“1+1 = pareja educativa”

As part of the research "Malaguzzi Loris pedagogical theory" that has been developed at the National University of Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina. We boarded the successful experience of the preschools of Reggio Emilia in Italy, in terms of work in "educational partner" as educators imbued with the complexity of teaching and learning, we believe that the role of teachers within this methodology is training full of untold possibilities for "good teaching". Malaguzzi (mentor of this pedagogical) understands that education is a working partner peer relational whose practices are part of an interactionist and socio-constructivist project, where teachers perceive the need to enhance their professional skills, to transform the facts in mind, the reflection thoughts and reflections on changes in thought and action, engaging "in a productive confrontation in the service of teaching ... to think well together .... merged into a post to discover in their work shared the 100 signals the child, "one hundred powerful and vital signs that children sent to adult world" and that often go unnoticed.En el marco de la investigación La teoría pedagógica de Loris Malaguzzi, que se viene esarrollando en la Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina, abordamos la exitosa experiencia de las escuelas infantiles de Reggio Emilia en Italia, específicamente su trabajo relacionado con la “pareja educativa”. Como educadores consustanciados con la complejidad que supone enseñar y aprender, consideramos que el papel del docente dentro de esta metodología es de formación continua y está lleno de posibilidades indescriptibles para la “buena enseñanza”. Malaguzzi (mentor de esta concepción pedagógica) entiende que la pareja educativa es un “trabajo entre iguales”, cuyas prácticas relacionales se enmarcan en un “proyecto interaccionista y socioconstructivista”, donde los maestros perciben la necesidad de fomentar sus competencias profesionales, de transformar los hechos en pensamiento, los pensamientos en reflexión y las reflexiones en cambios de pensamiento y acción, implicándose en “una confrontación productiva al servicio de la enseñanza […] estar juntos para pensar igual […] fundirse en pro de descubrir en su trabajo compartido”, las 100 señales del niño: “cien señales potentes y vitales que los niños envían al mundo de los adultos” y que suelen pasar desapercibidas.No marco da investigação A teoria pedagógica de Loris Malaguzzi, que se vem desenvolvendo na Universidade Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina, abordamos a exitosa experiência das escolas infantis de Reggio Emilia em Itália, especificamente seu trabalho relacionado com la casal educativo”. Como educadores consustanciados com a complexidade que supõe ensinar e aprender, consideramos que o papel do docente dentro desta metodologia é de formação contínua e está cheio de possibilidades indescriptibles para a “bom ensino”. Malaguzzi (mentor desta concepção pedagógica) entende que o casal educativo é um “trabalho entre iguais”, cujas práticas relacionales se enmarcan num “projecto interaccionista e socioconstructivista”, onde os maestros percebem a necessidade de fomentar suas concorrências profissionais, de transformar os factos em pensamento, os pensamentos em reflexão e as reflexões em mudanças de pensamento e acção, implicando-se em #8220;uma &confrontación produtiva ao serviço do ensino […] estar juntos para pensar igual […] fundir-se em pró de descobrir em seu trabalho compartilhado”, as 100 sinais do menino: “cem sinais potentes e vitais que os meninos enviam ao mundo dos adultos” e que costumam passar desapercibidas.&nbsp

Semantic Geodemography and Urban Interoperability

Nowadays there exists an increasing interest on the use of the information collected by cities coming from different resources as data with dynamic nature like the one provided by sensor networks, as static data associated to the socio-technical system that the city performs. As well as the Semantic Sensor Web allows the standardization of data, it is essential to give an appropriate dealing to geo-demographic data. In this paper, an approach to the semantization of the geo-demographic information is presented, with the aim of achieving interoperability within other systems of the geospatial cyberinfrastructure. Furthermore, fundamental aspects of the creation of ontologies by starting from socio-demographical systems are discussed and the process is illustrated with a case study.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2009-09492Junta de Andalucía TIC-606

Rosiglitazone-induced CD36 up-regulation resolves inflammation by PPARγ and 5-LO-dependent pathways.

PPARγ-achieved neuroprotection in experimental stroke has been explained by the inhibition of inflammatory genes, an action in which 5-LO, Alox5, is involved. In addition, PPARγ is known to promote the expression of CD36, a scavenger receptor that binds lipoproteins and mediates bacterial recognition and also phagocytosis. As phagocytic clearance of neutrophils is a requisite for resolution of the inflammatory response, PPARγ-induced CD36 expression might help to limit inflammatory tissue injury in stroke, an effect in which 5-LO might also be involved. Homogenates, sections, and cellular suspensions were prepared from brains of WT and Alox5(-/-) mice exposed to distal pMCAO. BMMs were obtained from Lys-M Cre(+) PPARγ(f/f) and Lys-M Cre(-) PPARγ(f/f) mice. Stereological counting of double-immunofluorescence-labeled brain sections and FACS analysis of cell suspensions was performed. In vivo and in vitro phagocytosis of neutrophils by microglia/macrophages was analyzed. PPARγ activation with RSG induced CD36 expression in resident microglia. This process was mediated by the 5-LO gene, which is induced in neurons by PPARγ activation and at least by one of its products--LXA4--which induced CD36 independently of PPARγ. Moreover, CD36 expression helped resolution of inflammation through phagocytosis, concomitantly to neuroprotection. Based on these findings, in addition to a direct modulation by PPARγ, we propose in brain a paracrine model by which products generated by neuronal 5-LO, such as LXA4, increase the microglial expression of CD36 and promote tissue repair in pathologies with an inflammatory component, such as stroke.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness CSD2010-00045 (to M.A.M.) SAF2009-08145 and SAF2012-33216 (to M.A.M.), SAF2011-23354 (toI.L.), SAF2009-07466 and SAF2012-31483 (to M.R.), from Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” RETICS RD12/0014/0003 (to I.L. and from the local govern-ment of Madrid S2010/BMD-2336 (to M.A.M.) and S2010/BMD-2349 (to I.L.). I.B. and M.I.C. are fellows of the Spanish Ministry ofEconomy and Competitiveness. The authors thank Tamara Atanesand Roberto Cañadas for their technical assistance.S

Under control: how a dietary additive can restore the gut microbiome and proteomic profile, and improve disease resilience in a marine teleostean fish fed vegetable diets

[Background]: The constant increase of aquaculture production and wealthy seafood consumption has forced the industry to explore alternative and more sustainable raw aquafeed materials, and plant ingredients have been used to replace marine feedstuffs in many farmed fish. The objective of the present study was to assess whether plant-based diets can induce changes in the intestinal mucus proteome, gut autochthonous microbiota and disease susceptibility of fish, and whether these changes could be reversed by the addition of sodium butyrate to the diets. Three different trials were performed using the teleostean gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) as model. In a first preliminary short-term trial, fish were fed with the additive (0.8%) supplementing a basal diet with low vegetable inclusion (D1) and then challenged with a bacteria to detect possible effects on survival. In a second trial, fish were fed with diets with greater vegetable inclusion levels (D2, D3) and the long-term effect of sodium butyrate at a lower dose (0.4%) added to D3 (D4 diet) was tested on the intestinal proteome and microbiome. In a third trial, the long-term effectiveness of sodium butyrate (D4) to prevent disease outcome after an intestinal parasite (Enteromyxum leei) challenge was tested. [Results]: The results showed that opposed forces were driven by dietary plant ingredients and sodium butyrate supplementation in fish diet. On the one hand, vegetable diets induced high parasite infection levels that provoked drops in growth performance, decreased intestinal microbiota diversity, induced the dominance of the Photobacterium genus, as well as altered the gut mucosal proteome suggesting detrimental effects on intestinal function. On the other hand, butyrate addition slightly decreased cumulative mortality after bacterial challenge, avoided growth retardation in parasitized fish, increased intestinal microbiota diversity with a higher representation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reversed most vegetable diet-induced changes in the gut proteome. [Conclusions]: This integrative work gives insights on the pleiotropic effects of a dietary additive on the restoration of intestinal homeostasis and disease resilience, using a multifaceted approach.This work has been carried out with financial support from the European Union under grant projects ARRAINA (FP7-KBBE-2011-288,925) to JPS, MP and VK and ParaFishControl (H2020-634429) to ASB. Additional funding has been received from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) project no. AGL2013- 48560-R to JPS and ASB, and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/085) to ASB. MCP was contracted under CSIC PIE project no. 201740E013 and MINECO FPDI-2013-15741, and IE under APOSTD/2016/037 grant by the “Generalitat Valenciana”.We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Comparison of zebrafish and mice knockouts for Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy proteins indicates that GlialCAM/MLC1 forms a functional unit

[Abstract] Background: Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with subcortical Cysts (MLC) is a rare type of leukodystrophy characterized by astrocyte and myelin vacuolization, epilepsy and early-onset macrocephaly. MLC is caused by mutations in MLC1 or GLIALCAM, coding for two membrane proteins with an unknown function that form a complex specifically expressed in astrocytes at cell-cell junctions. Recent studies in Mlc1−/− or Glialcam−/− mice and mlc1−/− zebrafish have shown that MLC1 regulates glial surface levels of GlialCAM in vivo and that GlialCAM is also required for MLC1 expression and localization at cell-cell junctions. Methods: We have generated and analysed glialcama−/− zebrafish. We also generated zebrafish glialcama−/− mlc1−/− and mice double KO for both genes and performed magnetic resonance imaging, histological studies and biochemical analyses. Results: glialcama−/− shows megalencephaly and increased fluid accumulation. In both zebrafish and mice, this phenotype is not aggravated by additional elimination of mlc1. Unlike mice, mlc1 protein expression and localization are unaltered in glialcama−/− zebrafish, possibly because there is an up-regulation of mlc1 mRNA. In line with these results, MLC1 overexpressed in Glialcam−/− mouse primary astrocytes is located at cell-cell junctions. Conclusions: This work indicates that the two proteins involved in the pathogenesis of MLC, GlialCAM and MLC1, form a functional unit, and thus, that loss-of-function mutations in these genes cause leukodystrophy through a common pathway.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; SAF2015–70377Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; RTI2018–093493-B-I00Generalitat de Catalunya; SGR2014–1178Generalitat de Catalunya; SGR014–2016Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI16/00267-R-Fede

Geomonumental routes: the granitic bridges over the Guadarrama river (Madrid, Spain) and the calcarenitic coastal towers from the Salento (Italy)

8 pages, 7 figures.-- Published in: Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone (Torun Poland, 15-20 September 2008), eds. Jadwiga W. Lukaszewicz and Piotr Niemcewicz.-- Presentation in PDF format available at: https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/7648.This paper focuses on the new concept of GeoMonumental Routes, which mainly consists of the dissemination of architectural heritage with the added value of geology. Geology, so far, has not been considered in all its aspects in architectural heritage: i.e. geography, geomorphology, quarries provenance, building stones, and their relationship with historical and architectural aspects, constructive techniques and technological developments, as well as the connection of heritage structures to the settlement of historical routes. For this purpose, two scientific teams have gathered to develop two of this kind of routes following a common methodology, based on different geographical context, geological settlement, history, structure tipology and building stones.Thanks are given to both Ministries of Education from Spain and Italy for granting the CSIC-CNR bilateral cooperation project (2006IT0021).Peer reviewe

Detección de yemas brotadas para la estimación temprana del rendimiento de una plantación de kiwi

Se presentan aquí resultados de detección de órganos vegetales en imágenes usando redes convolucionales, correspondientes a la primera etapa de un proyecto que propone desarrollar procedimientos para estimar en forma temprana el rendimiento de un lote de producción de kiwi. Para lograr la predicción del rendimiento, se consideran tres estadíos fenológicos del crecimiento del kiwi y para validar, se dispondrá de resultados finales de cosecha. Para cada etapa se consideran 1000 imágenes, capturadas en toda el área cubierta por el cultivo, que permiten entrenar y elegir un modelo para conteo automático de objetos. Además, el modelo se evalúa en 50 sitios elegidos al azar en la plantación, donde se compara el conteo manual con el conteo automático obtenido sobre imágenes de cada sitio. Los resultados en esta primera etapa, realizada sobre yemas brotadas en 47 sitios de la plantación, son promisorios en cuanto a la utilización de modelos de deep learning para detección de objetos y muestran la necesidad de profundizar en el ajuste de modelos y estrategias de conteo. Esto permite inferir que puede utilizarse el conteo automático como input en el modelo predictivo final. La metodología propuesta permitirá la predicción del rendimiento total de la plantación.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidine-3-Carboxamide and N-Benzyl-6′,7′-Dihydrospiro[Piperidine-4,4′-Thieno[3,2-c]Pyran] analogues with bactericidal efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting MmpL3

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (TB). Current treatment programs to combat TB are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant TB. As part of our efforts towards the discovery of new anti-tubercular leads, a number of potent tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-ca​rboxamide(THPP) and N-benzyl-6′,7′-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,​4′-thieno[3,2-c]pyran](Spiro) analogues were recently identified against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG through a high-throughput whole-cell screening campaign. Herein, we describe the attractive in vitro and in vivo anti-tubercular profiles of both lead series. The generation of M. tuberculosis spontaneous mutants and subsequent whole genome sequencing of several resistant mutants identified single mutations in the essential mmpL3 gene. This ‘genetic phenotype’ was further confirmed by a ‘chemical phenotype’, whereby M. bovis BCG treated with both the THPP and Spiro series resulted in the accumulation of trehalose monomycolate. In vivo efficacy evaluation of two optimized THPP and Spiro leads showed how the compounds were able to reduce >2 logs bacterial cfu counts in the lungs of infected mice

Functional consequences of microbial shifts in the human gastrointestinal tract linked to antibiotic treatment and obesity

The microbiomes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of individuals receiving antibiotics and those in obese subjects undergo compositional shifts, the metabolic effects and linkages of which are not clearly understood. Herein, we set to gain insight into these effects, particularly with regard to carbohydrate metabolism, and to contribute to unravel the underlying mechanisms and consequences for health conditions. We measured the activity level of GIT carbohydrate-active enzymes toward 23 distinct sugars in adults patients (n = 2) receiving 14-d β-lactam therapy and in obese (n = 7) and lean (n = 5) adolescents. We observed that both 14 d antibiotic-treated and obese subjects showed higher and less balanced sugar anabolic capacities, with 40% carbohydrates being preferentially processed as compared with non-treated and lean patients. Metaproteome-wide metabolic reconstructions confirmed that the impaired utilization of sugars propagated throughout the pentose phosphate metabolism, which had adverse consequences for the metabolic status of the GIT microbiota. The results point to an age-independent positive association between GIT glycosidase activity and the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance (r2 ≥ 0.95). Moreover, antibiotics altered the active fraction of enzymes controlling the thickness, composition and consistency of the mucin glycans. Our data and analyses provide biochemical insights into the effects of antibiotic usage on the dynamics of the GIT microbiota and pin-point presumptive links to obesity. The knowledge and the hypotheses generated herein lay a foundation for subsequent, systematic research that will be paramount for the design of “smart” dietary and therapeutic interventions to modulate host-microbe metabolic co-regulation in intestinal homeostasis