The impact of samurthi program in ethnic violated areas: a special analysis focusing on Sammanthurai zone 'D'

After more than several decade of development effort poverty still remains as a major problem in Sri Lanka within the war induced area. In order to alleviate poverty is a specific program to which increasing attention is now being directed by all development countries. The present paper attempts to analyze the impact of Samurthi program within the ethnic violated areas of Sammmanthurai. These research areas are mostly affected by the ethnic riots in 1989. Due to the ethnic riots, the communities' socio economic up liftment was destroyed and they were displaced from their place of origin relocated to other areas of Sammanthurai. After that the returnees were assisted by Government of Sri Lanka to restart their life with small grant. But at now the effected communities are mostly getting benefits by Samuthi rather than the non effected communities. This research analyzed with special focus on poor rural effected communities comparatively. The main objective of the research is to identifying the impact of Samurthi program for reducing vulnerability and poverty in ethnic violated areas. This research is conducted through primary, secondary sources which are questionnaire survey, key informant interview and discussions with the relevant Samurthi beneficiaries. Primary data collected from structured interview with key informants, 07 people were interviewed. And 76 questionnaires were given to 11 Giram Nilathari Divisions and collected data from Beneficiaries. In addition to that interpretive, qualitative methods have been adopted in this research. The finding of the research revealed that the program is an important role for reduction of rural poverty among this area 23.68% people benefited by Samurthi and the other 76.32% of people were not benefited. Most of beneficiaries were widow, widower, divorced and vulnerable people. Further non educated communities are unsatisfactory with regard to Samurthi. There are 44.73 % of beneficiaries say as satisfactory. 14.47 % beneficiaries say well and the others are unsatisfactory. The loan system of Samurthi Bank is much appreciated. The total numbers of community had taken loan from Samurthi Bank. 48 women are maintaining their account on their own. Further, just 14 beneficiaries are gaining income between 2000- 4000 rupees and the other are below. The total number of community have voluntary saving system in the empowerment rate is high among them; it is as calculated 79%. In my conclusion, 1 proved, Samurthi program is an important role for poverty reduction among absolute poverty line community in this area, but still the communities are under difficulties due to the past ethnic conflict

Consumer Preseptcon of the Community Pharmacut and Community Pharmacy Services in Tirur City

AIM: This study aimed to determine the perception of Tirur consumers of the community pharmacist and of the services offered from community pharmacies. OBJECTIVES: To find the time interval of visit in the pharmacy, To find how long the consumer wait to place the prescription and to get the drug, To find how the consumer identify the pharmacist, To find out the satisfaction of the consumer from the pharmacist, To find out the pharmacist consumer relation ship, To find out the dealing efficiency of the pharmacist, To find out the pharmacist knowledge and ability towards patient counseling. CONCLUSION: Tirur city consumers have a positive overall perception of community pharmacists and of the services offered from community pharmacies that is comparable to most studies in Europe and the USA. Patient satisfaction can be reliably measured by surveys structured around the principles of pharmaceutical care. The introduction of patient counseling into routine community pharmacy operations can improves patient satisfaction, especially when accompanied by formal consultations about their medical conditions This study will provide guiding information about the population perception, views and satisfaction with pharmacist performance as health care provider in the community pharmacy setting, this study reveals the image and professional performance of community pharmacist among the consumers. Patient shows better satisfaction perception and appreciation of the pharmacist role in the health care team. Extra efforts should be paid to improve the clinical skills of the Community pharmacist. According to the survey Consumers have an average perception and was very or fairly satisfied about knowledge and ability to answer questions and pharmacist interest in patient health , whether consumer satisfied with provision of explanation of pharmacist about how medication work. This means pharmacist should be able to advice guide direct and persuade the patient to comply correct use of drugs. Community pharmacist should equip themselves with appropriate knowledge and competencies in order to tender efficient and outstanding pharmaceutical health care. Community pharmacist need to be able to reach out of patient, assess their hesitations and promptly offer solution which was appreciated by the patients as the survey indicated. They should play a proactive role in becoming an effective and indispensable part of health care. Community pharmacist today are involved in a wide variety of professional activities which may be considered as either product or patient oriented. Community pharmacist can play an important role in patient counseling and should be able to give basic drug information in terms of appropriate drug usage, side effect, and drug-drug and drug food interaction. This study generates opinion and view of performance is crucial to improve the quality of current services, evaluating the need for new services and enhancing communication and expectations between two sides. this study also provide a baseline before implementing new strategies or clinical service to measure patients views about pharmacist’s role in health care team and even improve patients adherence to medication. This study provides guiding information about the population perception, views and satisfaction with pharmacist performance as health care provider in the community pharmacy setting, this study reveals the image and professional performance of community pharmacist among the consumers. Patient shows better satisfaction perception and appreciation of the pharmacist role in the health care team

On beta-time fractional biological population model with abundant solitary wave structures

Abstract The ongoing study deals with various forms of solutions for the biological population model with a novel beta-time derivative operators. This model is very conducive to explain the enlargement of viruses, parasites and diseases. This configuration of the aforesaid classical scheme is scouted for its new solutions especially in soliton shape via two of the well known analytical strategies, namely: the extended Sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (EShGEEM) and the Expa function method. These soliton solutions suggest that these methods have widened the scope for generating solitary waves and other solutions of fractional differential equations. Different types of soliton solutions will be gained such as dark, bright and singular solitons solutions with certain conditions. Furthermore, the obtained results can also be used in describing the biological population model in some better way. The numerical solution for the model is obtained using the finite difference method. The numerical simulations of some selected results are also given through their physical explanations. To the best of our knowledge, No previous literature discussed this model through the application of the EShGEEM and the Expa function method and supported their new obtained results by numerical analysis

Efficient approximate analytical technique to solve nonlinear coupled Jaulent–Miodek system within a time-fractional order

In this article, we considered the nonlinear time-fractional Jaulent–Miodek model (FJMM), which is applied to modeling many applications in basic sciences and engineering, especially physical phenomena such as plasma physics, fluid dynamics, electromagnetic waves in nonlinear media, and many other applications. The Caputo fractional derivative (CFD) was applied to express the fractional operator in the mathematical formalism of the FJMM. We implemented the modified generalized Mittag-Leffler method (MGMLFM) to show the analytical approximate solution of FJMM, which is represented by a set of coupled nonlinear fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) with suitable initial conditions. The suggested method produced convergent series solutions with easily computable components. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the MGMLFM, a comparison was made between the solutions obtained by MGMLFM and the known exact solutions in some tables. Also, the absolute error was compared with the absolute error provided by some of the other famous methods found in the literature. Our findings confirmed that the presented method is easy, simple, reliable, competitive, and did not require complex calculations. Thus, it can be extensively applied to solve more linear and nonlinear FPDEs that have applications in various areas such as mathematics, engineering, and physics

Stratified heat transfer of magneto-tangent hyperbolic bio-nanofluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms: Keller-Box solution technique

The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the heat, mass and microorganism concentration transfer rates in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stratified boundary layer flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a linearly, uniform stretching surface comprising gyrotactic microorganisms as well as nanoparticles. The governing PDEs with relevant end point conditions are molded into a non-dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE) form by means of the similarity transformation. The numerical solution of dimensionless problem is acquired within the frame of robust Keller-Box technique. The velocity, temperature, mass and motile microorganism density are investigated graphically within the context of different significant parameters. Numerical results have been inspected via plots and table (namely as the local Nusselt number, the local wall mass flux and the local microorganisms wall flux). This article proves that the energy, concentration and motile microorganism density reduce with increase in thermal, solutal and motile density stratification parameters. The asserted outcomes are beneficial to enhance the cooling and heating processes, energy generation, thermal machines, solar energy systems, industrial processes etc

Thermal growth in solar water pump using Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid: a solar energy application

Nowadays, with the advantages of nanotechnology and solar radiation, the research of Solar Water Pump (SWP) production has become a trend. In this article, Prandtl-Eyring hybrid nanofluid (P-EHNF) is chosen as a working fluid in the SWP model for the production of SWP in a parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) is investigated for the case of numerous viscous dissipation, heat radiations, heat source, and the entropy generation analysis. By using a well-established numerical scheme the group of equations in terms of energy and momentum have been handled that is called the Keller-box method. The velocity, temperature, and shear stress are briefly explained and displayed in tables and figures. Nusselt number and surface drag coefficient are also being taken into reflection for illustrating the numerical results. The first finding is the improvement in SWP production is generated by amplification in thermal radiation and thermal conductivity variables. A single nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid is very crucial to provide us the efficient heat energy sources. Further, the thermal efficiency of MoS2-Cu/EO than Cu-EO is between 3.3 and 4.4% The second finding is the addition of entropy is due to the increasing level of radiative flow, nanoparticles size, and Prandtl-Eyring variable

Improved electrochemical performance of SiO2-coated Li-rich layered oxides-Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs) such as Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 are suitable cathode materials for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Despite some salient advantages, like low cost, ease of fabrication, high capacity, and higher operating voltage, these materials suffer from low cyclic stability and poor capacity retention. Several different techniques have been proposed to address the limitations associated with LLOs. Herein, we report the surface modification of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 by utilizing cheap and readily available silica (SiO2) to improve its electrochemical performance. Towards this direction, Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 was synthesized utilizing a sol-gel process and coated with SiO2 (SiO2 = 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, and 2.0 wt%) employing dry ball milling technique. XRD, SEM, TEM, elemental mapping and XPS characterization techniques confirm the formation of phase pure materials and presence of SiO2 coating layer on the surface of Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 particles. The electrochemical measurements indicate that the SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 materials show improved electrochemical performance in terms of capacity retention and cyclability when compared to the uncoated material. This improvement in electrochemical performance can be related to the prevention of electrolyte decomposition when in direct contact with the surface of charged Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 cathode material. The SiO2 coating thus prevents the unwanted side reactions between cathode material and the electrolyte. 1.0 wt% SiO2-coated Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2shows the best electrochemical performance in terms of rate capability and capacity retention.This publication was made possible by NPRP Grant # NPRP11S-1225-170128 from Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation). Statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. FE-SEM analysis was accomplished at the Central Laboratory Unit (CLU), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, TEM analysis was conducted at the Core Labs., QEERI, HBKU, Qatar and XPS analysis was accomplished at the Gas Processing Center (GPC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.Scopu

Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of diarrhoea among children younger than 5 years : an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Many countries have shown marked declines in diarrhoea! disease mortality among children younger than 5 years. With this analysis, we provide updated results on diarrhoeal disease mortality among children younger than 5 years from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) and use the study's comparative risk assessment to quantify trends and effects of risk factors, interventions, and broader sociodemographic development on mortality changes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods This analysis for GBD 2017 had three main components. Diarrhoea mortality was modelled using vital registration data, demographic surveillance data, and verbal autopsy data in a predictive, Bayesian, ensemble modelling tool; and the attribution of risk factors and interventions for diarrhoea were modelled in a counterfactual framework that combines modelled population-level prevalence of the exposure to each risk or intervention with the relative risk of diarrhoea given exposure to that factor. We assessed the relative and absolute change in diarrhoea mortality rate between 1990 and 2017, and used the change in risk factor exposure and sociodemographic status to explain differences in the trends of diarrhoea mortality among children younger than 5 years. Findings Diarrhoea was responsible for an estimated 533 768 deaths (95% uncertainty interval 477 162-593 145) among children younger than 5 years globally in 2017, a rate of 78.4 deaths (70.1-87.1) per 100 000 children. The diarrhoea mortality rate ranged between countries by over 685 deaths per 100 000 children. Diarrhoea mortality per 100 000 globally decreased by 69.6% (63.1-74.6) between 1990 and 2017. Among the risk factors considered in this study, those responsible for the largest declines in the diarrhoea mortality rate were reduction in exposure to unsafe sanitation (13.3% decrease, 11.2-15.5), childhood wasting (9.9% decrease, 9.6-10.2), and low use of oral rehydration solution (6.9% decrease, 4-8-8-4). Interpretation Diarrhoea mortality has declined substantially since 1990, although there are variations by country. Improvements in sociodemographic indicators might explain some of these trends, but changes in exposure to risk factors-particularly unsafe sanitation, childhood growth failure, and low use of oral rehydration solution-appear to be related to the relative and absolute rates of decline in diarrhoea mortality. Although the most effective interventions might vary by country or region, identifying and scaling up the interventions aimed at preventing and protecting against diarrhoea that have already reduced diarrhoea mortality could further avert many thousands of deaths due to this illness