Integrative stratigraphy and climatic events of a new lower paleogene reference section from the betic cordillera: Río gor, Granada province, se Spain

Research interest in the early Paleogene was greatly enhanced after the recognition of several short-lived warming events in that period (hyperthermals), considered ancient analogues of the ongoing warming of the Earth climate. In the Caravaca and Alamedilla sections, the previously most studied lower Paleogene sections of the Subbetic Zone (Betic Cordillera), only the most prominent of these hyperthermals had been located, the so-called Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum. The Río Gor section, though less studied, is found to comprise a lower Paleogene succession that is more expanded and complete than Caravaca and Alamedilla; it contains record of the Early Late Paleocene and Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Events, and at least one additional Eocene hyperthermal, thus offering an excellent opportunity to study these climatic events in the Subbetic Zone. Study of the Río Gor section is still in progress, this paper summarizing the state-of-the art of ongoing research

Nivel de adherencia al protocolo de administración de medicamentos

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de adherencia al protocolo de administración de medicamentos  por el personal  auxiliar de enfermería en una institución de salud de cuarto nivel. Materiales y Métodos: La presente investigación es de carácter cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, se trabajó con  una muestra de 150 auxiliares de enfermería que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para la  recolección de la información  se utilizó  dos instrumentos: una lista de chequeo y un test de conocimientos elaborados y validados  por los investigadores.  Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos sobre la administración de medicamentos que tiene el personal fue adecuado en un 50%, y la aplicabilidad del protocolo se cumple en el 65% del personal. Conclusión: El nivel de adherencia al protocolo de administración de medicamentos que tiene el personal  auxiliar de enfermería es del 65%, existiendo una adecuada relación entre los conocimientos y la aplicabilidad de los mismos.Palabras clave: protocolos clínicos, vías de administración de medicamentos, conocimiento. Level of adherence to medication administration protocolAbstractGoal. Determine the level of adherence to protocol management drugs by the auxiliary nurse in a fourth level health institution. Materials and Methods. This research is a quantitative type descriptive cross-sectional, we worked with a sample of 150 nursing assistants who met the inclusion criteria. For data collection was used two instruments: a checklist and a knowledge test developed and validated by researchers. Results. The level of knowledge about managing drug that the staff has, it was adequated in 50%, and the applicability protocol is met in 65% of the staff. Conclusion. The level of adherence to medication administration protocol that the auxiliary nurses have in 65%, there will be an adequate relationship between knowledge and the applicability of these ones.Keywords: clinical protocols, routes of administration of drugs, knowledge. Adesão ao protocolo de gerenciamento de nível drogaResumoObjetivo: Determine o nível de adesão ao protocolo de gestão drogas por parte do auxiliar de enfermagem em uma unidade de saúde na sala nível. Materiais e Métodos: Esta pesquisa é do tipo quantitativa descritivo transversal, trabalhamos com uma amostra de 150 auxiliares de enfermagem que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado dois instrumentos: uma lista de verificação e um teste de conhecimento desenvolvido e validado pelos pesquisadores. Resultados. O nível de conhecimento sobre o gerenciamento droga que tem o pessoal foi adequado em 50%, e a aplicabilidade protocolo é cumprida em 65% do pessoal. Conclusão. O nível de adesão ao protocolo de administração de medicamentos que tem os auxiliares de enfermagemé de 65%, será uma relação adequada entre o conhecimento ea aplicabilidade dos.Palabras-chave: protocolos clínicos, vias de administração de medicamentos, conhecimento

The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Lutetian Stage at the Gorrondatxe section, Spain

The GSSP for the base of the Lutetian Stage (early/ middle Eocene boundary) is defined at 167.85 metres in the Gorrondatxe sea-cliff section (NW of Bilbao city, Basque Country, northern Spain; 43º22'46.47" N, 3º 00' 51.61" W). This dark marly level coincides with the lowest occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus (CP12a/b boundary), is in the middle of polarity Chron C21r, and has been interpreted as the maximumflooding surface of a depositional sequence that may be global in extent. The GSSP age is approximately 800 kyr (39 precession cycles) younger than the beginning of polarity Chron C21r, or ~47.8 Ma in the GTS04 time scale. The proposal was approved by the International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy in February 2010, approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy in January 2011, and ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in April 2011.Published86-1082.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismoJCR Journalrestricte

The Global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain

The global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene) stages have been defined in the coastal cliff along the Itzurun Beach at the town of Zumaia in the Basque Country, northern Spain. In the hemipelagic section exposed at Zumaia the base of the Selandian Stage has been placed at the base of the Itzurun Formation, ca. 49 m above the Cretaceous/ Paleogene boundary. At the base of the Selandian, marls replace the succession of Danian red limestone and limestone-marl couplets. The best marine, global correlation criterion for the basal Selandian is the second radiation of the important calcareous nannofossil group, the fasciculiths. Species such as Fasciculithus ulii, F. billii, F. janii, F. involutus, F.pileatus and F. tympaniformis have their first appearance in the interval from a few decimetres below up to 1.1 m above the base of the Selandian. The marker species for nannofossil Zone NP5, F. tympaniformis, first occurs 1.1 m above the base. Excellent cyclostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy in the section creates further correlation potential, with the base of the Selandian occuring 30 precession cycles (630 kyr) above the top of magnetochron C27n. Profound changes in sedimentology related to a major sea-level fall characterize the Danian-Selandian transition in sections along the margins of the North Atlantic. The base of the Thanetian Stage is placed in the same section ca. 78 m above the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary. It is defined at a level 2.8 m or eight precession cycles above the base of the core of the distinct clay-rich interval associated with the Mid-Paleocene Biotic Event, and it corresponds to the base of magnetochron C26n in the section. The base of the Thanetian is not associated with any significant change in marine micro-fauna or flora. The calcareous nannofossil Zone NP6, marked by the first occurrence of Heliolithus kleinpelli starts ca. 6.5 m below the base of the Thanetian. The definitions of the global stratotype points for the bases of the Selandian and Thanetian stages are in good agreements with the definitions in the historical stratotype sections in Denmark and England, respectively

HTLV-1 infection in solid organ transplant donors and recipients in Spain

HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite infecting 10-15 million people worldwide and severe illnesses develop in 10% of carriers lifelong. Acknowledging a greater risk for developing HTLV-1 associated illnesses due to immunosuppression, screening is being widely considered in the transplantation setting. Herein, we report the experience with universal HTLV testing of donors and recipients of solid organ transplants in a survey conducted in Spain. All hospitals belonging to the Spanish HTLV network were invited to participate in the study. Briefly, HTLV antibody screening was performed retrospectively in all specimens collected from solid organ donors and recipients attended since the year 2008. A total of 5751 individuals were tested for HTLV antibodies at 8 sites. Donors represented 2312 (42.2%), of whom 17 (0.3%) were living kidney donors. The remaining 3439 (59.8%) were recipients. Spaniards represented nearly 80%. Overall, 9 individuals (0.16%) were initially reactive for HTLV antibodies. Six were donors and 3 were recipients. Using confirmatory tests, HTLV-1 could be confirmed in only two donors, one Spaniard and another from Colombia. Both kidneys of the Spaniard were inadvertently transplanted. Subacute myelopathy developed within 1 year in one recipient. The second recipient seroconverted for HTLV-1 but the kidney had to be removed soon due to rejection. Immunosuppression was stopped and 3 years later the patient remains in dialysis but otherwise asymptomatic. The rate of HTLV-1 is low but not negligible in donors/recipients of solid organ transplants in Spain. Universal HTLV screening should be recommended in all donor and recipients of solid organ transplantation in Spain. Evidence is overwhelming for very high virus transmission and increased risk along with the rapid development of subacute myelopathy

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Information and Communication Technologies, as a strategy to promote academic interest in students

Teniendo en cuenta la incidencia de las nuevas tecnologías en la educación de hoy, el propósito de la presente investigación radica en implementar las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación TIC en el aula de clase para fomentar el interés académico en los estudiantes de la IED Fundación. Metodológicamente la investigación se orientó desde una mirada Cualitativa, bajo el paradigma sociocritico; la unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por cuarenta (40) estudiantes del grado octavo entre las edades de catorce (14) quince (15) y dieciséis (16) años; como técnica de recolección de información se utilizó la observación participante, como instrumento de recolección, el diario de campo; a partir de las actividades desarrolladas con la implementación de las TIC en el aula de clase se encontró que los estudiantes presentan mayores niveles de motivación e interés por aprender, mejorando significativamente su promedio de notas cuándo se trabajan los contenidos curriculares articulados con estasTaking into account the incidence of new information and communication technologies in education today, the purpose of research in the implementation of information technology and communication students of the IED Foundation. Methodologically, the research was oriented from a Qualitative perspective, under the socio-critical paradigm; the analysis unit consisted of forty (40) eighth grade students between the ages of fourteen (14) fifteen (15) and sixteen (16) years; as a tool for gathering information, the collection instrument, the field diary; From the activities developed with the implementation of ICT in the classroom, students were found to have higher levels of motivation and interest in learning, significantly improving their grade point average when working with articulated curricular content

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation