Węcowski Marek. Sympozion czyli wspуlne picie. Początki greckiej biesiady arystokratycznej (IX—VII wiek p. n. e.)

Рецензія на: Węcowski Marek. Sympozion czyli wspólne picie. Początki greckiej biesiady arystokratycznej (IX—VII wiek p. n. e.). — (Parnassus. Seria naukowa pod red. dr. M. Staniszewskiego). — Warszawa: wydawnictwo Naukowe Sub Lupa, 2011. — 402 s

Evaluation of Pinhole castration as an alternative technique for goat sterilization

La ligature in situ du cordon spermatique (Castration Pinhole) a été décrite comme une technique originale peu invasive de castration des veaux. La présente étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer le stress, la morphologie des testicules et l’efficacité de la méthode sur des boucs adultes cliniquement sains. Les animaux (n = 15, âgés de 1 à 1,5 ans) ont été divisés en 3 groupes de 5. Groupe 1 = contrôle (aucun traitement), groupe 2 = castration chirurgicale et groupe 3 = castration pinhole. Les animaux ont été surveillés quotidiennement à travers des examens cliniques de stress et d’un dosage du cortisol plasmatique. L’efficacité de la méthode a été évaluée par l’étude des caractéristiques séminales et des changements morphologiques de testicules. Les boucs qui ont subi la castration pinhole ont montré une élévation du cortisol plasmatique et des le 7ème jour,ont été azoospermiques et ont manifestés l’atrophie testiculaire. Les sections histologiques ont montré une nécrose ischémique complète.Nous avons conclu que la castration pinhole est applicable chez les boucs car elle est simple, peu invasive, efficace et moins stressante par rapport à la chirurgie. Elle peut être employée comme une alternative convenable à la castration chirurgicale chez les chèvres.In situ spermatic cord ligation (Pinhole castration) has been described as a novel, minimally invasive technique in calf castration. The current study evaluated stress, testicular morphology and effectiveness of the method in clinically healthy adult goats. Bucks (n = 15, 1-1.5 years old) were divided in to 3 groups of 5. Group 1 = control (no treatment), group 2 = surgical castration and group 3 = pinhole castration. In situ spermaticcord ligation (pinhole technique) was performed in accordance with the procedure described by Ponvijay (2007). Animals were monitored through daily clinical examinations for behavioral indicators of stress in addition to assay of plasma cortisol. Effectiveness of method was assessed through evaluation of seminal characteristics and testicular morphologic changes. All pinhole castrated goats showed elevation in plasma cortisoland by day 7, were azoospermic and manifested testicular atrophy. Histological sections revealed complete ischemic necrosis.We concluded that pinhole castration is applicable in goats for it is simple,  minimally invasive, effective and less stressful compared to surgery. It may be employed as a suitable alternative to surgical castration in goats

Using termite nests as a source of organic matter in agrosilvicultural production systems in Amazonia Uso de ninhos de cupin como fonte de matéria orgânica em sistemas de produção agrosilviculturais na Amazônia

The growth of two annual crops, okra (Abelmoschus escutentus) and egg-plant (Solatium melongena) and one perennial crop, andiroba (Carapa guianensis, a native forest tree of Amazonia) under different treatments with organic manure derived from termite nest material of wood-feeding Nasutitermes species was tested (randomized block design). The use of 25-100 g of nest material gave no significant increase in okra productivity, and 25-200 g gave no significant response in andiroba. The combined use of NPK with 200 g of nest material gave a significant higher production in egg-plant (total number and total fresh weight of fruits) when compared to the control (without fertilizer) and to the treatment with NPK only.The results suggest the possibility to use termite nest material to enhance crop production in Amazonia, particularly in combination with low amounts of mineral fertilizer. Research lines for further investigations are outlined.<br>Foi avaliado crescimento de duas espécies agriculturais anuais, quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus) e berinjela (Solatium melongena), e de uma espécie perene, andiroba (Carapa guianensis, uma árvore nativa da Amazônia) sob diferentes tratamentos com matéria orgânica derivada de material de cupinzeiro de espécies xilófagas de Nasutitermes (desenho de bloco randomizado). O uso de 25-100 g de material de termiteiro não levou a um incremento significativo da produtividade em quiabo, e 25-200 g não resultou numa resposta significativa em andiroba. O uso combinado de NPK com 200 g de ninho de cupim resultou numa produção significantemente maior em S. melongena (número total e peso fresco total de frutos) se comparado com o controle (sem fertilizante nenhum) e com o tratamento de NPK apenas. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de usar material de cupinzeiro para melhorara produção agrossilvicultural na Amazônia, especialmente em combinação com pequenas quantidades de fertilizante mineral Linhas de pesquisa para futuras investigações são apresentadas