Optimal design of pipes in series: An explicit approximation

This paper introduces a new methodology for the optimum design of pipes in series, named Optimum Hydraulic Grade Line (OHGL). This methodology is explicit and is based on the knowledge of the series topology and the geometrical distribution of water demands on nodes, i.e. the way in which the pipe in series delivers water mass as function of the distance from the entrance. OHGL consists in the pre-determination of that hydraulic grade line which gives the minimum construction cost, in an explicit way. Once this line has been established, calculation of the pipe’s continuous diameters is direct; after a round up to commercial diameters is developed. To validate the proposed methodology, several pipes in series were designed both using GA and OHGL. Four hundred series were used in total, each with different topological characteristics and demands. Keywords: Pipe in series, optimum design, genetic algorithms, optimum hydraulic grade line

Momento Económico (31)

En este número Temas de hoy. 2/ El crac de las bolsas y el sistema capitalista mundial, Orlando Caputo. 3/ Apertura externa: ¿Un proyecto viable? Patricia Olave C.. 7/ Novedades en las negociadones contractuales: La revisión del contrato colectivo de trabajo de Pemex, Fabio Barbosa Cano, 9/ Pemex: ¿Los precios mas bajos del mundo? lssac Palacios Solano. 12/ Comentario del momento. El "destape": discrepancia y pirotecnia de la CTM. Roberto Borja. 16

Inteligencia emocional en estudiantes del primer año de la Facultad de Derecho de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana en el semestre 2018 - II

[Originalmente sin resumen. Texto extraído del Objetivo General:] Determinar el cociente de IE general de los estudiantes del primer año de la Facultad de Derecho de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana en el Semestre 2018 – II considerando su ciclo de estudio, género, edad y lugar de procedencia.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

The effect of temperature and enzyme concentration in the transesterification process of synthetic microalgae oil

Throughout the world, the fossil fuel has supplied around the 80% of the energetic requirements, in Colombia alone 95.1% of energetic demand is made by the transportation sector solely, supplied by oil, kerosene, gasoline and diesel, this sector has an extremely small participation with biofuel of 3%, which is represented only by biodiesel. Microalgae had been proposed as biofactories with a remarkable third generation biofuels production. The culture of the microorganism comprehends interesting characteristics as countless environments where its natural growth could be replicated in fresh, salty and even sewage waters, with a higher growth rate and a higher oil production. The implementation of enzymes in the transesterification process have generated a good curiosity in the field, due to its mild reactions conditions, lesser energetic requirements, a high standard in the selection of the enzymes with the objective of avoiding the formation of soaps, creating in this way cleaner products and sub-products, in which the separation of the phases biodiesel/glycerol, give the possibility to recuperate the bio catalyzer and high output of reactions. However, the high volume of medium required to obtain lipids is one of the major drawbacks to test the viability of these enzymes. The present study aims to design an enzymatic transesterification process for the production of biodiesel form synthetic Chlorella oil. The synthetic oil was designed according to the lipid profile of C 16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 from Chlorella spp CHL2 cultured on Bold Basal media under limited concentrations of NaNO3. The enzymatic transesterification efficiency was evaluated by the implementation of a 22 experimental factorial design (temperature and lipase concentration) under a 3: 1 molar ratio of alcohol:oil and a fixed reaction time of 6 hours. The obtained results show that, in order to obtain superior yields of biodiesel (>91%) the transesterification process must be carried out under temperature conditions close to 38°C and lipase concentrations of 5%

Application of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. in the bioconversion of urban leachates into industrially relevant metabolites

This paper explores the ability of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. to convert landfill leachates into usable metabolites. Different concentrations (0.5, 1, 5, and 10% v/v) of leachate coupled with an inorganic carbon source (Na2CO3, and NaHCO3) were tested to improve biomass production, metabolites synthesis, and removal of NO3 and PO4 . The result shows that both strains can effectively grow in media with up to 5% (v/v) leachate, while significantly reducing the concentrations of NO3, and PO4 (80 and 50%, respectively). The addition of NaHCO3 as a carbon source improved the final concentration of biomass, lipids, carbohydrates, and the removal of NO3 and PO4 in both strains

Nivel de adaptación y afrontamiento en las mujeres con cáncer de mama

Introducción: El cáncer de mama constituye una amenaza para la salud por ser la segunda causa de muerte en la mujer de 30 a 50 años de edad. El diagnostico, tratamiento y recuperación de las mujeres con cáncer de mama genera situaciones estresantes, la forma en cómo se afrontan influye en la adaptación. Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de adaptación y afrontamiento de las mujeres con cáncer de mama, atendidas en una institución de salud de Durango, Dgo. México. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cuantitativo, aplicando instrumento validado en población mexicana con un (alfa .7969), "escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación" de Callista Roy" en 22 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Resultados: Las mujeres con cáncer de mama se adaptan y afrontan su problema de salud, con un nivel de adaptación integrado y compensatorio pudiendodistinguir que dónde presenta dificultad es en el modo físico y fisiológico. Discusión y Conclusiones: De acuerdo al estudio "ajuste psicosocial y afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama" se encuentra una diferencia en que los participantes no experimentaron cambios a partir de la enfermedad contraria a nuestro trabajo ya que los participantes adquieren nuevas posibilidades y capacidades. La adaptación de las mujeres que han padecido cáncer de mama es un proceso dinámico, enfrentan múltiples desequilibrios que afectan sus dimensiones emocional, física, mental y social. Se pudo conocer el nivel de adaptación y afrontamiento de las mujeres con cáncer de mama comprobando que en su mayoría presentan un nivel de adaptación integrado y compensatorio. (Rev Cuid 2011; 2(2): 96- 104)Palabras clave: Adaptación Psicológica, Atención de Enfermería, Cáncer de Mama. (Fuente: DeCs BIREME)

Using the Synergy between HPLC-MS and MALDI-MS Imaging to Explore the Lipidomics of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Lipid imaging mass spectrometry (LIMS) has been tested in several pathological contexts, demonstrating its ability to segregate and isolate lipid signatures in complex tissues, thanks to the technique’s spatial resolution. However, it cannot yet compete with the superior identification power of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and therefore, very often, the latter is used to refine the assignment of the species detected by LIMS. Also, it is not clear if the differences in sensitivity and spatial resolution between the two techniques lead to a similar panel of biomarkers for a given disease. Here, we explore the capabilities of LIMS and HPLC-MS to produce a panel of lipid biomarkers to screen nephrectomy samples from 40 clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. The same set of samples was explored by both techniques, and despite the important differences between them in terms of the number of detected and identified species (148 by LIMS and 344 by HPLC-MS in negative-ion mode) and the presence/absence of image capabilities, similar conclusions were reached: using the lipid fingerprint, it is possible to set up classifiers that correctly identify the samples as either healthy or tumor samples. The spatial resolution of LIMS enables extraction of additional information, such as the existence of necrotic areas or the existence of different tumor cell populations, but such information does not seem determinant for the correct classification of the samples, or it may be somehow compensated by the higher analytical power of HPLC-MS. Similar conclusions were reached with two very different techniques, validating their use for the discovery of lipid biomarkers.The work was funded by the Basque Government (IT971-16, IT1162-19, and ELKARTEK KK2018-00090) and has been developed as a Ph.D. project of LMS, who is the recipient of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the Spanish Government (BES- 2016-078721) . The authors are grateful to SGiker Lipidomic Service (UPV/EHU, MICINN, GV/EG, ESF) for the expert advice and technical and human support in MALDI and HPLC- MS analysis

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento del César y Huila.

El presente documento pretende examinar el impacto psicológico y emocional, generado por la exposición a situaciones de conflicto armado por parte de una serie de actores víctimas, los cuales aportan de manera significativa a los procesos de intervención psicosocial de los profesionales en formación en psicología de la Universidad UNAD. A través de las narrativas individuales de las víctimas, se logra información valiosa en torno a la problemática aquí presentada, y es traducida por un sinnúmero de hechos victimizantes que acarrean afectaciones psicológicas que impactan a su vez los estilos de afrontamiento y los mecanismos de defensa de la población víctima, tanto a nivel personal como familiar, conllevándolos en la mayoría de los casos a emitir conductas resilientes bajo duelos mal elaborados que en su interior frenan los procesos de superación que se requieren, y que a la vez ocasionan una serie de emergentes psicosociales que afectan la calidad de vida de estos grupos, los cuales en su mayoría de casos se enfrentan a situaciones de desplazamiento forzado, haciendo que pierdan su arraigo cultural y su condición de vida, muchas veces presentándose en una etapa posterior al suceso traumático, como lo menciona Vera, Baquero, & Jiménez, (2006), “Algunas personas expuestas a un suceso traumático y que no han desarrollado patologías en un primer momento, pueden hacerlo mucho tiempo después, incluso años más tarde”, (p. 42); como se puede observar, las afectaciones psicosociales están presenten en esta población considerada como víctima, y es un reto enorme para los profesionales de apoyo psicosocial acompañar de manera efectiva estos procesos, pues se reconocen afectaciones como cuadros de estrés postraumático, crisis de ansiedad que afectan la percepción personal y social, cuadros de depresión, ideación suicida, ataques de pánico, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, que conllevan a una disminución de los niveles de calidad de vida, y por ende a una ruptura de las redes sociales y afectivas de la víctima, que muchas veces modifica de manera negativa los roles familiares y en lo social ocasiona un desarraigo cultural al enfrentarse a desplazamientos traumáticos , perturbando su plan de vida individual, familiar y social.This document aims to examine the psychological and emotional impact generated by the exposure to situations of armed conflict by a series of victim actors, which contribute significantly to the processes of psychosocial intervention of professionals in psychology training. UNAD University. Through the individual narratives of the victims, valuable information is obtained around the problems presented here, and is translated by a number of victimizing facts that involve psychological affectations that in turn impact the coping styles and defense mechanisms of the victims. the victim population, both on a personal and family level, leading them in most cases to emit resilient behaviors under poorly elaborated duels that in their brakes stop the processes of overcoming that are required, and that at the same time cause a series of psychosocial emergencies that affect the quality of life of these groups, which in most cases face situations of forced displacement, causing them to lose their cultural roots and their condition of life, often occurring at a later stage than the traumatic event, as mentions Vera, Baquero, & Jiménez, (2006), "Some people exposed to a traumatic event and that they have not developed pathologies at first, they can do so much later, even years later ", (p. 42); As can be seen, the psychosocial affectations are present in this population considered as a victim, and it is a huge challenge for psychosocial support professionals to effectively accompany these processes, as they are recognized as afflictions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety crises that affect personal and social perception, pictures of depression, suicidal ideation, panic attacks, consumption of psychoactive substances, which lead to a decrease in quality of life levels, and therefore to a breakdown of the social and affective networks of the victim , which often modifies family and social roles in a negative way, causes cultural uprooting when facing traumatic displacements, disrupting their individual, family and social life plans

Cuidados de enfermagem que mudam comportamentos alimentares em adolescentes, etapa inicial da anorexia

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is a disorder of eating behavior that affects the individual physiologically and psychologically. The nursing professional with his multidisciplinary team must promote, prevent and rehabilitate in order to modify these behaviors and reduce their progression. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature. Keywords used Nursing Care, Youth, Anorexia, Food Behavior, Multimodal Treatment and Coping Skills. Articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese of any nationality and methodological design published between 2014 and 2019 indexed in the ClinicalKey, SCIelo and CINAHL Nursing databases and Google academic metasearch engines were included. They were filtered by reading the title, summary and full text, were classified according to the level of evidence and grade of recommendation; Finally, critical reading was carried out using the Amstar, Consort and Strobe scales. Results: 34 articles were included and three themes were constructed: Nursing strategies that modify eating behavior, Factors that influence the change in eating behavior and Nursing strategies impact. Conclusion: Nursing interventions are essential for the recovery of adolescents in the initial stage of anorexia since they reduce the progression of the disease and favor the expression of feelings. Keywords: Anorexia, nursing care, young people, Feeding Behavior.  Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria que afecta al individuo fisiológica y psicológicamente. El profesional de enfermería y equipo multidisciplinar debe promocionar, prevenir y rehabilitar para modificar estas conductas y reducir su progresión. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Palabras clave utilizadas Atención de Enfermería, Jóvenes, Anorexia, Conducta alimentaria trastorno de la Ingesta Alimentaria Evitativa/Restrictiva, Tratamiento multimodal y Habilidades de afrontamiento. Se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués de cualquier nacionalidad y diseño metodológico publicados entre 2014 y 2019 indexados en bases de datos ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL y metabuscador Google académico. Se filtraron por lectura de título, resumen y texto completo, se clasificaron según el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación; finalmente se ejecutó lectura crítica mediante las escalas Amstar, Consort y Strobe.. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 artículos y se construyeron cuatro temáticas: cuidados de enfermería que modifican la conducta alimentaria, factores que influyen en el cambio de la conducta alimentaria, impacto de los cuidados de enfermería y consecuencias de la no aplicación de los cuidados de enfermería. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de enfermería son fundamentales para la recuperación de los adolescentes en etapa inicial de anorexia ya que reducen la progresión de la enfermedad y favorece la expresión de sentimientos.Introdução: A anorexia nervosa é um transtorno do comportamento alimentar que afeta ao sujeito fisiologica e psicologicamente. O profissional de enfermagem junto com a equipe multiprofissional deve promover, prever e reabilitar para mudar essas condutas e reduzir o progresso. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Palavras-chave empregadas: cuidados de enfermagem, adolescente, anorexia, comportamento alimentar, transtorno da evitação ou restrição da ingestão de alimentos, terapia combinada, adaptação psicológica. Incluíram-se artigos publicados em espanhol, inglês e português com qualquer nacionalidade ou metodologia. Foram selecionadas as publicações entre 2014-2019 disponíveis na ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL e no Google Scholar. Foram filtrados pela leitura do título, o resumo e o texto completo; classificaram-se segundo o nível de evidência e o grau de recomendação. Finalmente, efetivou-se uma leitura crítica empregando as escalas Amstar, Consort e Strobe. Resultados: Incluíram-se 34 artigos e construíram-se quatro temas: cuidados de enfermagem que mudam os comportamentos alimentares; fatores que influenciam a mudança de comportamento alimentar; impacto nos cuidados de enfermagem; e, consequências da ausência de cuidados de enfermagem. Conclusão: As intervenções de enfermagem são fundamentais para a recuperação dos adolescentes na etapa inicial da anorexia, devido à redução do progresso do transtorno, além de favorecer a expressão dos seus sentimentos

Echinoderms from the Museum of Zoology from the Universidad de Costa Rica

El Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (MZUCR) se funda en 1966 y alberga la colección de organismos vertebrados e invertebrados más completa de Costa Rica. El MZUCR cuenta actualmente con 24 colec-ciones que contienen más de cinco millones de especíme-nes, y más de 13 000 especies identificadas. Las primeras colecciones datan 1960 e incluyen peces, reptiles, anfibios, poliquetos, crustáceos y equinodermos. Para este último grupo, el MZUCR posee un total de 157 especies, en 1 173 lotes y 4 316 ejemplares. Estas 157 especies representan el 54% del total de especies de equinodermos que posee Costa Rica (293 especies). El resto de especies están repar-tidas en las siguientes instituciones: Academia de la Cien-cias de California (CAS) (4.8%), Instituto Oceanográfico Scripps (SIO) (5.2%), en la Colección Nacional de equino-dermos “Dra. Ma. Elena Caso” de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (ICML-UNAM) (12.7%), Museo de Zoología Comparada de Harvard (MZC) (19.2%), y en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Instituto Smithso-niano (USNM) (35.1%). Es posible que haya material de Costa Rica en el Museo de Historia Natural de Dinamarca (NCD) y en el Museo de Historia Natural de los Ángeles (LACM), sin embargo, no hubo acceso a dichas coleccio-nes. A su vez hay 9.6% de especies que no aparecen en ningún museo, pero están reportadas en la literatura. Con base en esta revisión de colecciones se actualizó el listado taxonómico de equinodermos para Costa Rica que consta de 293 especies, 152 géneros, 75 familias, 30 órdenes y cinco clases. La costa Pacífica de Costa Rica posee 153 especies, seguida por la isla del Coco con 134 y la costa Caribe con 65. Holothuria resultó ser el género más rico con 25 especies.The Museum of Zoology, Universidad de Costa Rica (MZUCR) was founded in 1966 and houses the most complete collection of vertebrates and invertebrates in Costa Rica. The MZUCR currently has 24 collections containing more than five million specimens, and more than 13 000 species. The earliest collections date back to 1960 and include fishes, reptiles, amphibians, polychaetes, crustaceans and echinoderms. For the latter group, the MZUCR has a total of 157 species, in 1 173 lots and 4 316 specimens. These 157 species represent 54% of the total species of echino-derms from Costa Rica. The remaining species are distributed in the following institutions: California Academy of Sciences (CAS) (4.8%), Scripps Oceanographic Institute (SIO) (5.2%), National Echinoderm Collection “Dr. Ma. Elena Caso” from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (ICML-UNAM) (12.7%), the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institute (USNM) (35.1%), and the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology (19.2%). There may be material from Costa Rica in the Natural History Museum of Denmark (NCD) and the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles (LACM), however, there was no access to such collections. There are 9.6% that do not appear in museums, but are reported in the literature. Based on this revision, the taxonomic list of echinoderms for Costa Rica is updated to 293 species, 152 genera, 75 families, 30 orders and 5 classes. The Pacific coast of Costa Rica has 153 species, followed by the Isla del Coco with 134 and the Caribbean coast with 65. Holothuria is the most diverse genus with 25 species.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de BiologíaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Artes y Letras::Museo de la Universidad de Costa Ric