177 research outputs found
Kenttävarustus- ja tietöiden suunnitteleminen ja johtaminen divisioonassa, huomioon ottaen nykyiset esikunnan vahvuudet ja työnjaon
Artikkelin lähteinä on käytetty kotimaisten lähteiden lisäksi saksalaisia ja ranskalaisia ohjesääntöjä ja muuta kirjallisuutta. Artikkelin johdannossa todetaan, että siinä pyritään käsittelemään kenttävarustus- ja tietöiden luonnetta ja suhdetta taistelutoimintaan sekä taistelujoukkojen käyttöä em. töihin. Lisäksi käsitellään pioneerijoukkojen yleisiä käyttöperiaatteita ja divisioonan esikunnan pioneeritoiminnallista työnjakoa. Toisessa osiossa käsitellään yleisellä tasolla kenttävarustus- ja tietöitä sekä niiden tekemisen taktista ja teknistä johtamista divisioonan esikunnassa. Taistelujoukkojen käyttöä käsittelevässä osassa todetaan, että pioneerijoukot eivät riitä, joten joukkojen on itse kyettävä toteuttamaan tärkeimmät kenttävarustus- ja tietyöt. Tässä mielessä korostetaan kaikkien joukkojen koulutuksen merkitystä. Luvun loppuosassa käsitellään pioneerijoukkojen yleisiä käyttöperiaatteita ja divisioonan esikunnan pioneeritoiminnallista johtamista. Toisessa luvussa käsitellään kenttävarustustöiden suunnittelemista ja johtamista. Luvussa käsitellään yksityiskohtaisesti linnoittamisen periaatteita liikuntasodassa, pitkäaikaisessa puolustuksessa ja asemasodassa. Kolmannessa luvussa käsitellään tietöiden suunnittelua toiminnan eri vaiheissa. Viimeisessä luvussa esitetään muutosehdotuksia perusteluineen
Isotopic insights into the early Medieval (600-1100 CE) diet in the Luistari cemetery at Eura, Finland
In this article, we present the results of an isotopic study of diet for the early medieval (Merovingian, Viking, Early Christian) humans buried in the unique Luistari cemetery at Eura (ca. 600-1400 CE), southwestern Finland, the largest cemetery of the region. Isotope analysis was conducted on 37 humans for dentine and bone collagen (delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta S-34), and five of them were also studied using compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis. Dental enamel and/or bone carbonate delta C-13 values were studied from altogether 65 humans, five cattle, and five sheep/goats. The bone and dentine collagen and carbonate data show that throughout the centuries, freshwater fish was a stable part of the diet for the population. Our results do not show systematic dietary differences between estimated males and females, but differences can be large on the individual level. We also discovered a possible temporal change in the enamel carbonate delta C-13 values that could be related to the increasing role of carbohydrates (e.g., crops) in the diet. Luistari burials are well comparable to contemporary Swedish Viking trading communities like Birka in their higher protein intake. But contrary to the wider Viking network, they do not show the same marine signal.Peer reviewe
Structure discovery in Atomic Force Microscopy imaging of ice
The interaction of water with surfaces is crucially important in a wide range
of natural and technological settings. In particular, at low temperatures,
unveiling the atomistic structure of adsorbed water clusters would provide
valuable data for understanding the ice nucleation process. Using
high-resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunnelling
Microscopy, several studies have demonstrated the presence of water pentamers,
hexamers, heptamers (and of their combinations) on a variety of metallic
surfaces, as well the initial stages of 2D ice growth on an insulating surface.
However, in all these cases, the observed structures were completely flat,
providing a relatively straightforward path to interpretation. Here, we present
high-resolution AFM measurements of several new water clusters on Au(111) and
Cu(111), whose understanding presents significant challenges, due to both their
highly 3D configuration and to their large size. For each of them, we use a
combination of machine learning, atomistic modelling with neural network
potentials and statistical sampling to propose an underlying atomic structure,
finally comparing its AFM simulated images to the experimental ones. These
results provide new insights into the early phases of ice formation, which is a
ubiquitous phenomenon ranging from biology to astrophysics
Automated structure discovery in atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with molecule-functionalized tips has emerged as the primary experimental technique for probing the atomic structure of organic molecules on surfaces. Most experiments have been limited to nearly planar aromatic molecules due to difficulties with interpretation of highly distorted AFM images originating from nonplanar molecules. Here, we develop a deep learning infrastructure that matches a set of AFM images with a unique descriptor characterizing the molecular configuration, allowing us to predict the molecular structure directly. We apply this methodology to resolve several distinct adsorption configurations of 1S-camphor on Cu(111) based on low-temperature AFM measurements. This approach will open the door to applying high-resolution AFM to a large variety of systems, for which routine atomic and chemical structural resolution on the level of individual objects/molecules would be a major breakthrough
Beta-decay in odd-A and even-even proton-rich Kr isotopes
Beta-decay properties of proton-rich odd-A and even-even Krypton isotopes are
studied in the framework of a deformed selfconsistent Hartree-Fock calculation
with density-dependent Skyrme forces, including pairing correlations between
like nucleons in BCS approximation. Residual spin-isospin interactions are
consistently included in the particle-hole and particle-particle channels and
treated in Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation. The similarities and
differences in the treatment of even-even and odd-A nuclei are stressed.
Comparison to available experimental information is done for Gamow-Teller
strength distributions, summed strengths, and half-lives. The dependence of
these observables on deformation is particularly emphasized in a search for
signatures of the shape of the parent nucleus.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figure
Q-value of the superallowed beta decay of Ga-62
Masses of the radioactive isotopes 62Ga, 62Zn and 62Cu have been measured at
the JYFLTRAP facility with a relative precision of better than 18 ppb. A Q_EC
value of (9181.07 +- 0.54) keV for the superallowed decay of 62Ga is obtained
from the measured cyclotron frequency ratios of 62Ga-62Zn, 62Ga-62Ni and
62Zn-62Ni ions. The resulting Ft-value supports the validity of the conserved
vector current hypothesis (CVC). The mass excess values measured were (-51986.5
+-1.0) keV for 62Ga, (-61167.9 +- 0.9) keV for 62Zn and (-62787.2 +- 0.9) keV
for 62Cu.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B. v2: added
acknowledgement
A Single-Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in C-14 of Tree Rings
The annual C-14 data in tree rings is an outstanding proxy for uncovering extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the past. Signatures of extreme SEP events have been reported in 774/775 CE, 992/993 CE, and similar to 660 BCE. Here, we report another rapid increase of C-14 concentration in tree rings from California, Switzerland, and Finland around 5410 BCE. These C-14 data series show a significant increase of similar to 6 parts per thousand in 5411-5410 BCE. The signature of C-14 variation is very similar to the confirmed three SEP events and points to an extreme short-term flux of cosmic ray radiation into the atmosphere. The rapid C-14 increase in 5411/5410 BCE rings occurred during a period of high solar activity and 60 years after a grand C-14 excursion during 5481-5471 BCE. The similarity of our C-14 data to previous events suggests that the origin of the 5410 BCE event is an extreme SEP event.Peer reviewe
A new isomer in La
Levels in La have been studied via /EC decay of on-line
mass-separated Ce using the HIGISOL technique. A new (390 40) ms isomer
is definitely attributed to La by conversion electron measurements of the 107 keV E3
isomeric transition
ABOUT ANCIENT CERAMIC TRADITIONS OF THE POPULATION OF THE NORTHERN CASPIAN REGION
Introduction. The territory of the Northern Caspian region plays an important role in the study of the Neolithic of Eastern Europe. The main criterion of this period is clay pottery. One of the difficult issues is the time of the ceramic technology appearance. Methods and materials. The study of the pottery technology of the Neolithic population of the Northern Caspian region is carried out in the framework of the historical and cultural approach to the study of ceramics, according to the method of A. Bobrinsky. The technique is based on binocular microscopy, tracology and experiment in the form of physical modeling. The basis for identifying technological traces on ceramics is the comparative analysis of the vessels under study with the base of standards. It is made by means of physical modeling in field and laboratory conditions. The age of the Neolithic monuments was determined using traditional methods in radiocarbon laboratories in Russia and Ukraine, as well as using AMS at universities in Sweden and Finland. Analysis. Over the past 10 years, more than 68 radiocarbon dates on different materials such as charcoal, bones, organics from ceramics, charred crusts, humus have been obtained. They give the possibility to determine the time of appearance and spread of the earliest pottery in the Northern Caspian region. This is the middle 7th millennium BC. The chronological framework for the development of the Neolithic in the Northern Caspian region is ca. 6600-5500 BC. The paper establishes the main and specific features of ceramic traditions. Results. The technical and technological analysis allows to reveal the genesis, the features of dynamics and further development of pottery in this region. The complex of results obtained allows to attribute the Neolithic sites of the Caspian region to the earliest pottery areal in Eastern Europe.Peer reviewe
-decay half-life of Kr: a bridge nuclide for the rp-process beyond A = 70
The -decay half-life of Kr has been measured for the first time at the ISOLDE PSB Facility at CERN. Mass separated Kr ions were produced by 1 GeV proton induced spallation reactions in a Nb foil. The measured half-life is 57(21) ms. This value is consistent with the half-life calculated assuming a pure Fermi decay, but is clearly lower than the value used in a recent rp-process reaction flow calculation. The result shows that the reaction flow via two-proton-capture of Se is 2.5 times faster than previously calculated assuming an astrophysical temperature of 1.5 GK and a density of 10g/cm
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