Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels

Osmotic processing: effects of osmotic medium composition on the kinetics and texture of apple tissue

The effect of modification of osmotic medium composition with salts on the texture changes and process kinetics was evaluated in the present study. Inner and outer apple cortex parenchyma (Kim var.) was subjected to osmotic processing at 20, 40 and 60°C. The four osmotic media used were of identical osmotic pressure but slightly different compositions. The solution 1, S1, was a 50% w/w sucrose solution. The solution 2, S2, was 49.47% sucrose+0.25% CaCl . The solution 3, S3, was 48.27% sucrose+0.5% CaCl . The solution 4, S4, was 40.52% w/w sucrose+0.50% w/w CaCl +2% w/w NaCl. The solid gain and water loss were influenced by the initial structure (inner-outer cortex). The osmotic processing kinetics of the apple tissue revealed that both the water loss and the solid gain were influenced by the osmotic medium used. At each temperature when the S1 medium is used the uptake of the solids is the highest, and when one of the S2 and S3 is used the solid uptake is the lowest. A possible explanation is that apart from affecting cell vitality the addition of the minerals influences the cell wall permeability. Furthermore it was possible to reduce the tissue softening by the use of any of the S2, S3 and S4 solutions as osmotic medium as long as the process temperature was ambient to moderate. Processing at 60°C caused pronounced tissue softening irrespective of the osmotic medium used for the immersion of the apple tissue