25 research outputs found
The interaction of bacterial pathogens with platelets.
In recent years, the frequency of serious cardiovascular infections such as endocarditis has increased, particularly in association with nosocomially acquired antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Growing evidence suggests a crucial role for the interaction of bacteria with human platelets in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular infections. Here, we review the nature of the interactions between platelets and bacteria, and the role of these interactions in the pathogenesis of endocarditis and other cardiovascular diseases
The effects of periodontal therapy on vascular endothelial function: A pilot trial
Background Chronic periodontal infection is associated with an increased
risk of coronary heart disease. Although the mechanism responsible for
the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular events
is not fully understood, it is hypothesized that the chronic
inflammatory burden of periodontal disease may lead to impaired
functioning of the vascular endothelium.
Methods Twenty-two otherwise healthy adults with moderate to severe
periodontitis who underwent complete mouth disinfection were evaluated
to determine if periodontal therapy would result in improved endothelial
function and a decrease in serum inflammatory markers. Subjects had
measurements of periodontal disease severity, flow-mediated
(endothelium-dependent), and nitroglycerin-mediated
(endothelium-independent) dilation of the brachial artery, serum
C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and serum total and
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels on 2 baseline visits
separated by 1 month and, again, 1 month after treatment.
Results There were no significant changes in clinical periodontal
measures, flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, CRP,
IL-6, total cholesterol, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between
the repeated baseline measurements. Periodontal treatment, however,
resulted in significant improvements in periodontal pocketing,
flow-mediated dilation, and serum IL-6, as well as a trend toward
reduction in serum CRP; there were no significant changes in
nitroglycerin-mediated dilation or in cholesterol levels.
Conclusions These results represent proof of concept that improvement in
endothelial function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation of the
brachial artery, may be possible through near-elimination of chronic
oral infection and suggest that the conduct of a larger controlled trial
is justified
The accuracy of computer‐guided implant surgery with tooth‐supported, digitally designed drill guides based on CBCT and intraoral scanning. A prospective cohort study
Objectives: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate computer-guided implant surgery with tooth-supported drill guides based on CBCT scans and intraoral scanning. Materials and methods: For partially edentulous patients, a prosthetic and surgical planning was completed in the guided surgery software (coDiagnostiX) and drill guides were 3D-printed accordingly. Three months after implant placement, an intraoral scan of the implant's position was used to evaluate the accuracy of placement using the coDiagnostiX treatment evaluation tool. Deviations were reported in degrees and in distance at implant's entry point and apex. Several risk factors, which might influence the accuracy, were evaluated separately: treated jaw, flap design, prior augmentations, amount of unrestored teeth, crowding, location of implants, cortical interference, and implant's length and diameter. Results: A total of 66 patients received 145 Straumann tissue level implants that were eligible for accuracy analysis. The mean angular deviation was 2.72° ± 1.42. The mean three-dimensional deviation at the implant's entry point was 0.75 mm ± 0.34. At implant's apex, the mean was 1.06 mm ± 0.44. The amount of unrestored teeth (p =.002 & p =.003), the implant's location (p <.001), the implant's length (p =.004), and cortical interference (p =.033) had a significant influence on the accuracy of placement. Implant survival was 99.3% (n = 1 failed implant) at 12 and 24 months. Conclusions: Guided surgery with tooth-supported drill guides made in a digital workflow is a feasible treatment option. However, deviations do occur and the implant's length, location, cortical interference and the amount of unrestored teeth have a significant influence on the accuracy
Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts mediates pro-atherogenic responses to periodontal infection in vascular endothelial cells
OBJECTIVE: A link between periodontal infections and an increased risk for vascular disease has been demonstrated. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, localizes in human atherosclerotic plaques, accelerates atherosclerosis in animal models and modulates vascular cell function. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) regulates vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. We hypothesized that RAGE is involved in P. gingivalis’s contribution to proatherogenic responses in vascular endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Murine aortic endothelial cells (MAEC) were isolated from wild type C57BL/6 or RAGE−/− mice and were infected with P. gingivalis strain 381. P. gingivalis 381 infection significantly enhanced expression of RAGE in wild-type MAEC. Levels of proatherogenic advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were significantly increased in wild-type MAEC following P. gingivalis 381 infection, but were unaffected in MAEC from RAGE−/− mice or in MAEC infected with DPG3, a fimbriae-deficient mutant of P. gingivalis 381. Consistent with a role for oxidative stress and an AGE-dependent activation of RAGE in this setting, both antioxidant treatment and AGE blockade significantly suppressed RAGE gene expression and RAGE and MCP-1 protein levels in P. gingivalis 381 infected human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). CONCLUSION: The present findings implicate for the first time the AGE-RAGE axis in the amplification of proatherogenic responses triggered by P. gingivalis in vascular endothelial cells
Group 1 ITI Consensus Report: The influence of implant length and design and medications on clinical and patient-reported outcomes
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Jung, R. E., et al. (2018). "Group 1 ITI Consensus Report: The influence of implant length and design and medications on clinical and patient-reported outcomes." Clinical Oral Implants Research 29(S16): 69-77., which has been published in final form at. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.13342 This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions
Doxycycline inhibits TREM-1 induction by Porphyromonas gingivalis
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, with the capacity to amplify pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic species highly implicated in inflammatory periodontal disease, with potential involvement in systemic inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis positively regulates TREM-1 expression and production in monocytic cells. Subantimicrobial doses of doxycycline (SDD) are used as an adjunct treatment in periodontal therapy, because of their anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SDD on P. gingivalis-induced TREM-1 expression and secretion by the myelomonocytic cell line MonoMac-6. After 24 h of challenge, P. gingivalis enhanced TREM-1 gene expression by the cells, with a concomitant increase in soluble TREM-1 release. Nevertheless, SDD concentrations between 2 and 10 μg mL(-1) abolished TREM-1 expression and release, already after 4 h of administration. Moreover, SDD reduced P. gingivalis-induced interleukin-8 secretion, confirming its anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, SDD inhibits bacterially induced TREM-1, and this effect may partly account for its generalized anti-inflammatory properties. This could partly explain the clinical efficacy of SDD as an adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease, but may also indicate that SDD could serve as a suitable modulator of systemic inflammatory responses