Operators manual for the magnetograph program (section 2)

This manual for use of the magnetograph program describes: (1) black box use of the programs; (2) the magtape data formats used; (3) the adjustable control parameters in the program; and (4) the algorithms. With no adjustments on the control parameters this program may be used purely as a black box. For optimal use, however, the control parameters may be varied. The magtape data formats are of use in adopting other programs to look at raw data or final magnetograph data

Ngaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Industri Media PT. Riau Media Televisi (Rtv) Pekanbaru

This study aims to determine the effect of work discipline and career development on employee performance partially and simultaneously. This study uses questionnaires as a means of collecting data distributed to 63 employees in Media Industries PT. Riau Media Television (Rtv) Pekanbaru. The data from the questionnaire was further processed using descriptive analysis and statistical analysis using SPSS 17.0 by performing validity test, reliability test, simple linear analysis, multiple linear analysis, determination analysis (R²) and hypothesis test with t test (partial) and F ( Simultaneous).The results showed that the results of the first hypothesis testing of work discipline on employee performance is(6,718) >(1,999), meaning that work discipline variables significantly affect employee performance. Both career development on employee performance is(7,954 >(1,999), meaning career development has a significant effect on employee performance. The result of F test of work discipline and career development on employee performance is(36,605) >(3,15), meaning work discipline and career development simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance

Flow Field Evolution of a Decaying Sunspot

We study the evolution of the flows and horizontal proper motions in and around a decaying follower sunspot based on time sequences of two-dimensional spectroscopic observations in the visible and white light imaging data obtained over six days from June~7 to~12, 2005. During this time period the sunspot decayed gradually to a pore. The spectroscopic observations were obtained with the Fabry-P\'{e}rot based Visible-Light Imaging Magnetograph (VIM) in conjunction with the high-order adaptive optics (AO) system operated at the 65 cm vacuum reflector of the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). We apply local correlation tracking (LCT) to the speckle reconstructed time sequences of white-light images around 600 nm to infer horizontal proper motions while the Doppler shifts of the scanned \FeI line at 630.15 nm are used to calculate line-of-sight (LOS) velocities with sub-arcsecond resolution. We find that the dividing line between radial inward and outward proper motions in the inner and outer penumbra, respectively, survives the decay phase. In particular the moat flow is still detectable after the penumbra disappeared. Based on our observations three major processes removed flux from the sunspot: (a) fragmentation of the umbra, (b) flux cancelation of moving magnetic features (MMFs; of the same polarity as the sunspot) that encounter the leading opposite polarity network and plages areas, and (c) flux transport by MMFs (of the same polarity as the sunspot) to the surrounding network and plage regions that have the same polarity as the sunspot.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, The Astrophysical Journal, accepted September, 200

Spatial distribution and statistical properties of small-scale convective vortex-like motions in a quiet Sun region

High-resolution observations of a quiet Sun internetwork region taken with the Solar 1-m Swedish Telescope in La Palma are analyzed. We determine the location of small-scale vortex motions in the solar photospheric region by computing the horizontal proper motions of small-scale structures on time series of images. These plasma convectively-driven swirl motions are associated to: (1) downdrafts (that have been commonly explained as corresponding to sites where the plasma is cooled down and hence returned to the interior below the visible photospheric level), and (2) horizontal velocity vectors converging into a central point. The sink cores are proved to be the final destination of passive floats tracing plasma flows towards the center of each vortex. We establish the occurrence of these events to be 1.4 x 10^(-3) and 1.6 x 10^(-3) vortices Mm^(-2) min^(-1) respectively for two time series analyzed here.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

Magnetohydrostatic atmospheres

We show that the atmospheric and magnetic height variations are coupled in general MHS equilibria with gravity when isolated thin non-force-free flux tubes are present. In gas-dominated environments, as in stellar photospheres, flux tubes must expand rapidly with height to maintain pressure balance with the cool surroundings. But in magnetically dominated environments, as in stellar coronae, the large-scale background magnetic field determines the average spreading of embedded flux tubes, and rigidly held flux tubes {\it require} a specific surrounding atmosphere with a unique temperature profile for equilibrium. The solar static equilibrium atmosphere exhibits correct transition-region properties and the accepted base coronal temperature for the sun's main magnetic spherical harmonic. Steady flows contribute to the overall pressure, so equilibria with accelerated wind outflows are possible as well. Flux tubes reflect a mathematical degeneracy in the form of non-force-free fields, which leads to coupling in general equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium state characterizes the system average in usual circumstances and dynamics tend to maintain the MHS atmosphere. Outflows are produced everywhere external to rigidly held flux tubes that refill a depleted or cool atmosphere to the equilibrium gas profile, heating the gas compressively.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&

Prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors among male fire-fighters in Cape Town, South Africa

Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and on-duty mortality among fire-fighters. This study investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors among firefighters in Cape Town, South Africa.A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study design was used. A convenient sample of 219 male fire-fighters with mean age 37.85±9.80 years was recruited. Eight major CAD risk factors were assessed using standard techniques. SPSS (ver. 23) was used with the Pearson correlation and Kruskall-Wallis H test with the MannWhitney test post hoc and a Bonferroni correction. The significance level set at p<0.05

Increasing the Fine Structure Visibility of the Hinode SOT Ca II H Filtergrams

We present the improved so-called Madmax (OMC) operator selecting maxima of convexities computed in multiple directions around each pixel rewritten in MatLab and shown to be very efficient for pattern recognition. The aim of the algorithm is to trace the bright hair-like features (for ex. chromospheric thin jets or spicules) of solar ultimate observations polluted by a noise of different origins. This popular spatial operator uses the second derivative in the optimally selected direction for which its absolute value has a maximum value. Accordingly, it uses the positivity of the resulting intensity signal affected by a superposed noise. The results are illustrated using a test artificially generated image and real SOT (Hinode) images are also used, to make your own choice of the sensitive parameters to use in improving the visibility of images.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figurs, submitted in Solar Physic

Supporting researchers conducting qualitative research into sensitive, challenging, and difficult topics: Experiences and practical applications.

Qualitative researchers often engage in work addressing challenging, difficult, or sensitive topics and are consequently exposed to the participants’ narratives which may be emotionally charged, distressing, or compromising. These narratives occasionally rest heavy on a researcher’s conscience or may linger in the mind. Much literature has assessed how best to keep participants safe, but less attention has been given to how we keep researchers safe. We therefore document the following: (1) Our experiences of the issues presented by undertaking qualitative research involving challenging, difficult, or sensitive topics; and (2) Practical principles devised to overcome these issues, ensuring safety and wellbeing amongst researchers engaging in these types of qualitative research. We provide guidance for qualitative researchers of all levels of experience and expertise on how best to protect and support themselves, their colleagues, and other collaborating research staff, when undertaking qualitative research which might otherwise feel uncomfortable or overwhelming to tackle

Brightness, distribution, and evolution of sunspot umbral dots

We present a 106-minute TiO (705.7nm) time series of high spatial and temporal resolution that contains thousands of umbral dots (UDs) in a mature sunspot in the active region NOAA 10667 at $\mu$=0.95. The data were acquired with the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope on La Palma. With the help of a multilevel tracking (MLT) algorithm the sizes, brightnesses, and trajectories of 12836 umbral dots were found and analyzed. The MLT allows UDs with very low contrast to be reliably identified. Inside the umbra we determine a UD filling factor of 11%. The histogram of UD lifetimes is monotonic, i.e. a UD does not have a typical lifetime. Three quarters of the UDs lived for less than 150s and showed no or little motion. The histogram of the UD diameters exhibits a maximum at 225km, i.e. most of the UDs are spatially resolved. UDs display a typical horizontal velocity of 420m/s and a typical peak intensity of 51% of the mean intensity of the quiet photosphere, making them on average 20% brighter than the local umbral background. Almost all mobile UDs (large birth-death distance) were born close to the umbra-penumbra boundary, move towards the umbral center, and are brighter than average. Notably bright and mobile UDs were also observed along a prominent UD chain, both ends of which are located at the umbra-penumbra boundary. Their motion started primarily at either of the ends of the chain, continued along the chain, and ended near the chain's center. We observed the splitting and merging of UDs and the temporal succession of both. For the first time the evolution of brightness, size, and horizontal speed of a typical UD could be determined in a statistically significant way. Considerable differences between the evolution of central and peripheral UDs are found, which point to a difference in origin