7 research outputs found
Social networks, language learning and language school student sojourners: a qualitative study
This thesis investigates individual language school student sojournersâ learning experiences in the UK. It takes into account the importance of learners learning through interaction with others in the target language community and recognises how learnersâ social networks affect their language learning and use.
There are many studies about students who study abroad for academic purposes and immigrant learners, but not many relating to individual language learners in private language schools. In order to fill this gap, this study focused on individual language school learners. With the intention of understanding how the social networks and language learning interact over time as part of their sojourner experience, I utilised different theoretical frameworks that have been applied to other groups of language learners and concluded that these frameworks are also applicable to private language school students.
I recognised that in order to understand my participantsâ learning experiences I needed to interact with them and also observe how they interacted with their social world. Therefore, formal interviews (semi-structured) and informal interviews (informal group meeting or chat) were the main methods for my study together with observation of interaction in various situations.
This study identified the expectations that learners had with regard to the target language community, host families and native speakersâ attitudes towards foreign students, and the realisation that these expectations were higher than what was actually encountered. It also identified the steps the individual language learners took to overcome these disappointments and how they reconstructed their relationships with the target language and community respectively.
In contrast with many previous studies which only focused on learning from native speakers, my study recognised that learners sometimes can have more interpersonal contact with their fellow students than native speakers. And consequently they benefit more from these contacts, in terms of language learning, than from native speakers. This thesis also helps language learners and language educators recognise basic theoretical frameworks which could help them evaluate the benefits and problems related to learning through interpersonal contact. And with this understanding learners will be able to facilitate their autonomous learning in the target language community
ProtozoĂĄrios ciliados ( Protista, Ciliophora ) no conteĂșdo do rĂșmen e do retĂculo de bovinos
Foram registrados os protozoĂĄrios ciliados do rĂșmen ocorrentes em bovinos e verificado o comportamento de escape do rĂșmen ao retĂculo por ciliados isotriquĂdeos. Foram analisadas amostras do conteĂșdo ruminal e do conteĂșdo do retĂculo de 20 bovinos submetidos a jejum de no mĂnimo 12 horas, totalizando 40 amostras. Estas foram fixadas em formalina 18,5% (v/v). Avaliaram-se quantitativamente os seguintes gĂȘneros de ciliados: Charonina Strand, 1928; Isotricha Stein, 1859, Dasytricha Schuberg, 1888, Entodinium Stein, 1859, Eodinium Kofoid & MacLennan 1932, Metadinium Awerinzew & Mutafowa, 1914, Ostracodinium Dogiel, 1927 e Epidinium Crawley, 1923. Houve predominĂąncia de organismos do gĂȘnero Entodinium que representaram, respectivamente, 43,9% no rĂșmen e 34,8% no retĂculo. O maior nĂșmero dfe ciliados dos gĂȘneros Isotricha e Dasytricha no retĂculo em relação ao rĂșmen confirmaram o comportamento de escape ao retĂculo dos ciliados isotriquĂdeos em bovinos submetidos ao jejum
AnĂĄlise de proteĂnas e da atividade fosfohidrolĂtica em galha entomĂłgena de uma espĂ©cie de leguminosae
Uma galha caulinar tĂpica de Calliandra brevipes Ă© caracterizada por uma estrutura globosa de aproximadamente 15 mm que se desenvolve em resposta a infestação por pequenas vespas, representando uma interação planta-inseto. A galha totalmente formada contĂ©m vĂĄrios tipos de tecidos que sĂŁo organizados em camadas. Uma camada de cĂ©lulas nutritivas delineia a cĂąmara central provendo uma rica origem de metabĂłlitos essenciais ao desenvolvimento dos insetos. A quantidade de proteĂnas foi quantificada em preparaçÔes de tecidos de caule normal e galhado de C. brevipes. A quantidade de proteĂnas no tecido galhado foi aproximadamente 4 vezes maior do que aquela encontrada em caule normal. As atividades fosfohidrolĂticas foram tambĂ©m analisadas e comparadas. As duas preparaçÔes degradaram diferentes substratos, mas comparadas Ă quelas observadas em caule normal. Atividade ATPĂĄsica da preparação de galha foi aproximadamente 25% inibida pela adição de ortovanadato de sĂłdio, sugerindo o envolvimento de ATPases do tipo P. Adicionalmente, a atividade ATPĂĄsica de tecido galhado foi 31% e 75% inibida por EDTA e EGTA, respectivamente, revelando que esta atividade hidrolĂtica foi dependente de cĂĄlcio. NĂłs hipotetizamos que a exacerbação da quantidade de proteĂnas em tecido galhado de C. brevipes, e particularmente a elevação de atividades fosfohidrolĂticas, aumentam os mecanismos de proteção e participam em processos metabĂłlicos que permitem a sobrevivĂȘncia do inseto
Bradykinin enhances Sindbis virus infection in human brain microvascular endothelial cells
Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-12-04T15:11:49Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Bradykinin enhances Sindbis virus infection in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.pdf: 1158448 bytes, checksum: 5c208b59273623f263acf5a38adfebf2 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-12-04T15:16:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
Bradykinin enhances Sindbis virus infection in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.pdf: 1158448 bytes, checksum: 5c208b59273623f263acf5a38adfebf2 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T15:16:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Bradykinin enhances Sindbis virus infection in human brain microvascular endothelial cells.pdf: 1158448 bytes, checksum: 5c208b59273623f263acf5a38adfebf2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de GĂłes. Departamento de Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de GĂłes. Departamento de Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de BiofĂsica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu MagalhĂŁes. LaboratĂłrio de Virologia e Terapia Experimental. Recife, PE, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas RenĂ© Rachou. LaboratĂłrio de Imunologia Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu MagalhĂŁes. LaboratĂłrio de Virologia e Terapia Experimental. Recife, PE, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de GĂłes. Departamento de Imunologia Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de BiofĂsica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de GĂłes. Departamento de Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. BrasilSindbis virus (SINV) induces inflammatory and vasoactive responses that are associated with rash and arthritis in human infections. The mechanisms underlying infection-associated microvasculopathy are still unknown. We investigated whether endothelial cells infected by SINV are differentially responsive to bradykinin (BK), a potent inducer of inflammatory edema in a broad range of infectious diseases. Human endothelial cells (HBMECs) infected with SINV presented an upregulation of bradykinin B2 receptors (BK2R) expression. Also, BK reduced SINV-induced apoptosis and enhanced virus replication in HBMECs in a way dependent on BK2R, PI3 kinase and ERK signaling. Strikingly, intracerebral infection of mice in the presence of a BK2R antagonist reduced the local viral load. Our data suggest that SINV infection renders human endothelial cells hypersensitive to BK, which increases host cell survival and viral replication. Ongoing studies may clarify if the deregulation of the kinin pathway contributes to infection-associated vasculopathies in life-threatening arbovirus infection