Los trabajadores de las grandes tiendas: Gath y Chaves, Chile, 1910-1952

En este artículo, se examinan las experiencias de trabajo, sindicalización, y participación política de los trabajadores en una cadena de grandes almacenes de capital británico en Chile, The South American Store Gath y Chaves, entre 1910 y 1952. Desde la perspectiva de la historia trasnacional y de los estudios laborales, se busca comprender la influencia del capital extranjero en las identidades laborales, la circulación de nuevas prácticas de consumo y organización de la mano de obra, y los esfuerzos de los trabajadores por transcender espacios locales y nacionales. Aunque la investigación se centra en el caso chileno, se explora su historia dentro de una cadena comercial que tenía su centro neurálgico en Buenos Aires. Así, se destacan tres aspectos de esta historia: (1) las características del capital retail británico durante la primera mitad del siglo XX; (2) la estructura laboral al interior de la casa comercial; (3) las experiencias de sindicalización y solidaridad internacional (específicamente los vínculos entre los sindicatos chilenos y argentinos entre 1948-1952)

Desarrollo de propuesta de modelo de negocio digital: CUTEPRISE.

En el sondeo realizado por el emprendimiento se ha observado que el 70% de los clientes potenciales han expresado la necesidad de una versión de tienda que brinde regalos personalizados. El negocio, en esencia, ofrece una tienda en línea la cual brinde el envío del producto dándole al cliente la opción de elegir en un mismo lugar todos los recursos necesarios que personalizaran su regalo o decoración de eventos sociales y corporativos, con precios competitivos al mercado, estimulando en los consumidores, comodidad y el ahorro de tiempo que se ocupa en la búsqueda de regalos y toda la experiencia a través de medios digitales. Encontrar en un solo lugar detalles variados, creatividad e innovación en los productos no solo permite lograr ingresar a un nuevo mercado, si no también expandir la marca de manera positiva, con la atención obtenida de esta nueva oferta en el mercado, tomando en cuenta la alta demanda que se tiene por las personas en este rubro aumentando así la participación en el mercado en un 2% mensual. Para la efectividad y eficacia de la nueva tienda en línea de decoraciones y venta de detalles express se realizará las siguientes estrategias: creación exclusiva de contenido a publicar en medios digitales, realizar alianzas estratégicas con proveedores en variedad de productos para personalización de regalos. A través de la propuesta de valor y las estrategias que se implementarán, se estima captar un buen porcentaje de clientes potenciales, logrando estimular una cartera de clientes que permitirá llegar a una mayor cobertura de mercado

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

La CUT en el gobierno de Salvador Allende: el sindicalismo paraestatal y la agencia histórica por la vía chilena al socialismo

In this article it is studied the world of work from a perspective different from the traditional one. It will deal about union collaboration with the State, to problematize what has been the role of a trade union center when integrating into political power. A paradigmatic case, to understand collaborative unionism, corresponds to the experience of the Unique Workers’ Central (CUT) during the government of President Salvador Allende (1970-1973). The general objective is to examine the parastatal unionism of the central to achieve structural changes, as well as the transformations that their class traditions experienced from the political power. The hypothesis of this study is that the CUT transformed its tradition of opposition into parastatal unionism since it joined the political power. This did not imply absolute dependence on the government, nor did it imply moving away from the unión movement. From a point of view different from what has been said, demonstrated his agency and link with the world of work. The role played consisted of collaboration with the government, from the fight for the deepening of democracy and the chilean road to socialism, becoming a relevant actor of the revolution.En este artículo se estudia el mundo del trabajo desde una perspectiva distinta a la tradicional. Tratará sobre la colaboración sindical con el Estado, para problematizar cuál ha sido el papel de una central al integrarse al poder político. Un caso paradigmático, para entender al sindicalismo de colaboración, corresponde a la experiencia de la Central Única de Trabajadores (CUT) durante el gobierno del presidente Salvador Allende (1970-1973). El objetivo general es examinar el sindicalismo paraestatal de la central por alcanzar cambios estructurales, así como las transformaciones que experimentaron sus tradiciones de clase desde el poder político. La hipótesis de este estudio es que la CUT transformó su tradición de oposición en sindicalismo paraestatal, pues se integró al poder político. Esto no implicó dependencia absoluta del gobierno, tampoco alejarse del movimiento sindical. Desde un punto de vista distinto de lo que se ha dicho, demostró su agencia y vínculo con el mundo del trabajo. El papel que desempeñó consistió en la colaboración con el gobierno, desde la lucha por la profundización de la democracia y la vía chilena al socialismo, constituyéndose en un actor relevante de la revolución

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective

Management and 1-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: Results from the prospective garfield-af registry

Background-—Using data from the GARFIELD-AF (Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation), we evaluated the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage on clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results-—GARFIELD-AF is a prospective registry of patients from 35 countries, including patients from Asia (China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand). Consecutive patients enrolled (2013–2016) were classified with no, mild, or moderate-to-severe CKD, based on the National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Data on CKD status and outcomes were available for 33 024 of 34 854 patients (including 9491 patients from Asia); 10.9% (n=3613) had moderate-to-severe CKD, 16.9% (n=5595) mild CKD, and 72.1% (n=23 816) no CKD. The use of oral anticoagulants was influenced by stroke risk (ie, post hoc assessment of CHA2DS2-VASc score), but not by CKD stage. The quality of anticoagulant control with vitamin K antagonists did not differ with CKD stage. After adjusting for baseline characteristics and antithrombotic use, both mild and moderate-to-severe CKD were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality. Moderate-to-severe CKD was independently associated with a higher risk of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, new-onset acute coronary syndrome, and new or worsening heart failure. The impact of moderate-to-severe CKD on mortality was significantly greater in patients from Asia than the rest of the world (P=0.001). Conclusions-—In GARFIELD-AF, moderate-to-severe CKD was independently associated with stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality. The effect of moderate-to-severe CKD on mortality was even greater in patients from Asia than the rest of the world