A Modeling Study of the Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the Vicinity of the Arctic Front

A regional mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed recently in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is applied to investigate the initial stage of the formation of polar lows at latitudes of the European Arctic. The mathematical model is based on numerical solving of nonsimplified gas dynamic equations and produces three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface. Simulation results indicated that the origin of a convexity in the configuration of the arctic front can lead to the formation of a polar low during the period of about one day

«ПЕСНЮ ДРУЖБЫ ЗАПЕВАЕТ МОЛОДЕЖЬ»

This article examines the main stages of the development of international youth tourism in the USSR in the period between the 1957 and 1985 World Festivals of Youth and Students. These were held in Moscow and marked the nodal points of international youth policy in general and international tourism in particular. The focus of this research is on the activities of the “Sputnik” International Youth Tourism Bureau as it welcomed foreign youth (primarily on excursions) and served them a diet of ideology. These young people represented a specific audience due to their age and psychological characteristics. The Bureau’s techniques of hospitality and propagandistic influence went beyond the formation of momentary positive impressions from the trip. The long-term effect was more important, since young foreign tourists (especially from Western countries) would potentially be joining the ranks of the political, economic and intellectual elite of their countries in the future; this could be the key to creating a more balanced attitude towards our country and the basis for improving the policy of “peaceful coexistence” between the two socio-political systems. International youth tourism, as a “synthetic” form of youth policy, was considered by the Soviet leadership as a promising branch of “people’s diplomacy”, an important channel for positioning the Soviet Union in the world community. It is noted that youth tourism took its first steps within the structure of Intourist, but over the years it acquired its own forms and mechanisms of presenting Soviet reality in the foreign youth environment

АNALYSIS OF OPTICAL METHODS FOR MONITORING THE WORKING SURFACE STATE OF THE GRINDING WHEEL

The article describes an analysis of non-contact optical methods for monitoring linear wear and the working surface condition of the grinding wheel during dry grinding. The presented methods are based on computer processing of photo and video materials, 3D models surface construction of the grinding wheel, the machine vision and using of the optical equipment. The advantages and disadvantages of this methods were analyzed. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the usable area of the considered methods depends on the circle material, cutting parameters, control objectives, including the requirement for on-line control, and also the available material and technical equipment

A new surface gliding species of Chironomidae: An independent invasion of marine environments and its evolutionary implications

Insects have invaded marine habitats only rarely and secondarily. Recently, we discovered a flightless dipteran species skating rapidly on the surface of seawater ponds at the Pacific coast of eastern China. Morphological analyses initially suggested an isolated position of the non‐biting midge, suggesting the erection of a new genus within Chironomini (Diptera: Chironomidae). However, an analysis of molecular data revealed that the marine species is in fact nested within the species‐rich genus Dicrotendipes. The apparent conflict between molecular and morphological data can be easily explained. It is likely that the new species has evolved a series of autapomorphic adaptations. These traits clearly distinguish the taxon from other species of the genus but do not justify the erection of a new supraspecific taxon, which would render Dicrotendipes paraphyletic. The switch to marine environments was likely a trigger for various morphological modifications resulting from increased selective pressure. Molecular data suggest that the potential speciation event occurred around 19–29 Ma, linked with a migration from freshwater to seawater ponds along the Pacific Ocean. Considering the results of our analysis, we place the flightless marine skater in the genus Dicrotendipes. All life stages of Dicrotendipes sinicus Qi & Lin sp. n. are described and illustrated, associated with larvae obtained by rearing or confirmed through association with DNA barcodes. The biology and ecology of the species are outlined based on collection data and in situ observations. Evolutionary patterns linked with repeated invasions of marine habitats are discussed

Розробка методу ідентифікації моделі багатокритеріального експертного оцінювання альтернатив

An approach to constructing mathematical models of individual multicriterial estimation was proposed based on information about the ordering relations established by the expert for a set of alternatives. Structural identification of the estimation model using the additive utility function of alternatives was performed within axiomatics of the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). A method of parametric identification of the model based on the ideas of the theory of comparative identification has been developed. To determine the model parameters, it was proposed to use the midpoint method that has resulted in the possibility of obtaining a uniform stable solution of the problem. It was shown that in this case, the problem of parametric identification of the estimation model can be reduced to a standard linear programming problem. The scalar multicriterial estimates of alternatives obtained on the basis of the synthesized mathematical model make it possible to compare them among themselves according to the degree of efficiency and, thus, choose "the best" or rank them. A significant advantage of the proposed approach is the ability to use only non-numerical information about the decisions already made by experts to solve the problem of identifying the model parameters. This enables partial reduction of the degree of expert’s subjective influence on the outcome of decision-making and reduces the cost of the expert estimation process. A method of verification of the estimation model based on the principles of cross-validation has been developed. The results of computer modeling were presented. They confirmed the effectiveness of using the proposed method of parametric model identification to solve problems related to automation of the process of intelligent decision making.Предложен подход к построению математической модели индивидуального многокритериального оценивания, который основывается на информации об установленном экспертом отношении порядка на множестве альтернатив. В рамках аксиоматики теории многокритериальной полезности (MAUT) проведена структурная идентификация модели оценивания с использованием аддитивной функции полезности альтернатив. Разработан метод параметрической идентификации модели, который базируется на идеях теории компараторной идентификации. Для определения параметров модели предлагается использовать метод средней точки, в результате применения которого можно получить единственное устойчивое решение задачи. Показано, что в этом случае, задачу параметрической идентификации модели оценивания можно привести к стандартной задаче линейного программирования. Полученные на основе синтезированной математической модели скалярные многокритериальные оценки альтернатив позволяют сравнивать их между собой по степени эффективности и, таким образом, выбрать "наилучшую" из них или провести их ранжирование. Существенным преимуществом предложенного подхода является возможность использования для решения задачи идентификации параметров модели только нечисловой информации об уже принятых экспертами решениях. Это позволяет частично снизить степень субъективного влияния эксперта на результат принятия решений и уменьшить затраты на проведение процедуры экспертного оценивания. Разработан метод верификации модели оценивания, который базируется на принципах кросс-валидации. Приведены результаты компьютерного моделирования, которые подтверждают эффективность использования метода параметрической идентификации модели для решения задач, связанных с автоматизацией интеллектуального процесса принятия решенийЗапропоновано підхід до побудови математичної моделі індивідуального багатокритеріального оцінювання, який ґрунтується на інформації про встановлене експертом відношення порядку на множині альтернатив. В рамках аксіоматики теорії багатокритеріальної корисності (MAUT) проведено структурну ідентифікацію моделі оцінювання з використанням адитивної функції корисності альтернатив. Розроблено метод параметричної ідентифікації моделі, що базується на ідеях теорії компараторної ідентифікації. Для визначення параметрів моделі пропонується використовувати метод середньої точки, в результаті застосування якого можна отримати єдиний стійкий розв'язок задачі. Показано, що в цьому випадку, задачу параметричної ідентифікації моделі оцінювання можна привести до стандартної задачі лінійного програмування. Отримані на основі синтезованої математичної моделі скалярні багатокритеріальні оцінки альтернатив дозволяють порівнювати їх між собою за ступенем ефективності і, таким чином, вибрати "найкращу" з них або провести їх ранжування. Істотною перевагою запропонованого підходу є можливість використання для розв'язання задачі ідентифікації параметрів моделі тільки нечислової інформації про вже прийняті експертами рішення. Це дозволяє частково знизити ступінь суб'єктивного впливу експерта на результат прийняття рішень та зменшити витрати на проведення процедури експертного оцінювання. Розроблено метод верифікації моделі оцінювання, що базується на принципах крос-валідації. Наведено результати комп'ютерного моделювання, які підтверджують ефективність використання запропонованого методу параметричної ідентифікації моделі для вирішення завдань, що пов'язані з автоматизацією інтелектуального процесу прийняття рішен

CLUSTERING METHODS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES BY PRODUCTION BATCHES AND QUALITY CLASSES

Authors consider problem of electronic units packaging with highly reliableelectronic components and preventing ingress of low-grade counterfeit products thatdoes not meet the requirements for reliability. When making any electronic circuits,it is desirable to use electronic and radio components with the same characteristicswhich is most likely achieved using components (chips, transistors, diodes, capacitors,relays, crystals, resistors, etc.) manufactured as a single production batch. If theproduction method is not exactly known, only affordable way to improve the quality isthe comprehensive testing of the delivered production batches. The paper discusses theproblem of identifying a production batch of electronic and radio components deliveredfrom a provider based on the test results. The problem is reduced to a series of problemsof cluster analysis a special genetic algorithm is applied for. In addition, the testingproblem of electronic and radio products is presented as pattern recognition without ateacher. A new algorithm for data classification in the multidimensional feature spaceis given. It was proposed to group objects on the basis of the distances analysis, i.e.,the algorithm does not require knowledge about a number of classes in contrast to themajority of well-known algorithms for taxonomy

Analysis of patient-reported outcomes from the LUME-Lung 1 trial: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of second-line nintedanib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer

n/