Estudio sobre el proceso de duelo por muerte violenta y desplazamiento forzado: Historia de vida víctima del conflicto armado en el municipio de Granada, en el departamento de Antioquia

Analizar el proceso de duelo por muerte violenta y desplazamiento forzado de una víctima del conflicto armado del municipio de Granada en el departamento de Antioquia, es el objetivo del siguiente estudio investigativo, en el cual participó una víctima del conflicto armado, durante el año 1999 y 2000. La investigación se realizó dentro de una estructura metodológica cualitativa de corte transversal, un estudio de caso donde el instrumento de recolección de información fue la historia de vida, en la cual se consignó el relato de la persona afectada. En el presente estudio se analizó el proceso de duelo que asumió la víctima, tanto por la muerte de sus seres queridos, como por el desplazamiento forzado. Este proceso analítico se da dentro de la fundamentación teórica de las cinco fases del duelo propuestas por Ross

Estudio sobre el proceso de duelo por muerte violenta y desplazamiento forzado: Historia de vida víctima del conflicto armado en el municipio de Granada, en el departamento de Antioquia

Analizar el proceso de duelo por muerte violenta y desplazamiento forzado de una víctima del conflicto armado del municipio de Granada en el departamento de Antioquia, es el objetivo del siguiente estudio investigativo, en el cual participó una víctima del conflicto armado, durante el año 1999 y 2000. La investigación se realizó dentro de una estructura metodológica cualitativa de corte transversal, un estudio de caso donde el instrumento de recolección de información fue la historia de vida, en la cual se consignó el relato de la persona afectada. En el presente estudio se analizó el proceso de duelo que asumió la víctima, tanto por la muerte de sus seres queridos, como por el desplazamiento forzado. Este proceso analítico se da dentro de la fundamentación teórica de las cinco fases del duelo propuestas por Ross

Detección molecular de coronavirus bovino asociado al complejo respiratorio bovino en ganado de engorda del valle de Mexicali, Baja California, México

The bovine respiratory complex (BRC) is the leading cause of disease and death in beef cattle worldwide. It is a multifactorial infectious syndrome caused by different viruses and bacteria that reduce the productive efficiency and cause economic losses. In Mexico, BRC has been reported in all regions where cattle are fattened; however, these reports lack information on the presence of bovine respiratory coronavirus (BCV). This makes it necessary to have reliable and accurate diagnostic tools for detecting the presence of BCV in beef cattle fattened in Mexico, in order to propose appropriate sanitary measures for their clinical management. In this work, a real-time-PCR molecular diagnostic platform (rt-PCR) was developed to amplify a fragment of the BCV S protein in nasal exudate samples. When applying the rt-PCR platform for BCV in seemingly healthy beef cattle with signs of respiratory disease associated to BRC, 19/50 (38 %) were found to be positive, confirming the presence of this virus in the cattle of the region. The results of this work constitute the first report on the presence of the BCV associated to the BRC in the cattle region of northwestern Mexico and establish the bases for future research about the role that this virus plays in the presentation of the pathology of the BRC in beef cattle exploitation systems in this region and across the country.El complejo respiratorio bovino (CRB) es la principal causa de enfermedad y muerte en el ganado de engorda en todo el mundo. Es un síndrome infeccioso multifactorial provocado por distintos virus y bacterias que disminuyen la eficiencia productiva y ocasionan pérdidas económicas. En México, el CRB se ha reportado en todas las regiones donde se engorda ganado; sin embargo, esos reportes carecen de información sobre la presencia del coronavirus respiratorio bovino (CVB), haciendo necesario contar con herramientas de diagnóstico confiables y precisas para detectar la presencia de CVB en el ganado que se engorda en México, para proponer las medidas sanitarias apropiadas para su manejo clínico. En este trabajo, se desarrolló una plataforma de diagnóstico molecular de PCR en tiempo real (rt-PCR) que amplifica un fragmento de la proteína S del CVB en muestras de exudado nasal. Al aplicar la plataforma rt-PCR para CVB en bovinos de engorda en aparente estado de salud y con signos de enfermedad respiratoria asociados a CRB se encontró que 19/50 (38 %) resultaron positivos, confirmando la presencia de ese virus en el ganado de la región. Los resultados de este trabajo significan el primer reporte sobre la presencia del CVB asociado al CRB en la región ganadera del noroeste de México y sienta las bases para futuras investigaciones sobre papel que juega este virus en la presentación de la patología del CRB en los sistemas de explotación de bovinos de engorda en nuestra región y el país

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. LANCET. 2016;388(10053):1659-1724.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Structural, Dynamical, and Electronic Transport Properties of Modified DNA Duplexes Containing Size-Expanded Nucleobases

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 9 tablas.Among the distinct strategies proposed to expand the genetic alphabet, size-expanded nucleobases are promising for the development of modified DNA duplexes with improved biotechnological properties. In particular, duplexes built up by replacing canonical bases with the corresponding benzo-fused counterparts could be valuable as molecular nanowires. In this context, this study reports the results of classical molecular dynamics simulations carried out to examine the structural and dynamical features of size-expanded DNAs, including both hybrid duplexes containing mixed pairs of natural and benzo-fused bases (xDNA) and pure size-expanded (xxDNA) duplexes. Furthermore, the electronic structure of both natural and size-expanded duplexes is examined by means of density functional computations. The results confirm that the structural and flexibility properties of the canonical DNA are globally little affected by the presence of benzo-fused bases. The most relevant differences are found in the enhanced size of the grooves, and the reduction in the twist. However, the analysis also reveals subtle structural effects related to the nature and sequence of benzo-fused bases in the duplex. On the other hand, electronic structure calculations performed for xxDNAs confirm the reduction in the HOMO–LUMO gap predicted from the analysis of the natural bases and their size-expanded counterparts, which suggests that pure size-expanded DNAs can be good conductors. A more complex situation is found for xDNAs, where fluctuations in the electrostatic interaction between base pairs exerts a decisive influence on the modulation of the energy gap.F.J.L., M.O., and P.O. acknowledge the financial support received from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on (SAF2008- 05595, BIO2009-10964, CONSOLIDER CSD2007-00050 “Supercomputing and e-Science”, and FIS2009-12721-C04-01). O.H. and C.T. were supported by fellowships from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci on. J.R.B. benefits from a postdoctoral grant of the Consejería de Educaci on, Ciencia y Cultura of the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha and the European Social Fund.Peer reviewe

Burnout en personal de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID - 19: revisión panorámica

The pandemic due to the new coronavirus (COVID - 19) as a public health challenge has implied multiple challenges in health systems and generated stressful contexts that affected the mental health of health workers, for which this work aim was to review the existing literature on burnout in nursing staff during the current COVID - 19pandemic, for which a panoramic review of the literature was carried out based on the methodology proposed by Arskey and O’Malley using the following descriptors: Professional Burnout, Nursing personnel, nursing staff, pandemic and COVID - 19 in the PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases, with which 25 articles were retrieved that met the inclusion criteria. Results: 41 variables related to the presence of burnout in nursing staff were identified and organized into 5 main categories. Discussion: COVID - 19 pandemic generated stressors in nursing staff, multiple variables of sociodemographic, labor, and social factors were identified as influential for the development of burnout in nursing staff. Conclusion: It´s necessary to plan mental health care programs for nursing staff based on the evidence provided by empirical studies.  La pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) como reto de salud pública ha implicado múltiples desafíos en los sistemas de salud y generó contextos estresantes que afectaron la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud por lo cual el objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la literatura existente sobre el burnout en el personal de enfermería durante la pandemia por COVID - 19, para lo cual se realizó una revisión panorámica de la literatura basados en la metodología propuesta por Arskey y O´Malley utilizando los siguientes descriptores: Profesional Burnout, Nursing personnel, nursing staff, pandemic y COVID - 19 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Google Académico con lo cual se recuperaron 25 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se identificaron 41 variables relacionadas con la presencia de burnout en el personal de enfermería y se organizaron en 5 categorías principales. Discusión: La pandemia por COVID – 19 generó factores estresantes en el personal de enfermería; múltiples variables de tipo sociodemográfico, laborales y factores sociales se identificaron como influyentes para el desarrollo de burnout en el personal de enfermería. Conclusiones: Es necesario planear programas de atención a la salud mental del personal de enfermería basados en la evidencia proporcionada por los estudios empíricos

SCIENTIFIC STUDIES WITH AN ORGANIZATIONAL, ECONOMIC AND EDUCATIONAL APPROACH.

“Estudios científicos con enfoque organizacional, económico y educativo”, es un libro de producción científica y resultado de investigación de la Facultad de Economía, Administración y Contaduría, adscrito a la editorial de la Institución de Educación Superior ITFIP, el cual, es arbitrado por pares de doble ciego, con temáticas de las ciencias sociales con acceso abierto a las comunidades científicas nacionales e internacionales. Este libro es una producción de conocimiento científico, que da cuenta de temas relacionados con la economía, administración, contaduría, tecnologías, educación y tic. Ubicados en 6 capítulos de propiedad intelectual e investigativa