An exercise on developing an ontology-epistemology about schizophrenia and neuroanatomy

This paper describes preliminary ideas on formalizing some concepts of neuroanatomy into ontological and epistemological terms. We envisage the application of this ontology on the assimilation of facts about medical knowledge about neuroimages from schizophrenic patients

Revitalização da Industria de Defesa no Brasil: Desafios e Oportunidades para o Arranjo Produtivo em São Bernardo do Campo

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar os desafios à revitalização da indústria de defesa nacional a partir da implantação do arranjo produtivo local de defesa de São Bernardo do Campo. Para tanto, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, com caráter exploratório-descritivo. A coleta de dados baseou-se em: análise histórica e documental, o que permitiu descrever a constituição do setor e identificar o crescimento e declínio do setor, bem como, objetivos e estratégias definidas para o arranjo produtivo de Defesa. Entrevistas estruturadas realizadas junto a uma amostra de sujeitos, atuantes no setor, complementam a coleta de dados e apoiam a análise sistematizada dos aspectos inerentes aos cenários, no setor, alguns dos quais derivados da experiência empírica dos entrevistados. Os resultados obtidos apontam a necessidade de estabelecer parceria com o Governo que deverá lançar incentivos econômicos, tecnológicos e institucionais para que a revitalização da indústria, como uma alternativa econômica e social relevante para o Grande ABC, possa lograr sucesso. Portanto, conclui-se que a definição dos desafios da indústria de defesa e do APL de São Bernardo do Campo estão relacionados ao apoio ou à ausência dele por parte do governo

INITIAL GROWTH OF Citharexyllum myrianthum plants UNDER PLANTING FERTILIZATION

The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of Citharexyllum myrianthum under the influence of three sources of planting fertilizers, in conditions of 18 L pots. The treatments used were, as follows: absolute control; 5 L of biosolid/pot; 300 g of natural rock phosphate (NRP), and 200 grams of NPK 06-29-06. The seedlings were grown in pots in full sun, supplemented with Dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. At 150 days after transplanting, the plants were measured, obtaining the height of the aerial part and the diameter of the stem. Then, the increment of these two variables was calculated. Subsequently, the leaves were removed to determine the leaf area (LA), separating the aerial part from the root system, and then packed in a paper bag and placed in an oven at 65ºC, for drying until reaching constant weight. After weighing this material to obtain the dry matter of the aerial part (APDM) and root (RDM). The leaves were ground to determine the foliar contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. To evaluate the effect of treatments on the soil, samples were taken from the pots to determine the levels of macronutrients, organic matter, and CEC(t). It was found that the LA and APDM of plants fertilized with NPK showed significantly higher values when compared to plants cultivated in the control treatment. It is recommended to fertilize Citharexyllum myrianthum plants with 200 grams of N-P-K 06-29-06/hole or with 5 L of biosolid

FIRE EFFECTS ON SOIL FUNGI IN A CERRADO VEGETATION AREA ACCORDING TO THE COLLECTION PERIOD

The Cerrado is recognized for its biodiversity, but is currently considered a threatened biome. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of low-intensity fire on the abundance and richness of fungal communities in a Red Yellow Latosol in Sensu Stricto Cerrado. Five treatments were defined in control and burned plots, which represent the soil collections as a function of the periods after prescribed firing. The fire effects were evaluated in the 0-5 and 15-20 cm layers of soil depth. For statistical analysis, the Shanon-Wiener, Simpson and Berger-Parker indexes were used. A significant reduction of 33.3% was observed (ANOVA; Dunnett Test p> 0,05) in total abundance (UFC.g-1), in the superficial layer and in the deeper soil profile (15-20 cm) of the burned plots when compared to the control plots. However, it was observed a fungi recolonization at 2 months after burning. A total of 21 fungi genera were found, and more diversity was observed in the burned plots compared to non-burned. The maximum Shanon-Wiener index was H´=0,85 in the 15-20 cm depth for the burned plots. For the dominance index, a maximum value of 70% was observed for the Aspergillus genus (in the treatment before burning for the 15-20 cm depth). The fluctuations in the diversity of fungi after burning were not affected by the fire, but by the rainfall indexes in the treatments after burning. The equity was uniform and showed differences in the numerical richness in burned plots and control. Rainfall has a great impact on the fungal recovery speed

Drug induced liver damage in a universitary hospital

Background: Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is responsible for wide spectrum of liver injury. Clinically, these events are presented in various forms and for reaching a different diagnosis other injury causes must be excluded. Aim: Identify and characterize cases of hepatotoxicity induced by drugs, herbal and dietary supplements in University Hospital in Brazil. Material and Methods: Observational and retrospective study. Was collected in records of University Hospital, between August 2009 at August 2014. The causality of the drug reactions suspected were evaluated Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). Results: We selected 30 suspected cases, 50% was female and average was 39 years. The therapeutic classes most common was: anti-infectives; antineoplastic agents; central nervous system drugs, anabolic steroid and herbal and dietary supplements (HDS). Cholestatic or mixed injury was observed in 73% these cases; 60% were highly probable, according to CIOMS.  Conclusion: DILI is caused by a wide variety of drugs, dietary supplements and dietary supplements. Anti-infectives and chemotherapy were responsible for much of the respons

Histological remission of autoimmune hepatitis after the addition of allopurinol and azathioprine dose reduction

The standard therapy for some autoimmune diseases consists of a combination of corticosteroids and thiopurines. In non-responders to thiopurine drugs, the measurement of the metabolites of azathioprine, 6-thioguanine, and 6-methylmercaptopurine, can be a useful tool. The measurement has been used during the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and, less commonly, in autoimmune hepatitis. Many patients preferentially metabolize thiopurines to 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP), which is potentially hepatotoxic, instead of 6-thioguanine, the active immunosuppressive metabolite. The addition of allopurinol shifts the metabolism of thiopurine towards 6-thioguanine, improving the immunosuppressive effect. We present the case of a 51-year-old female with autoimmune hepatitis who had a biochemical response after azathioprine and prednisone treatment without histological remission, and who preferentially shunted to 6-MMP. After the addition of allopurinol, the patient’s 6-thioguanine levels increased, and she reached histological remission with a reduction of 67% of the original dose of azathioprine. The patient did not develop clinical manifestations as a consequence of her increased immunosuppressive state. We also review the relevant literature related to this issue. In conclusion, the addition of allopurinol to thiopurine seems to be an option for those patients who do not reach histological remission and who have a skewed thiopurine metabolite profil

Spatio-temporal variability of erosivity in Mato Grosso, Brazil

The impact of rainfall on surfaces lacking vegetal cover can dissociate soil particles, thereby initiating the erosion process. This is known as rainfall erosivity and is expressed by the R factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Agricultural areas often show seasonally erosion susceptibility throughout the year due to oscillations of the soil exposure rate and the vegetation change. Considering that approximately 30 million ha of the Mato Grosso State in Brazil is used for agriculture, this study aimed to predict and map the spatial and temporal variability of its territory. We evaluated the monthly (EI30) and annual (R) erosivity for 158 rain gauge stations and spatialized the values of EI30 and R by the Kriging method. It was observed that R values ranked as very high in the north, and high and medium-high in the south of Mato Grosso state. The mean value is 8835 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, considered high. Ninety-one percent of the annual erosivity was concentrated in the period between October and April, corresponding to the rainy season. The highest R factor values were found in the macro-regions of the northwest, north, west and medium-north of Mato Grosso State

Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers as a tensile reinforcement of the Pinus elliotti and Manilkara huberi wood species

In wood structures, the elements subjected to bending stresses, such as the beams, present a fracture initiated in the tensile region, and under these conditions, the use of laminated composite materials is presented as an alternative solution in the form of repair or reinforcement. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of carbon fibers laminated composites in tensile reinforcement in the direction parallel to grain of Pinus elliotti and Manilkara huberi wood species. The Viapol two-component epoxy adhesive was used in the lamination and fixation of the unidirectional carbon fiber in the wood species. Ten specimens with no defects (reference) and 10 specimens were prepared for each crack length (25 and 50mm) with and without the reinforcement (60mm × 50mm) by the laminated composite. The tensile tests were performed in accordance with the requirements of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). From the results of the statistical analysis, the use of the carbon fiber composite was able to restore the tensile strength of the cracked samples (partial or total) in relation to samples without defects, demonstrating the potential of the laminates in carbon fibers as an alternative solution in repair for both wood species

Determinação da área foliar específica de diferentes espécies de três fitofisionomias do Pantanal Sul

Diferentes estratégias adaptativas são observadas nas plantas em resposta às variações ambientais e a determinação da área foliar específica (SLA) pode ser um parâmetro evidenciar tais estratégias. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a SLA em três fitofisionomias (Cerradão, Mata Ciliar e Paratudal) do Pantanal Sul, Corumbá – MS, a fim de relacionar a plasticidade foliar e os ambientes. Análises estatísticas apontaram diferenças significativas entre os valores de SLA dos ambientes e também para as famílias e morfoespécies comuns às áreas de estudo. O presente trabalho evidencia que diferentes padrões morfológicos são estratégias observadas em resposta às variações ambientais e ecológicas