42 research outputs found
The importance of programmatic health actions in tuberculosis control: experience of a Primary Health Care Service in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Introduction: Tuberculosis deserves special attention from health professionals and society. However, health services are not organized to attend these patients, and the prevalence of the disease remains high in the country. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the role of primary care in improving tuberculosis indicators with structured programmatic actions.Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with tuberculosis linked to the Primary Health Care Service of the Hospital de ClĂnicas de Porto Alegre, attended in the health care services of the city, were analyzed and compared before (2002-2008) and after (2009-2012) the implementation of a Tuberculosis Control Program. The indicators were analyzed based on the goals established by WHO.Results: One hundred and forty patients had tuberculosis between 2002 and 2012, 94 before the implementation of the Program and 46 after. With the Program, the annual number of tracked respiratory symptomatic patients and patients diagnosed with tuberculosis increased. Also, the diagnosis of tuberculosis in primary care services increased from 4.3% (n = 4) to 39.1% (n = 18) (p <0.001); and there was an improvement in cure (78.2% to 85.7%) and therapy dropout (9.3% to 9.1%) rates.Conclusion: Our study showed that, after implementation of the Tuberculosis Control Program in the Primary Health Care Service of the Hospital de ClĂnicas dePorto Alegre, there was improvement in diagnosis of the disease, cure and treatment dropout rates, which have reached the cure rate goal established by the Ministry of Health
The importance of programmatic health actions in tuberculosis control: experience of a Primary Health Care Service in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Introduction: Tuberculosis deserves special attention from health professionals and society. However, health services are not organized to attend these patients, and the prevalence of the disease remains high in the country. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the role of primary care in improving tuberculosis indicators with structured programmatic actions.
Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with tuberculosis linked to the Primary Health Care Service of the Hospital de ClĂnicas de Porto Alegre, attended in the health care services of the city, were analyzed and compared before (2002-2008) and after (2009-2012) the implementation of a Tuberculosis Control Program. The indicators were analyzed based on the goals established by WHO.
Results: One hundred and forty patients had tuberculosis between 2002 and 2012, 94 before the implementation of the Program and 46 after. With the Program, the annual number of tracked respiratory symptomatic patients and patients diagnosed with tuberculosis increased. Also, the diagnosis of tuberculosis in primary care services increased from 4.3% (n = 4) to 39.1% (n = 18) (p <0.001); and there was an improvement in cure (78.2% to 85.7%) and therapy dropout (9.3% to 9.1%) rates.
Conclusion: Our study showed that, after implementation of the Tuberculosis Control Program in the Primary Health Care Service of the Hospital de ClĂnicas dePorto Alegre, there was improvement in diagnosis of the disease, cure and treatment dropout rates, which have reached the cure rate goal established by the Ministry of Health
Infarto agudo do miocárdio: perfil clĂnico e fatores associados ao Ăłbito em pacientes atendidos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento / Myocardial infarction: clinical profile and factors associated with death in patients seen at an emergency care unit
Objetivo: analisar o perfil clĂnico e os fatores associados ao Ăłbito, em vĂtimas de Infarto agudo do Miocárdio em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Metodologia: estudo documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em JoĂŁo Pessoa, ParaĂba, apĂłs aprovação em ComitĂŞ de Ética e Pesquisa. A amostra totalizou 150 pacientes, atendidos em 2015 e 2016. Os dados foram obtidos nos prontuários, em janeiro e fevereiro de 2017, registrados em formulário, com variáveis sociodemográficas e clĂnicas. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) versĂŁo 20.0. Resultados: Evidenciaram maior prevalĂŞncia de infarto entre as mulheres (51,3%), maior acometimento na faixa etária com 70 anos ou mais (42,7%); a HipertensĂŁo Arterial SistĂŞmica (p=0,002), o tabagismo (p=0,000) e o etilismo (p=0,000) apresentaram-se como fatores de risco estatisticamente significantes. Houve maior prevalĂŞncia de infarto com ST (51,3%), dor precordial tĂpica 93 (62%), troponina reagente (98%). O IAM com supra ST (p=0,002) e a gravidade do paciente na admissĂŁo (p=0,002) foram estatisticamente associados ao Ăłbito. ConclusĂŁo: O estudo corroborou a literatura atual no tocante a prevalĂŞncia de infarto no sexo feminino e a HipertensĂŁo Arterial SistĂŞmica como principal comorbidade nesta clientela. Denota a necessidade de reflexĂŁo sobre as estratĂ©gias de orientação a população no controle de fatores associados ao agravo, como o etilismo e o tabagismo. Os fatores que obtiveram maior relação com o Ăłbito (IAMCST e gravidade na admissĂŁo) remetem a reflexões sobre condições para implementação de terapĂŞuticas no serviço pĂşblico
Uma revisĂŁo da Covid longa: sintomas
CoronavĂrus (CoVs) estĂŁo envolvidos em grandes surtos mundiais. Quando há instalação de COVID-19, os indivĂduos estĂŁo suscetĂveis a vários graus de gravidade. ApĂłs a resolução da doença, pacientes passaram a relatar a persistĂŞncia de sintomas, “COVID-19 longo” foi designado Ă situação, que descreve sinais e sintomas que continuam ou desenvolvem apĂłs a COVID-19 aguda. O objetivo desta revisĂŁo foi realizar uma pesquisa sistemática sobre os sintomas mais associados ao COVID-longo. A busca de artigos foi feita via PubMed/MEDLINE, Lilacs e SciELO, sendo selecionados independentemente por dois revisores na plataforma Rayyan. A qualidade metodolĂłgica e o risco de viĂ©s foram avaliados com a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Diante dos critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo e exclusĂŁo, 63 artigos foram para a análise qualitativa, sendo que 28 desses artigos foram utilizados para a construção do estudo. Os sintomas analisados foram: dispneia, disfunção olfatĂłria, fadiga, tosse, mialgia, disfunção gustativa, cefaleia, dor no peito e diarreia. Dispneia foi relatada em 22 artigos, disfunção olfatĂłria foi abordada em 19 estudos, fadiga Ă© citada em 18 artigos, tosse Ă© abordada em 18 estudos, mialgia foi descrita em 17 artigos, disfunção gustativa esteve presente em 15 artigos, cefaleia em 13 análises, dor no peito em 11, e diarreia esteve em 10 dos estudos. A inflamação persistente foi o mecanismo patolĂłgico associado Ă s sequelas, visto que existem anormalidades imunolĂłgicas, presentes em atĂ© 8 meses apĂłs a infecção, que se relacionam com o desenvolvimento dos sintomas do COVID-19 longo. Com essa análise, o reconhecimento e a abordagem desses sintomas tornam-se necessárias para o cuidado com o paciente
Correlação fisiopatológica de infartos agudos do miocárdio em idosos pela COVID-19
RESUMOA Covid-19 Ă© uma infecção respiratĂłria aguda, ocasionada pelo novo coronavĂrus SARS-CoV-2, que possui alta transmissibilidade, com maior probabilidade de desenvolver complicações em pacientes com fatores de risco. As manifestações clĂnicas do vĂrus assemelham-se com a gripe, mas podem causar consequĂŞncias a longo prazo, como o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), principalmente no pĂşblico idoso, que Ă© uma população de alto risco. Recentemente, o alto nĂşmero de estudos sobre a doença e seus obstáculos, tem permitido o diagnĂłstico precoce, rápido e preciso, facilitando o tratamento e evitando danos futuros. A presente pesquisa trata-se de uma revisĂŁo de literatura integrativa, quantitativa, em que houve a busca bibliográfica em: publicações cientĂficas em revistas de alto fator de impacto, usando bancos de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Cochrane Library no perĂodo de 2020 a 2023. Foi analisado que pacientes que adquirem o vĂrus da Covid-19, possuem maior predisposição de desenvolver infarto agudo do miocárdio e esse risco Ă© aumentado em pacientes idosos,sendo que essa relação tem caracterĂstica fisiopatolĂłgica. Portanto, constata-se que há maior incidĂŞncia de IAM em pacientes idosos apĂłs a contaminação do vĂrus da Covid-19.  
Consenso brasileiro para o tratamento da esclerose mĂşltipla : Academia Brasileira de Neurologia e ComitĂŞ Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose MĂşltipla
O crescent arsenal terapĂŞutico na esclerose mĂşltipla (EM) tem permitido tratamentos mais efetivos e personalizados, mas a escolha e o manejo das terapias modificadoras da doença (TMDs) tem se tornado cada vez mais complexos. Neste contexto, especialistas do ComitĂŞ Brasileiro de Tratamento e Pesquisa em Esclerose MĂşltipla e do Departamento CientĂfico de Neuroimunologia da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia reuniram-se para estabelecer este Consenso Brasileiro para o Tratamento da EM, baseados no entendimento de que neurologistas devem ter a possibilidade de prescrever TMDs para EM de acordo com o que Ă© melhor para cada paciente, com base em evidĂŞncias e práticas atualizadas. Por meio deste documento, propomos recomendações práticas para o tratamento da EM, com foco principal na escolha e no manejo das TMDs, e revisamos os argumentos que embasam as estratĂ©gias de tratamento na EM.The expanding therapeutic arsenal in multiple sclerosis (MS) has allowed for more effective and personalized treatment, but the choice and management of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is becoming increasingly complex. In this context, experts from the Brazilian Committee on Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the Neuroimmunology Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology have convened to establish this Brazilian Consensus for the Treatment of MS, based on their understanding that neurologists should be able to prescribe MS DMTs according to what is better for each patient, based on up-to-date evidence and practice. We herein propose practical recommendations for the treatment of MS, with the main focus on the choice and management of DMTs, as well as present a review of the scientific rationale supporting therapeutic strategies in MS
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost