Los xerofluvents de la hoja de Linares

Four Xerofluvents from the Linares map (1 :50.000), sampled in the newst terraces of Guadalquivir, Guadalimar, Guadiel and Rumblar rivers, were studied: Soil classification in diferent systems (C.P.C.S., FAO-UNESCO, SOIL TAXONOMY, REFERENTlEL PEDOLOGIQUE) are similar an all cases Xerofluvents, Fluvisols, or aluvial soils. Other important characteristic are: variable mineralogy of sand; illitic clay; a little pedogenetic evolution in coleur and structure inherited from parent material; commonly lithological discontinuites; in two cases reddish and yellowish spots, owing to oxiduced deep free water.Se estudian cuatro Xerofluvents representativos de la Hoja topográfica de Linares (1:50.000), en la terrazas recientes de los ríos Guadalquivir, Guadilmar, Guadiel y Rumbal. La clasificación en diversos sistemas (C.P.C.S., FAO-UNESCO, SOIL TAXONOMY, REFERENTIEL PEDOLOGIQUE) responde bien a sus tipologías y se trata en todos los casos de Xerofluvents, Fluviosoles, o suelos aluviales brutos. Otros caracteres importantes son: mineralogía de la facción arena; muy variable; arcillas esencialmente ilíticas; cierta evolución edafogenética en la estructura y en el color heredada del material de partida (sedimento aluvial preedafizado), frecuentes discontinuidades litológicas puestas de manifiesto en diversas características morfológicas y analíticas; en algunos casos, condiciones de hidromorfía por una capa freática no reductora generando manchas de color amarillento y rojizos

Los xerofluvents de la hoja de Linares

Se estudian cuatro Xerofluvents representativos de la Hoja topográfica de Linares (1:50.000), en la terrazas recientes de los ríos Guadalquivir, Guadilmar, Guadiel y Rumbal. La clasificación en diversos sistemas (C.P.C.S., FAO-UNESCO, SOIL TAXONOMY, REFERENTIEL PEDOLOGIQUE) responde bien a sus tipologías y se trata en todos los casos de Xerofluvents, Fluviosoles, o suelos aluviales brutos. Otros caracteres importantes son: mineralogía de la facción arena; muy variable; arcillas esencialmente ilíticas; cierta evolución edafogenética en la estructura y en el color heredada del material de partida (sedimento aluvial preedafizado), frecuentes discontinuidades litológicas puestas de manifiesto en diversas características morfológicas y analíticas; en algunos casos, condiciones de hidromorfía por una capa freática no reductora generando manchas de color amarillento y rojizos.Four Xerofluvents from the Linares map (1 :50.000), sampled in the newst terraces of Guadalquivir, Guadalimar, Guadiel and Rumblar rivers, were studied: Soil classification in diferent systems (C.P.C.S., FAO-UNESCO, SOIL TAXONOMY, REFERENTlEL PEDOLOGIQUE) are similar an all cases Xerofluvents, Fluvisols, or aluvial soils. Other important characteristic are: variable mineralogy of sand; illitic clay; a little pedogenetic evolution in coleur and structure inherited from parent material; commonly lithological discontinuites; in two cases reddish and yellowish spots, owing to oxiduced deep free water

Involvement of PrPC in kainate-induced excitotoxicity in several mouse strains

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) has been associated with a plethora of cellular functions ranging from cell cycle to neuroprotection. Mice lacking PrPC show an increased susceptibility to epileptic seizures; the protein, then, is neuroprotective. However, lack of experimental reproducibility has led to considering the possibility that other factors besides PrPC deletion, such as the genetic background of mice or the presence of so-called "Prnp flanking genes", might contribute to the reported susceptibility. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of seizure-susceptibility using characterized Prnp(+/+) and Prnp(0/0) mice of B6129, B6.129, 129/Ola or FVB/N genetic backgrounds. Our study indicates that PrPC plays a role in neuroprotection in KA-treated cells and mice. For this function, PrPC should contain the aa32-93 region and needs to be linked to the membrane. In addition, some unidentified "Prnp-flanking genes" play a role parallel to PrPC in the KA-mediated responses in B6129 and B6.129 Prnp(0/0) mice

The emergence of classical BSE from atypical/Nor98 scrapie

Atypical/Nor98 scrapie (AS) is a prion disease of small ruminants. Currently there are no efficient measures to control this form of prion disease, and, importantly, the zoonotic potential and the risk that AS might represent for other farmed animal species remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the capacity of AS to propagate in bovine PrP transgenic mice. Unexpectedly, the transmission of AS isolates originating from 5 different European countries to bovine PrP mice resulted in the propagation of the classical BSE (c-BSE) agent. Detection of prion seeding activity in vitro by protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) demonstrated that low levels of the c-BSE agent were present in the original AS isolates. C-BSE prion seeding activity was also detected in brain tissue of ovine PrP mice inoculated with limiting dilutions (endpoint titration) of ovine AS isolates. These results are consistent with the emergence and replication of c-BSE prions during the in vivo propagation of AS isolates in the natural host. These data also indicate that c-BSE prions, a known zonotic agent in humans, can emerge as a dominant prion strain during passage of AS between different species. These findings provide an unprecedented insight into the evolution of mammalian prion strain properties triggered by intra- and interspecies passage. From a public health perspective, the presence of c-BSE in AS isolates suggest that cattle exposure to small ruminant tissues and products could lead to new occurrences of c-BSE

Protective Effect of Val129-PrP against Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy but not Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the only known zoonotic prion that causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. The major risk determinant for this disease is the polymorphic codon 129 of the human prion protein (Hu-PrP), where either methionine (Met129) or valine (Val129) can be encoded. To date, all clinical and neuropathologically confirmed vCJD cases have been Met129 homozygous, with the exception of 1 recently reported Met/Val heterozygous case. Here, we found that transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP show severely restricted propagation of the BSE prion strain, but this constraint can be partially overcome by adaptation of the BSE agent to the Met129 Hu-PrP. In addition, the transmission of vCJD to transgenic mice homozygous for Val129 Hu-PrP resulted in a prion with distinct strain features. These observations may indicate increased risk for vCJD secondary transmission in Val129 Hu-PrP–positive humans with the emergence of new strain features

Transcriptomic and functional analysis of the Anopheles gambiae salivary gland in relation to blood feeding

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>salivary glands play a major role in malaria transmission and express a variety of bioactive components that facilitate blood-feeding by preventing platelet aggregation, blood clotting, vasodilatation, and inflammatory and other reactions at the probing site on the vertebrate host.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have performed a global transcriptome analysis of the <it>A. gambiae </it>salivary gland response to blood-feeding, to identify candidate genes that are involved in hematophagy. A total of 4,978 genes were found to be transcribed in this tissue. A comparison of salivary gland transcriptomes prior to and after blood-feeding identified 52 and 41 transcripts that were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Ten genes were further selected to assess their role in the blood-feeding process using RNAi-mediated gene silencing methodology. Depletion of the salivary gland genes encoding <it>D7L2</it>, <it>anophelin</it>, <it>peroxidase</it>, the <it>SG2 precursor</it>, and a <it>5'nucleotidase </it>gene significantly increased probing time of <it>A. gambiae </it>mosquitoes and thereby their capacity to blood-feed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The salivary gland transcriptome comprises approximately 38% of the total mosquito transcriptome and a small proportion of it is dynamically changing already at two hours in response to blood feeding. A better understanding of the salivary gland transcriptome and its function can contribute to the development of pathogen transmission control strategies and the identification of medically relevant bioactive compounds.</p

Precise measurement of the W-boson mass with the CDF II detector

We have measured the W-boson mass MW using data corresponding to 2.2/fb of integrated luminosity collected in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.96 TeV with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. Samples consisting of 470126 W->enu candidates and 624708 W->munu candidates yield the measurement MW = 80387 +- 12 (stat) +- 15 (syst) = 80387 +- 19 MeV. This is the most precise measurement of the W-boson mass to date and significantly exceeds the precision of all previous measurements combined