quant aux klinai sur lesquelles banquettent les époux de Caeré, elles sont bien présentes dans les images grecques, depuis la céramique géométrique, jusqu’aux tombes macédoniennes, et au sarcophage du monument de Bélévi. Le colloque suscitait aussi une réflexion plus large sur la représentation du couple homme/femme, telle qu’on peut la rencontrer dans l’art grec, et où il est parfois difficile de distinguer divinités et mortels. Le groupe familial archaïque de Généléos, à Samos, est un monument qui fixe bien les rôles. Ce qui apparaît à partir d’une observation rapide, c’est que les Grecs, en général, ne réservent pas à l’épouse le même rang que celui qui est offert à la femme étrusque  : la céramique attique à figures rouges en porte témoignage, comme les reliefs grecs votifs et funéraires des périodes archaïque et classique. Toutefois, au milieu d’un grand nombre de scènes purement conventionnelles, certaines stèles funéraires pourraient refléter l’existence de la tendresse échangée par les deux époux.We soon found out and commented the influence of Greek models on the half-lying down sculpted couples of the Etruscan sarcophagi of Cerveteri, now in the Louvre and in the Museum of Villa Giulia. Such a kinship led to wonder whether Greeks used a similar funerary art, which they actually don’t. However, sarcophagi are not scarce in Greece, from Mycenaean times to the Hellenistic period. During the Archaic period, we find them mostly in Eastern Greece but there are some in Taranto too and in the Kerch Peninsula, in Classical times. As for the klinai on which the Caere spouses banquet, they are present in Greek iconography, from the Geometric poterry to the Macedonian tombs and the Belevi Mausoleum. This colloquium aroused a broader reflexion about the husband/wife representation, as it can be found in Greek art, where it can be difficult to distinguish gods from mortals; on that matter, the Genelaos group in Samos clearly sets the roles. By taking a quick glance, we can observe that Greek did not allotted the same rank to the wife as the Etruscans did, which is shown by red-figure pottery and votive or funerary relieves from Archaic and Classical periods. Nonetheless, even if those scenes are mainly conventional, some funerary steles could reflect some kind of tenderness between spouses

Multiphysics Modelling of Standing Column Well and Implementation of Heat Pumps Off-Loading Sequence

Abstract: A simplified but fully coupled multiphysics model involving heat transfer and groundwater flow within a SCW and its surrounding ground was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2a with MATLAB to simulate a 24-hour heating operation. The heat pumps were modeled using interpolation functions thereby allowing the effect of the pumped water temperature on the capacity and coefficient of performance of the heat pumps to be accounted for. In the model presented here, a three level bleed control is applied when the temperature of the pumped water drops to 7, 6 and 5°C. If the pumped water temperature drops below 4°C, an off-loading sequence implemented via a MATLAB function allows the heat pumps to automatically shut down one by one at 10 minute intervals. Results demonstrate that the numerical model developed in this paper can successfully evaluate the EWT over time and that both bleed and off-loading sequence played a key role in maintaining the EWT within the heat pump's operational range

Forecasting hydraulic head changes in injection wells using LSTM network

Monitoring of well's specific capacity is commonly used to plan maintenance of injection wells in open-loop GSHP and standing column well systems. However, this method does not consider the effect of temperature on hydraulic conductivity. A first step towards an alternative approach that does include the effect of temperature is proposed in this work. We present a long short-term memory network capable of predicting the water level in the injection well of an operating GSHP system. The methodology consists of building a training set using a numerical model. A total of 500 simulations were conducted to evaluate hydraulic head signals under various inlet temperatures and flow rates along with hydraulic and thermal parameters drawn from a uniform distribution. Predictive performance of the artificial neural network is tested on an operational data set. The resulting RMSE between the forecasted and operational data set is 14.8 cm

Integer Partitions and Exclusion Statistics

We provide a combinatorial description of exclusion statistics in terms of minimal difference $p$ partitions. We compute the probability distribution of the number of parts in a random minimal $p$ partition. It is shown that the bosonic point $p=0$ is a repulsive fixed point for which the limiting distribution has a Gumbel form. For all positive $p$ the distribution is shown to be Gaussian.Comment: 16 pages, 4 .eps figures include

Defective NKT cell development in mice and humans lacking the adapter SAP, the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome gene product

SAP is an adaptor protein expressed in T cells and natural killer cells. It plays a critical role in immunity, as it is mutated in humans with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), a fatal immunodeficiency characterized by an abnormal response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. SAP interacts with the SLAM family receptors and promotes transduction signal events by these receptors through its capacity to recruit and activate the Src kinase FynT. Because it has been previously established that FynT is selectively required for the development of NKT cells, we examined NKT cells in SAP-deficient mice and in humans with XLP. In the absence of SAP, the development of NKT cells is severely impaired both in mice and in humans. These results imply that SAP is a potent regulator of NKT cell development. They also identify for the first time a defect in NKT cells associated with a human primary immunodeficiency, revealing a potential role of NKT cells in the immune response to EBV

Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Uncertainty Propagation for Fatigue Assessments of Structures

Real behavior of existing structures is usually associated with large uncertainty that is often covered by the use of conservative models and code practices for the evaluation of remaining fatigue lives. In order to make better decisions related to retrofit and replacement of existing bridges, new techniques that are able to quantify fatigue reserve capacity are required. This paper presents a population-based prognosis methodology that takes advantage of in-service behavior measurements using model-based data interpretation. This approach is combined with advanced traffic and fatigue models to refine remaining-fatigue-life predictions. The study of a full-scale bridge demonstrates that this methodology provides less conservative estimations of remaining fatigue lives. In addition, this approach propagates uncertainties associated with finite-element, traffic and fatigue-damage models to quantify their effects on fatigue-damage assessments and shows that traffic models and structural model parameters are the most influential sources of uncertainty

Salvage Stereotactic Reirradiation for Local Recurrence in the Prostatic Bed After Prostatectomy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study

Background: Management of local recurrence of prostate cancer (PCa) in the prostatic bed after radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy remains challenging. Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) reirradiation in this setting and evaluate prognostic factors. Design, setting, and participants: We conducted a large multicenter retrospective series that included 117 patients who were treated with salvage SBRT for local recurrence in the prostatic bed after RP and radiotherapy in 11 centers across three countries. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Progression-free survival (PFS; biochemical, clinical, or both) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Biochemical recurrence was defined as prostate-specific antigen nadir +0.2 ng/ml, confirmed by a second increasing measure. The cumulative incidence of late toxicities was estimated using the Kalbfleisch-Prentice method by considering recurrence or death as a competing event. Results and limitations: The median follow-up was 19.5 mo. The median SBRT dose was 35 Gy. The median PFS was 23.5 mo (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 17.6-33.2). In the multivariable models, the volume of the recurrence and its contact with the urethrovesical anastomosis were significantly associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR]/10 cm3 = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.08-1.96; p = 0.01 and HR = 3.35; 95% CI, 1.38-8.16; p = 0.008, respectively). The 3-yr cumulative incidence of grade ≥2 late GU or GI toxicity was 18% (95% CI, 10-26). In the multivariable analysis, a recurrence in contact with the urethrovesical anastomosis and D2% of the bladder were significantly associated with late toxicities of any grade (HR = 3.65; 95% CI, 1.61-8.24; p = 0.002 and HR/10 Gy = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.12-3.16; p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: Salvage SBRT for local recurrence in the prostate bed may offer encouraging control and acceptable toxicity. Therefore, further prospective studies are warranted. Patient summary: We found that salvage stereotactic body radiotherapy after surgery and radiotherapy allows for encouraging control and acceptable toxicity in locally relapsed prostate cancer

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected