Empleo y marco autonómico de relaciones laborales

El estudio aborda el análisis del papel de las Comunidades Autónomas en el desarrollo de las relaciones laborales, las políticas de empleo y la inmigración laboral. Se describe la evolución del papel de las Administraciones autonómicas a este respecto y el protagonismo que les otorga en el momento presente las reformas estatutarias de 2006 y 2007. El estudio se centra además en los problemas de coordinación generados por la distribución de competencias normativas y de ejecución y la pluralidad de instituciones de gestión.________________________________The study develops the analysis of the role of the autonomous communities in the field of the labour relations, the employment and the labour immigration. There is described the evolution of the role of the autonomous administration and the protagonism that these administrations acquire in the last reforms of the bylaws of autonomy of the year 2006 and 2007 on the aspects previously mentioned

El tratamiento de la prevención de riesgos laborales en la negociación colectiva

La negociación colectiva de los años 2001 a 2003 ha supuesto un ciertoavance en el papel que los convenios otorgan a la salud laboral y un enriquecimientode los contenidos regulados. Es creciente el número de convenios quededican un capítulo específico a la salud laboral y que asumen una orientaciónpreventiva en materia de riesgos laborales. Hay que insistir en que la negociacióncolectiva debe jugar un papel específico en esta materia, fundamentalmentede concreción, de adaptación y, en su caso, de mejora de la regulación legal.Por otro lado, los convenios deben contribuir a la corrección de los defectosdel actual marco regulador, como el carácter excesivamente abstracto o generalde ciertas previsiones normativas, la falta de adaptación de un marco reguladorque parece pensado para la gran empresa industrial; también puede contribuira neutralizar, o, al menos, a corregir la tendencia a la externalización de servicios de prevención o a la mera documentalización porlas empresas de la prevención de riesgos. Precisamente desde esta perspectiva es desde donde pueden ser objeto de valoración crítica los contenidos de los convenios de los últimos años. En este estudio se trata de contrastar las potencialidades de la negociación de cara a la efectividad en la prevención y a la facilitación de la adaptación a los distintos sectores y empresas con el papel que efectivamente están asumiendo los convenios. Una conclusión se impone al respecto, el enriquecimiento de la negociación, que es indudable, sigue lastrado por la falta de una cierta visión estratégica sobre el papel de la negociación y sobre la función que cada nivel de negociación puede jugar al respecto

Una reflexión del grado de empleabilidad de los egresados universitarios

Si bien uno de los problemas que afectan a todos los grupos de población es el desempleo, el objetivo del presente estudio es el análisis de esta situación entre los recien titulados. Así, tal como indica Corrales, et al (2003) una situación en la que la mayor parte de los jóvenes saliera del sistema educativo y encontrara sin dificultad un empleo sería ciertamente tranquilizadora, tanto para los jóvenes como para la sociedad en su conjunto, sin embargo, la realidad muestra que una parte importante de los jóvenes, tras salir del sistema educativo, se enfrenta a importantes dificultades para encontrar un empleoy, en muchos casos, acaba desempleado o inactivo. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos del analisis de la situación laboral de los egresados de la Universidad de Córdoba de los cursos académicos 2001/02 y 2003/04.______________________________Though one of the problems that affects the whole population is the unemployment, the aim of the present study is the analysis of this situation between newly university graduates. This way, as Corrales, et al (2003) indicates a situation in which most of the young people was going out of the educational system and they was finding without difficulty an employment it would be certainly encouraging, both for the young people and for the whole society, nevertheless, the reality shows that an important part of the young people, after going out of the educational system, face important difficulties to find an employment and, in many cases, the person finishes unemployed or inactively. In this work, we present the results obtained of the analysis of the labour situation of the graduated ones from the University of Córdoba of the academic courses 2001/02 and 2003/04

GEHEP 010 study: Prevalence and distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Spain (2000–2016)

[Objective] To study the prevalence and distribution of HBV genotypes in Spain for the period 2000–2016.[Methods] Retrospective study recruiting 2559 patients from 17 hospitals. Distribution of HBV genotypes, as well as sex, age, geographical origin, mode of transmission, HDV-, HIV- and/or HCV-coinfection, and treatment were recorded.[Results] 1924 chronically HBV native Spanish patients have been recruited. Median age was 54 years (IQR: 41–62), 69.6% male, 6.3% HIV-coinfected, 3.1% were HCV-coinfected, 1.7% HDV-co/superinfected. Genotype distribution was: 55.9% D, 33.5% A, 5.6% F, 0.8% G, and 1.9% other genotypes (E, B, H and C). HBV genotype A was closely associated with male sex, sexual transmission, and HIV-coinfection. In contrast, HBV genotype D was associated with female sex and vertical transmission. Different patterns of genotype distribution and diversity were found between different geographical regions. In addition, HBV epidemiological patterns are evolving in Spain, mainly because of immigration. Finally, similar overall rates of treatment success across all HBV genotypes were found.[Conclusions] We present here the most recent data on molecular epidemiology of HBV in Spain (GEHEP010 Study). This study confirms that the HBV genotype distribution in Spain varies based on age, sex, origin, HIV-coinfection, geographical regions and epidemiological groups.This study has been funded in part by the funds of the research project GEHEP-2018-010, granted by the Hepatitis Group of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (Grupo de Hepatitis de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, GEHEP/SEIMC)

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Complicated intra-abdominal infections in Europe: a comprehensive review of the CIAO study

Peer reviewe

Aprendizajes y prácticas educativas en las actuales condiciones de época: COVID-19

“Esta obra colectiva es el resultado de una convocatoria a docentes, investigadores y profesionales del campo pedagógico a visibilizar procesos investigativos y prácticas educativas situadas en el marco de COVI-19. La misma se inscribe en el trabajo llevado a cabo por el equipo de Investigación responsable del Proyecto “Sentidos y significados acerca de aprender en las actuales condiciones de época: un estudio con docentes y estudiantes de la educación secundarias en la ciudad de Córdoba” de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. El momento excepcional que estamos atravesando, pero que también nos atraviesa, ha modificado la percepción temporal a punto tal que habitamos un tiempo acelerado y angustiante que nos exige la producción de conocimiento provisorio. La presente publicación surge como un espacio para detenernos a documentar lo que nos acontece y, a su vez, como oportunidad para atesorar y resguardar las experiencias educativas que hemos construido, inventado y reinventando en este contexto. En ella encontrarán pluralidad de voces acerca de enseñar y aprender durante la pandemia. Este texto es una pausa para reflexionar sobre el hacer y las prácticas educativas por venir”.Fil: Beltramino, Lucia (comp.). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Escuela de Archivología; Argentina

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3