Machine Learning-Based Algorithms for the Detection of Leaf Disease in Agriculture Crops

Identifying plant leaves early on is key to preventing catastrophic outbreaks. An important studyarea is automatic disease detection in plants. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses are the main culprits in most plantillnesses. The process of choosing a classification method is always challenging because the quality of the results can differ depending on the input data. K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier (KNN), Probabilistic NeuralNetwork (PNN), Genetic Algorithm, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Principal Component Analysis,Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Fuzzy Logic are a few examples of diverse classification algorithms.Classifications of plant leaf diseases have many uses in a variety of industries, including agriculture andbiological research. Presymptomatic diagnosis and crop health information can aid in the ability to managepathogens through proper management approaches. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the mostwidely used DL models for computer vision issues since they have proven to be very effective in tasks likepicture categorization, object detection, image segmentation, etc. The experimental findings demonstrate theproposed model's superior performance to pre-trained models such as VGG16 and InceptionV3. The range ofcategorization accuracy is 76% to 100%, based on

Mind Control Robotic Arm: Augmentative and Alternative Communication in the Classroom Environment

In recent years, technological advancements have greatly benefited the field of prosthetics. A large number of disabled people depend on prosthetics because they are an important technology. In order to provide augmentative and alternative methods of communication to these disabled people with various neuromuscular disorders, we must make sure they are provided with appropriate equipment to express themselves. Different types of arms are evaluated under robotic technology in terms of resistance, usability, flexibility, cost, and potential (such as robotic, surgical, bionic, prosthetic, and static arms). The main problems with these techniques are their high cost, the difficulty of installing and maintaining them, and the possibility of requiring surgery may arise. As a result, this paper is going to provide a description of the idea for combining an EEG controlled smart prosthetic arm with a smart robotic hand. An electrode headset is used to capture the signals from the robotic hand in order to control the device. Creating a robot arm that can help disabled people lead a more independent life is the main objective of this paper

EFFECT OF WASTE WATER ON CONCRETE AND STEEL

In an age of increasing human population and dwindling resources, coupled with the need to curb expenditure in various sectors of the government budget, attention has been brought to the re-use of resources wherever possible. Perhaps, one of the most valuable resources in India is water. Therefore, effort towards waste water re-use has lately gained worldwide consideration and attention.This paper presents the mechanical properties of concrete mixed using industrial waste waterand also explains how treated waste water can be used in construction industry and reduces the load on nature. The impurities present in water can affect the properties of concrete and steel when used for mixing in concrete. Also the impurities may not affect all properties of concrete and steel but some

Effect of Waste Water on Concrete and Steel

In an age of increasing human population and dwindling resources, coupled with the need to curb expenditure in various sectors of the government budget, attention has been brought to the re-use of resources wherever possible. Perhaps, one of the most valuable resources in India is water. Therefore, effort towards waste water re-use has lately gained worldwide consideration and attention.This paper presents the mechanical properties of concrete mixed using industrial waste waterand also explains how treated waste water can be used in construction industry and reduces the load on nature. The impurities present in water can affect the properties of concrete and steel when used for mixing in concrete. Also the impurities may not affect all properties of concrete and steel but some

Survey on Various Cryptography Methods

Abstract: To make secure data transmission over networks cryptography is used. The algorithm selected for cryptography should fulfil the conditions of integrity protection, conventional message authentication and digital signatures. Key exchange algorithms, hash functions, PN numbers are used for encryption and decryption of data. This encryption can be applied on data in stream format or in blocks. Moreover the length of key is the biggest constraint in encryption. Here in our paper we have studied present algorithms currently used for encryption

Effect of Heat Treatment on Tribological Properties of Ni-B Coatings on Low Carbon Steel: Wear Maps and Wear Mechanisms

Among the alternatives for using low-carbon steel in parts with heavy wear, as gears and bearing surfaces, Ni-B electroless coatings deposited on these steels are considered due to their wear resistance. Wear maps, elaborated from friction or wear results found for different evaluated conditions, are a very useful tool for the selection of materials based on tribological properties. However, wear maps for electroless Ni-B coatings are very scarce. In this work, dry sliding wear tests with different loads and sliding velocities were performed on Ni-B electroless coatings applied on AISI/SAE 1018 steel, with and without heat treatment at 450 °C for 1 h, with the aim of determining the effect of the heat treatment on the friction coefficients and wear rates. Contour and profile maps, and finally friction and wear maps, were constructed for each of the coatings evaluated. The coating properties before and after the heat treatment were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scratch tests, nanoindentation, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Sliding wear tracks were studied using SEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Good agreement between experimental and predicted values was found in friction and wear maps. Wear mechanisms change from flattening in less severe conditions to abrasion in more severe conditions, besides spalling and adhesive wear in untreated coatings. Moreover, abrasive wear is lower in heat-treated coating than in untreated coating. © 2019 by ASME