Discursos y prácticas sobre el cuerpo y la higiene en la Edad Moderna

A partir del campo abierto por el concepto antropológico de “técnicas del cuerpo” los historiadores modernistas han manifestado cierta curiosidad hacia la indagación de una serie de fuentes históricas, tanto manuscritas como impresas, donde puede observarse la aplicación de conocimientos botánicos y químicos a los ideales estéticos que configuraban los modelos de feminidad o virilidad, así como la crítica política y/o literaria que sus prácticas suscitaba en la sociedad de la época. Frente al monopolio y control que la ciencia médica mantuvo sobre el uso del baño basándose en su carácter medicinal, los tratados cosméticos, casi siempre transmitidos por vía femenina, presentan una cierta continuidad en usos y fórmulas de elaboración. Será en el siglo XVIII cuando la sociedad europea asista al renacer de una cierta idea de higiene que parece perder ciertas prevenciones hacia el agua posibilitando unos cuidados del cuerpo que amplían su difusión social a través de recetarios específicos.rom the open field by the anthropological concept of “body techniques” early modern historians have expressed some curiosity towards finding a number of historical sources both handwritten and printed, which can be seen the application of botanical and chemical knowledge to the ideals aesthetic that shaped the model of femininity or masculinity, and the critical political and or literary practices raised in the society. Compared to monopoly control and that medical science had on the toilet on their medicinal, cosmetic treaties, almost always transmitted by women, have a certain continuity in practices and methods of preparation. It is in the eighteenth century when European society assist the revival of a certain idea of health warnings that appear certain to lose water possible care of your body that broaden its distribution through specific recipes

Multivariate statistical modelling of future marine storms

Extreme events, such as wave-storms, need to be characterized for coastal infrastructure design purposes. Such description should contain information on both the univariate behaviour and the joint-dependence of storm-variables. These two aspects have been here addressed through generalized Pareto distributions and hierarchical Archimedean copulas. A non-stationary model has been used to highlight the relationship between these extreme events and non-stationary climate. It has been applied to a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 Climate-Change scenario, for a fetch-limited environment (Catalan Coast). In the non-stationary model, all considered variables decrease in time, except for storm-duration at the northern part of the Catalan Coast. The joint distribution of storm variables presents cyclical fluctuations, with a stronger influence of climate dynamics than of climate itself.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Análisis y previsión de fenómenos naturales peligrosos

La toma de decisiones referentes al diseño o en sistemas de alerta requieren el estudio de las acciones externas (frecuentemente meteorológicas), la descripción probabilista del sistema (vulnerabilidad, susceptibilidad) y los costes asociados a los efectos que se producen. Se hace especial referencia a los estudios de peligrosidad de fenómenos como vientos, oleaje, precipitación, etc. A partir de datos observados se estiman las probabilidades de ocurrencia de sucesos extremales y otros parámetros de la peligrosidad (periodos de retorno). Los métodos estadísticos utilizados son preferentemente bayesiano, los cuales permiten el control de la incertidumbre de las estimas. Se incluye el estudio de tendencias climáticas o la adquisición de datos de diferente procedencia

Checking model-data weather hazard occurrence fit in the context of climate change

In climate change impact studies it is common to run a given response model (from ecosystem changes to wavestorm or landslide occurrence) nested into one of the available long-term Global or Regional Circulation Models (GCM, RCM) reproducing the climate for the XX century or predicting it for the XXI. In this way, it is expected to capture the average behaviour of the studied system to a changing climate forcing: in other words, with such response forecasts, one does not actually expect to be able to reproduce each and every single event, but rather its statistical behaviour. Regarding weather-related hazard, the relevant statistical properties are the occurrence return period of events, and their expected magnitude. The present study focuses on wave storm occurrence, and aims at presenting a general methodology to check the adequate reproduction of the return period of hazardous weather-related events by such response forecast models. This is attained by analysing a compound data set formed by series of real data (typically of around 20-30 years in the last decades of the XX century or the beginning of the XXI one) and longer hind- or forecast series. Occurrence of a stormy event is considered to follow an inhomogeneous Poisson process, with: a linear trend to capture climate change, and a step in the junction real data-forecast data to capture systematic model biases. A Bayesian method is proposed to assess the influence of these two elements, i.e the presence/absence of a climate trend and the adequate reproduction of the statistical properties of wavestorm occurrence by forecasting models. Results suggest a non-significant trend albeit negative trend in the storm occurrence, and an inability of the used forecast model to reproduce wavestorm occurrence.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Multivariate hybrid modelling of future wave-storms at the northwestern Black Sea

The characterization of future wave-storms and their relationship to large-scale climate can provide useful information for environmental or urban planning at coastal areas. A hybrid methodology (process-based and statistical) was used to characterize the extreme wave-climate at the northwestern Black Sea. The Simulating WAve Nearshore spectral wave-model was employed to produce wave-climate projections, forced with wind-fields projections for two climate change scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. A non-stationary multivariate statistical model was built, considering significant wave-height and peak-wave-period at the peak of the wave-storm, as well as storm total energy and storm-duration. The climate indices of the North Atlantic Oscillation, East Atlantic Pattern, and Scandinavian Pattern have been used as covariates to link to storminess, wave-storm threshold, and wave-storm components in the statistical model. The results show that, first, under both RCP scenarios, the mean values of significant wave-height and peak-wave-period at the peak of the wave-storm remain fairly constant over the 21st century. Second, the mean value of storm total energy is more markedly increasing in the RCP4.5 scenario than in the RCP8.5 scenario. Third, the mean value of storm-duration is increasing in the RCP4.5 scenario, as opposed to the constant trend in the RCP8.5 scenario. The variance of each wave-storm component increases when the corresponding mean value increases under both RCP scenarios. During the 21st century, the East Atlantic Pattern and changes in its pattern have a special influence on wave-storm conditions. Apart from the individual characteristics of each wave-storm component, wave-storms with both extreme energy and duration can be expected in the 21st century. The dependence between all the wave-storm components is moderate, but grows with time and, in general, the severe emission scenario of RCP8.5 presents less dependence between storm total energy and storm-duration and among wave-storm components.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Diseño de Experimentación en Química Inorgánica sostenible

Se plantea al alumnado el análisis de la huella de carbono que tiene, en la actualidad, la asignatura práctica Experimentación en Química Inorgánica, con el objetivo de que busquen las posibilidades de sustitución y/o reducción de reactivos tóxicos y peligrosos en las prácticas de laboratorio que se imparten. Previamente, en base a dicho análisis, la red ha redactado las directrices que guiarán al alumno en sus búsquedas en bases de datos y su proposición de sustitución razonada de reactivos. Cada grupo de alumnos que trabaja en un proyecto particular de “Síntesis y caracterización de sustancias inorgánicas”, redacta un protocolo de actuación para eliminar/reducir el uso de reactivos peligrosos/contaminantes en su proyecto. Como colofón, se redacta un protocolo global para hacer más sostenible el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje de esta asignatura práctica. Además de trabajar el contenido específico de la asignatura, con esta metodología de aprendizaje, se pretende aumentar la capacidad del alumnado del Grado en Química para ser autónomo a la hora de proponer actuaciones fundamentadas que conduzcan a preservar el medio ambiente en su futuro ejercicio de la profesión de graduado en química

Modelling of future extreme storm surges at the NW Mediterranean coast (Spain)

Storm surges are one of the main drivers for extreme flooding at the coastal areas. Such events can be characterized with the maximum level in an extreme storm surge event (surge peak), as well as the duration of the event. Surge projections come from a barotropic model for the 1950–2100 period, under a severe climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) at the northeastern Spanish coast. The relationship of extreme storm surges to three large-scale climate patterns was assessed: North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), East Atlantic Pattern (EAWR), and Scandinavian Pattern (SC). The statistical model was built using two different strategies. In Strategy #1, the joint probability density was characterized by a moving-average series of stationary Archimedean copula, whereas in Strategy #2, the joint probability density was characterized by a non-stationary probit copula. The parameters of the marginal distribution and the copula were defined with generalized additive models. The analysis showed that the mean values of surge peak and event duration were constant and were independent of the proposed climate patterns. However, the values of NAO and SC influenced the threshold and the storminess of extreme events. According to Strategy #1, the variance of the surge peak and event duration increased with a fast shift of negative SC and a positive NAO, respectively. Alternatively, Strategy #2 showed that the variance of the surge peak increased with a positive EAWR. Both strategies coincided in that the joint dependence of the maximum surge level and the duration of extreme surges ranged from low to medium degree. Its mean value was stationary, and its variability was linked to the geographical location. Finally, Strategy #2 helped determine that this dependence increased with negative NAO.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta- Immunochip strategy

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P?=?7.54E-07; ORGCA?=?1.19, ORTAK?=?1.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA?=?5.52E-04, ORGCA?=?1.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus