Optical Analysis of a Hexagonal 42kWe High-flux Solar Simulator

AbstractA 42-kWe high-flux solar simulator with hexagonal reflector symmetry has been designed, built and optically characterized at IMDEA Energy Institute, Spain. This facility makes possible the lab-scale generation of a quasi-uniform high radiation flux density and high stagnation temperatures and it will be used as a platform for analyzing processes under concentrating solar energy conditions; for instance, central receivers in concentrating solar power plants and solar fuel production process in thermochemical reactors. The high-flux solar simulator consists of seven reflector-lamp pairs arranged in the center and vertices of a regular hexagon. The 6-kWe Xe short arc lamps are allocated in the primary focus of the corresponding truncated ellipsoidal reflector. This hexagonal symmetry provides compactness and quasi-uniform spatial distribution of the radiation at the system common focal plane.This work presents the experimental characterization of the solar simulator optical performance. Preliminary measurements indicate an average flux density at the focal plane of 3.5 MW/m2 that means 3,500 suns (1 sun = 1kW/m2) and stagnation temperature of approximately 2,800K

A lab-scale rotary kiln for thermal treatment of particulate materials under high concentrated solar radiation: Experimental assessment and transient numerical modeling

Rotary kilns are worldwide used for industrial processes that involve thermal treatments of particulate materials. However, a great amount of fossil fuels is employed in such processes. As alternative, solar rotary kilns are considered for this application due to their versatility and potential to substitute traditional fossil-fuel driven devices. In order to boost the development of this technology, efforts have to be focused on the control of the particle temperature during the treatment. In this context, a lab-scale rotary kiln was built and tested using a 7- kWe high-flux solar simulator at University of Antofagasta. It was conceived to treat particulate materials of different nature and it is able to reach temperatures higher than 800 °C under different operation strategies. Silicon carbide was selected for initial tests because it is inert, endures high temperatures (up to 1600 °C) and it has been proposed as thermal storage vector in several researches on concentrated solar power. In a first stage, the empty kiln was preheated up to about 800 °C, reaching a steady state in less than three hours and with a power of approximately 370 W entering the kiln cavity. Afterwards, 43 g of silicon carbide were introduced in the furnace and the system was heated again up to a second steady state above 800 °C. In this stage, particles showed a fast increment of their temperature and exceeded 700 °C in less than three minutes after loading. A one-dimensional transient numerical model was also developed to perform the thermal analysis of the kiln and the estimation of both the particle temperature and the system efficiency. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data and thermal losses could be quantified in detail. Therefore, the model was also used to predict the thermal behavior of a solar rotary kiln working in batch mode.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/ FONDAP/15110019 “Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Sectorial Fund CONACYT-SENER-Energy Sustainability, through grant 207450, Mexican Center for Innovation in Solar Energy (CeMIE-Sol), whithin strategic project P-10 “Solar Fuels and Industrial Processes” (COSOLpi). Special thanks go to the students Lou Cardinale, Rodrigo Méndez, and Daniel Vidal who gave a precious contribution during the experimental trials at LaCoSA of University of Antofagasta

Use of rotary kilns for solar thermal applications: Review of developed studies and analysis of their potential

Rotary kilns have a long history of use in classical industries. They are able to achieve high temperatures with higher thermal efficiencies than other reactor types. Their performance has been widely studied and classified according to different parameters. Since it is a well-known technology, rotary kilns have been selected for high temperature solar processes. This article initially presents a brief review of the rotary kiln technology and it focuses on the employment of these devices for thermal and thermochemical processes conducted by concentrating solar energy. Among the solar devices, a novel rotary kiln prototype for thermochemical processes is presented and compared with a static solar reactor. Finally, some practical conclusions on the design and operation of solar rotary kilns are remarked and an analysis of their main limitations is presented.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/FONDAP/ 15110019 ‘‘Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. Also, the second author wish to thank to the Plataforma Solar de Almería and the University of Almería for the collaboration and assistance devoted to the development of his Ph.D research

Medición de temperatura de no contacto de superficies sólidas irradiadas por energía solar concentrada mediante obturación con películas PDLC: una nueva metodología

CIES2020 - XVII Congresso Ibérico e XIII Congresso Ibero-americano de Energia SolarRESUMEN: En este trabajo se presenta una nueva metodología para la medición de la temperatura de superficies sólidas expuestas a radiación solar concentrada, mediante la técnica de obturación utilizando una película PDLC. Esta nueva metodología permitirá separar el espectro de radiación emitido por la muestra del espectro de radiación reflejado, y permitirá medir solamente la temperatura referente a la potencia emisiva de la muestra, utilizando un pirómetro monocromático en un horno solar. Se describe el arreglo experimental que se propone para implementar esta metodología. El arreglo consistente de un horno solar (MHS IER-UNAM), de una ventana de película PDLC y de una cámara de medición de temperatura. Se muestran las transmitancias de la película PDLC destacando la pertinencia de su uso para esta aplicación solar. La calibración del pirómetro monocromático arrojó un aff-set del -4% del valor nominal. La respuesta térmica de la muestra de grafito que se usará como referencia arrojó valores entre 502.6 y 1747.8 segundos dependiendo del proceso de calentamiento o enfriamiento.ABSTRACT: In this work, a new methodology for measuring the temperature of solid surfaces exposed to concentrated solar radiation, using the shutter technique and a PDLC film is presented. This new methodology will allow the separation of the radiation spectrum emitted by the sample from the reflected radiation spectrum, and it will allow only the temperature referring to the emissive power of the sample to be measured, using a monochromatic pyrometer in a solar furnace. The experimental arrangement that is proposed to implement this methodology is described. The arrangement consisting of a solar furnace (MHS IER-UNAM), a PDLC film window and a temperature measurement chamber. The transmittances of the PDLC film are shown, highlighting the relevance of its use for this solar application. The monochrome pyrometer calibration yielded an aff-set of -4% of the nominal value. The thermal response of the graphite sample to be used as a reference yielded values between 502.6 and 1747.8 seconds depending on the heating or cooling process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Incidencia de los tiros libres en partidos de baloncesto profesional = Incidence of free throws in professional basketball games

P. 73-82El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la incidencia que tiene el tiro libre sobre el resultado final del encuentro, además de ver que otros factores pueden influir en el porcentaje final de aciertos de tiros libres, comparando para ello las ligas profesionales nacionales con la competición europea. Para ello se han analizado un total de 59364 tiros libres efectuados en 1722 partidos correspondientes a dos temporadas de las ligas profesionales de baloncesto españolas (ACB y LFB) y europeas (Euroleague y Euroleague Women). Se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo, un análisis de sincronía y un análisis de los residuos tipificados corregidos. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los tiros libres en el resultado final, en especial en las ligas masculinas y cuando el marcador final es ajustado. Así mismo, el factor cancha como local tiene relación con una mayor eficacia en los tiros libres y en lograr la victoriaS

Incidence of free throws in professional basketball games

El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la incidencia que tiene el tiro libre sobre el resultado final del encuentro, además de ver que otros factores pueden influir en el porcentaje final de aciertos de tiros libres, comparando para ello las ligas profesionales nacionales con la competición europea. Para ello se han analizado un total de 59364 tiros libres efectuados en 1722 partidos correspondientes a dos temporadas de las ligas profesionales de baloncesto españolas (ACB y LFB) y europeas (Euroleague y Euroleague Women). Se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo, un análisis de sincronía y un análisis de los residuos tipificados corregidos. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los tiros libres en el resultado final, en especial en las ligas masculinas y cuando el marcador final es ajustado. Así mismo, el factor cancha como local tiene relación con una mayor eficacia en los tiros libres y en lograr la victoria.The aim of this study is to describe the incident of the free throw on the final results of the basketball match, and see how other factors may influence the final average of successful free throws, comparing national leagues with European competition. A total of 59,364 free throws have been analyzed, corresponding to 1722 matches from two seasons of the Spanish professional basketball league (ACB and LFB) and European league (Euroleague Euroleague and women). Has been made descriptive analysis, an analysis of synchrony and an analysis of the residuals corrected. The results demonstrate the importance of free throws for the final score, especially in male and when is a close match. Likewise, the home court advantage is related to higher efficiency in free throws and win the match.peerReviewe

Malignancy following heart transplantation: differences in incidence and prognosis between sexes – a multicenter cohort study

[Abstract] Male patients are at increased risk for developing malignancy postheart transplantation (HT); however, real incidence and prognosis in both genders remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess differences in incidence and mortality related to malignancy between genders in a large cohort of HT patients. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated for all tumors, skin cancers (SCs), lymphoma, and nonskin solid cancers (NSSCs) as well as survival since first diagnosis of neoplasia. 5865 patients (81.6% male) were included. Total incidence rates for all tumors, SCs, and NSSCs were lower in females [all tumors: 25.7 vs. 44.8 per 1000 person‐years; rate ratio (RR) 0.68, (0.60–0.78), P < 0.001]. Mortality rates were also lower in females for all tumors [94.0 (77.3–114.3) vs. 129.6 (120.9–138.9) per 1000 person‐years; RR 0.76, (0.62–0.94), P = 0.01] and for NSSCs [125.0 (95.2–164.0) vs 234.7 (214.0–257.5) per 1000 person‐years; RR 0.60 (0.44–0.80), P = 0.001], albeit not for SCs or lymphoma. Female sex was associated with a better survival after diagnosis of malignancy [log‐rank p test = 0.0037; HR 0.74 (0.60–0.91), P = 0.004]. In conclusion, incidence of malignancies post‐HT is higher in males than in females, especially for SCs and NSSCs. Prognosis after cancer diagnosis is also worse in males

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Incidencia de los tiros libres en partidos de baloncesto profesional

The aim of this study is to describe the incident of the free throw on the final results of the basketball match, and see how other factors may influence the final average of successful free throws, comparing national leagues with European competition. A total of 59,364 free throws have been analyzed, corresponding to 1722 matches from two seasons of the Spanish professional basketball league (ACB and LFB) and European league (Euroleague Euroleague and women). Has been made descriptive analysis, an analysis of synchrony and an analysis of the residuals corrected. The results demonstrate the importance of free throws for the final score, especially in male and when is a close match. Likewise, the home court advantage is related to higher efficiency in free throws and win the match.Key words:El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la incidencia que tiene el tiro libre sobre el resultado final del encuentro, además de ver que otros factores pueden influir en el porcentaje final de aciertos de tiros libres, comparando para ello las ligas profesionales nacionales con la competición europea. Para ello se han analizado un total de 59364 tiros libres efectuados en 1722 partidos correspondientes a dos temporadas de las ligas profesionales de baloncesto españolas (ACB y LFB) y europeas (Euroleague y Euroleague Women). Se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo, un análisis de sincronía y un análisis de los residuos tipificados corregidos. Los resultados evidencian la importancia de los tiros libres en el resultado final, en especial en las ligas masculinas y cuando el marcador final es ajustado. Así mismo, el factor cancha como local tiene relación con una mayor eficacia en los tiros libres y en lograr la victoria