Infrared and raman spectra of metal 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylates: Evidence for very short, strong hydrogen bonds

Salts of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid with copper, aluminum, ammonium, cobalt(II), thallium(I), tin(II), uranyl ion, zinc, manganese, iron(II), nickel, potassium and sodium have been prepared and characterized by their IR spectra. The salts of aluminum, ammonium, thallium(I), tin(II), zinc, iron(II), nickel, potassium and sodium had not been reported before with adequate characterization. Raman spectra of selected compounds also aided structural interpretation. The IR spectra of Na2C10H4O8·2H2O, Fe(C10H5O8)2·12H2O, Zn(C10H5O8)2·12H2O, Ni(C10H5O8)2·12H2O, (NH4)3C10H3O8·H2O and CoC10H4O8·6H2O indicate very short, strong hydrogen bonds in these compounds. The IR and Raman spectra can be used to determine the mode of coordination (if any) of the carboxylate groups of 1,2,4,5- benzenetetracarboxylate to metal ions. © 1988

Characterization of Tris (5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline) Ruthenium(II/III) Polymer Films Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry

Platinum electrodes were chemically modified with tris(5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) via electropolymerization. The characterization of the thin films was accomplished with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). Data indicates a strong correlation between the peak currents from the characterization cyclic voltammograms and the number of cycles of electropoly-merization. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry showed the same trend, and verified that film thickness is strongly dependent on the concentration of the monomer ruthenium solution. Film thickness was determined from the change in ion beam energy as it passed through the film and was calculated to be 1.0 x 1018 atoms/cm2 – 3.4 x 1018 atoms/cm2, depending upon the number of electropolymerization cycles. The electrodes also showed differences in surface roughness, which were dependent on film thickness

The measurement of food safety and security risks associated with micro- and nanoplastic pollution

Abstract: Agricultural systems are increasingly impacted by micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution raising concerns for food safety and security. To understand the scale of the problem and develop mitigation strategies, there is a need to characterise the effects and impacts of MNP. Here, we discuss the main MNP entry pathways into the human food chain and their effects/impact on food and feed sources, identifying major research gaps hindering robust risk assessments of MNP pollution. We identified emerging and current analytical methods to facilitate the closing of those gaps. An interdisciplinary approach combining omics strategies with novel methods for fast and reliable MNP measurement and plastic additive leaching characterisation across multiple dynamic environments can accurately quantify MNP pollution risks. Data of this type is essential to support policy development and legislation to prevent further MNP pollution from causing food safety and security problems worldwide