Mutagenesis and polyploidization for creation of new genetic variability of Hydrangea macrophylla

Für die Erweiterung der Zuchtmethodik bei Hydrangea macrophylla gelangten Methoden der induzierten Mutagenese und Polyploidisierung zur Anwendung. Für die Mutagenese wurden In-vitro-Nodienexplantate der Sorte Blaumeise mit Röntgenstrahlung mit den Dosen 5, 10, 15, 20 und 30 Gy behandelt. Die letale Dosis von 50% lag zwischen 20 und 30 Gy. Nach Gewächshausüberführung zeigten die bestrahlten Pflanzen veränderte Merkmale wie Wuchsdepressionen, deformierte Blütenstände und schwarze Stiele. Die Polyploidisierung wurde ebenfalls in vitro an Nodienexplantaten durchgeführt. Ausgangsmaterial waren die diploiden Sorten Adria und Libelle sowie die triploiden Sorten Blaumeise und Nachtigall. Kolchizin und Trifluralin dienten als chemische Agenzien zur Hemmung der Mitose. Nach Kolchizinbehandlung wurden nur vier Ploidiechimären gefunden. Trifluralin war weitaus effektiver. Bereits eine Konzentration von 0,001% Trifluralin induzierte die Bildung polyploidisierter Pflanzen. Hexaploide Pflanzen der Sorten Blaumeise und Nachtigall zeigten eine sehr starke Wuchsdepres­sion und Blattdeformierungen, die Blütenbildung war gestört. Dagegen waren tetraploide Pflanzen der Sorten Adria und Libelle attraktiv wie ihre diploiden Ausgangsformen. Die Flowzytometrie ermöglichte eine schnelle Feststellung des Ploidieniveaus und nach Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung mit Gensequenzen der 5S und 18/25S rDNA erfolgte die Bestimmung der Karyo­typen. Beide ribosomale Gensequenzen waren jeweils nur ein Mal im haploiden Genom auf unterschiedlichen Chromosomen lokalisiert. Die Bedeutung der Methoden Mutagenese und Polyploidisierung zur Schaffung von Prebreeding-Material wird diskutiert. Insbesondere der Einsatz von tetraploiden Hortensien im Zuchtprozess scheint ein aussichtsreicher Beitrag zur Erweiterung des bestehenden Sortenspektrums zu sein.    The suitability of induced mutagenesis and polyploidization of Hydrangea macrophylla to be incorporated in breeding programs was investigated. For mutagenesis nodal explants in vitro of variety Blaumeise were irra­diated with X-rays (5, 10, 20 and 30 Gy). The lethal dose of 50% was between 20 and 30 Gy. Irradiated plants were transferred to the greenhouse. New phenotypic traits like dwarfism, deformed leaves or black stems were observed. Polyploidization was carried out on nodal explants in vitro, too. Plant material was from the diploid varieties Adria and Libelle as well as from the triploid varieties Blaumeise and Nachtigall. For mitosis inhibition colchicine and trifluralin were used. After treatment with colchicine only four ploidy chimeric plants were found. The effectiveness of trifluralin was much better. Already after treatment with 0.001% trifluralin polyploidized plants were received. Hexaploid plants showed a strong dwarfism and deformed leaves. By contrast, tetraploid plants were attractive like the diploid origins. The flow cytometry enabled rapid ploidy estimation and after the fluorescence in situ hybridization with gene sequences of 5S and 18/25S rDNA the karyotypes were characterized. Each ribosomal DNA sequence used was localized one time on the haploid genome on different chromosomes. The relevance of mutagenesis and polyploidization for creation of pre-breeding material will be discussed. Especially the utilization of tetraploid hydrangeas seems to be a useful tool for the development of new hydrangea varieties.   &nbsp

Comportamiento epidemiológico de los trastornos depresivos en el Área de Salud Catedral Noreste , San José, Costa Rica, 2003-2009

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el comportamiento de los trastornos depresivos en el periodo 2003-2009 en el área de salud Catedral NoresteUniversidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Enfermerí

Nowe media w bibliotece : materiały z polsko-niemieckiej konferencji bibliotekarzy, Zielona Góra 14-16 kwietnia 2004 = Neue Medien in der Bibliothek : Materialien aus der deutsch-polnischen Konferenz der Bibliothekaren und Bibliothekarinnen, Zielona Góra den 14-16. April 2004

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Feminist Reflections on the Scope of Labour Law: Domestic Work, Social Reproduction and Jurisdiction

Drawing on feminist labour law and political economy literature, I argue that it is crucial to interrogate the personal and territorial scope of labour. After discussing the “commodification” of care, global care chains, and body work, I claim that the territorial scope of labour law must be expanded beyond that nation state to include transnational processes. I use the idea of social reproduction both to illustrate and to examine some of the recurring regulatory dilemmas that plague labour markets. I argue that unpaid care and domestic work performed in the household, typically by women, troubles the personal scope of labour law. I use the example of this specific type of personal service relation to illustrate my claim that the jurisdiction of labour law is historical and contingent, rather than conceptual and universal. I conclude by identifying some of the implications of redrawing the territorial and personal scope of labour law in light of feminist understandings of social reproduction

Quality assessment of positron emission tomography scans:Recommendations for future multicentre trials

BACKGROUND: Standardization protocols and guidelines for positron emission tomography (PET) in multicenter trials are available, despite a large variability in image acquisition and reconstruction parameters exist. In this study, we investigated the compliance of PET scans to the guidelines of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). From these results, we provide recommendations for future multicenter studies using PET. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients included in a multicenter randomized phase II study had repeated PET scans for early response assessment. Relevant acquisition and reconstruction parameters were extracted from the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) header of the images. The PET image parameters were compared to the guidelines of the EANM for tumor imaging version 1.0 recommended parameters. RESULTS: From the 223 included patients, 167 baseline scans and 118 response scans were available from 15 hospitals. Scans of 19% of the patients had an uptake time that fulfilled the Uniform Protocols for Imaging in Clinical Trials response assessment criteria. The average quality score over all hospitals was 69%. Scans with a non-compliant uptake time had a larger standard deviation of the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) of the liver than scans with compliant uptake times. CONCLUSIONS: Although a standardization protocol was agreed on, there was a large variability in imaging parameters. For future, multicenter studies including PET imaging a prospective central quality review during patient inclusion is needed to improve compliance with image standardization protocols as defined by EANM

Clinically Actionable Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertriglyceridemia in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentage of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in whom intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides was indicated based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter, longitudinal cohort study included children with NAFLD enrolled in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Fasting lipid profiles were obtained at diagnosis. Standardized dietary recommendations were provided. After 1 year, lipid profiles were repeated and interpreted according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction. Main outcomes were meeting criteria for clinically actionable dyslipidemia at baseline, and either achieving lipid goal at follow-up or meeting criteria for ongoing intervention. RESULTS: There were 585 participants, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence of children warranting intervention for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at baseline was 14%. After 1 year of recommended dietary changes, 51% achieved goal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 27% qualified for enhanced dietary and lifestyle modifications, and 22% met criteria for pharmacologic intervention. Elevated triglycerides were more prevalent, with 51% meeting criteria for intervention. At 1 year, 25% achieved goal triglycerides with diet and lifestyle changes, 38% met criteria for advanced dietary modifications, and 37% qualified for antihyperlipidemic medications. CONCLUSIONS: More than one-half of children with NAFLD met intervention thresholds for dyslipidemia. Based on the burden of clinically relevant dyslipidemia, lipid screening in children with NAFLD is warranted. Clinicians caring for children with NAFLD should be familiar with lipid management

[18F]FDG PET/CT-based response assessment of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with paclitaxel-carboplatin-bevacizumab with or without nitroglycerin patches

Purpose Nitroglycerin (NTG) is a vasodilating drug, which increases tumor blood flow and consequently decreases hypoxia. Therefore, changes in [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F] FDG PET) uptake pattern may occur. In this analysis, we investigated the feasibility of [18F] FDG PET for response assessment to paclitaxel-carboplatin-bevacizumab (PCB) treatment with and without NTG patches. And we compared the [18F] FDG PET response assessment to RECIST response assessment and survival. Methods A total of 223 stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were included in a phase II study (NCT01171170) randomizing between PCB treatment with or without NTG patches. For 60 participating patients, a baseline and a second [18F] FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) scan, performed between day 22 and 24 after the start of treatment, were available. Tumor response was defined as a 30 % decrease in CT and PET parameters, and was compared to RECIST response at week 6. The predictive value of these assessments for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed with and without NTG. Results A 30 % decrease in SUVpeak assessment identified more patients as responders compared to a 30 % decrease in CT diameter assessment (73 % vs. 18 %), however, this was not correlated to OS (SUVpeak30 p = 0.833; CTdiameter30 p = 0.557). Changes in PET parameters between the baseline and the second scan were not significantly different for the NTG group compared to the control group (p value range 0.159-0.634). The CT-based (part of the [18F] FDG PET/CT) parameters showed a significant difference between the baseline and the second scan for the NTG group compared to the control group (CT diameter decrease of 7 +/- 23 % vs. 19 +/- 14 %, p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions The decrease in tumoral FDG uptake in advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy with and without NTG did not differ between both treatment arms. Early PET-based response assessment showed more tumor responders than CT-based response assessment (part of the [18F] FDG PET/CT); this was not correlated to survival. This might be due to timing of the [18F] FDG PET shortly after the bevacizumab infusion

Research priorities for freshwater mussel conservation assessment

Freshwater mussels are declining globally, and effective conservation requires prioritizing research and actions to identify and mitigate threats impacting mussel species. Conservation priorities vary widely, ranging from preventing imminent extinction to maintaining abundant populations. Here, we develop a portfolio of priority research topics for freshwater mussel conservation assessment. To address these topics, we group research priorities into two categories: intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are indicators of organismal or population status, while extrinsic factors encompass environmental variables and threats. An understanding of intrinsic factors is useful in monitoring, and of extrinsic factors are important to understand ongoing and potential impacts on conservation status. This dual approach can guide conservation status assessments prior to the establishment of priority species and implementation of conservation management actions.NF-R was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship (Xunta de Galicia Plan I2C 2017-2020, 09.40.561B.444.0) from the government of the autonomous community of Galicia. BY was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (no. 0409-2016-0022). DLS was supported by the G. E. Hutchinson Chair at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. AO was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (no. 17-44-290016). SV was funded by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI- Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013. NF-R is very grateful to the University of Oklahoma Biological Survey for providing space to work in the U.S. and especially to Vaughn Lab members. Authors are very grateful to Akimasa Hattori, Allan K. Smith, Andrew Roberts, Daniel Graf, David Stagliano, David T. Zanatta, Dirk Van Damme, Ekaterina Konopleva, Emilie Blevins, Ethan Nedeau, Frankie Thielen, Gregory Cope, Heinrich Vicentini, Hugh Jones, Htilya Sereflisan, Ilya Vikhrev, John Pfeiffer, Karen Mock, Mary Seddon, Katharina Stockl, Katarzyna Zajac, Kengo Ito, Marie Capoulade, Marko Kangas, Michael Lange, Mike Davis, Pirkko-Liisa Luhta, Sarina Jepsen, Somsak Panha, Stephen McMurray, G. Thomas Watters, Wendell R. Haag, and Yoko Inui for their valuable contribution in the initial selection and description of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. We also wish to thank Dr. Amanda Bates, Chase Smith, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government

Concepções teóricas e metodológicas do cuidado transdisciplinar: uma revisão integrativa

Introdução: Objetivou-se realizar um levantamento da produção científica na enfermagem e suas interfaces sobre as concepções teóricas e metodológicas do cuidado e discutir o cuidado na enfermagem e suas interfaces na perspectiva da complexidade em atitude transdisciplinar.Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que utilizou o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, no período entre 2005 e 2015

In Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Zone 1 Steatosis is Associated with Advanced Fibrosis

Background & Aims Focal zone 1 steatosis, although rare in adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), does occur in children with NAFLD. We investigated whether focal zone 1 steatosis and focal zone 3 steatosis are distinct subphenotypes of pediatric NAFLD. We aimed to determine associations between the zonality of steatosis and demographic, clinical, and histologic features in children with NAFLD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 813 children (age <18 years; mean age, 12.8 ± 2.7 years). The subjects had biopsy-proven NAFLD and were enrolled in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Liver histology was reviewed using the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network scoring system. Results Zone 1 steatosis was present in 18% of children with NAFLD (n = 146) and zone 3 steatosis was present in 32% (n = 244). Children with zone 1 steatosis were significantly younger (10 vs 14 years; P < .001) and a significantly higher proportion had any fibrosis (81% vs 51%; P < .001) or advanced fibrosis (13% vs 5%; P < .001) compared with children with zone 3 steatosis. In contrast, children with zone 3 steatosis were significantly more likely to have steatohepatitis (30% vs 6% in children with zone 1 steatosis; P < .001). Conclusions Children with zone 1 or zone 3 distribution of steatosis have an important subphenotype of pediatric NAFLD. Children with zone 1 steatosis are more likely to have advanced fibrosis and children with zone 3 steatosis are more likely to have steatohepatitis. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of pediatric NAFLD, studies of pathophysiology, natural history, and response to treatment should account for the zonality of steatosis