The Humidity of the Volcanic Soils and Their Impact on the Processes of Mass Removal in Colombia

This chapter describes some aspects of the formation of soils derived from volcanic ash, especially soils classified according to the soil taxonomy as Andisols of the mountains of the central mountain range in Colombia, cultivated with pastures for the production of milk, meat, and potatoes. General erosion, caving, mudslides, and landslides reach and cover large urban and rural territories characterized by a high rainfall regime with decadal records of 227 days of rain per year and with total loss of arable, agricultural, and productive layers. This chapter summarizes aspects of the research carried out by the author in these soils, through the description of profiles on 52 pits, field and laboratory analysis of their physical and some chemical properties for the understanding of the moisture storage capacity, and explains the mechanisms that govern their physical properties, composition, and interaction between particles and fluids and, consequently, their intense erodability and high moisture-retention capacity as a detonating mechanism of the processes of erosion and mass removal of secular occurrence in the soils of the region with high population densities causing hundreds of deaths and incalculable economic losses

Revoluciones científicas y escepticismo

The skepticism is a philosophical attitude that doubts the existence of all eternal and immutable epistemology truth; this skeptical attitude is necessary to go in the search of new scientific paradigms, and new forms to include/understand the physical and social reality, physical reality.El escepticismo es una actitud filosófica que duda de la existencia de toda verdad epistemológica eterna e inmutable; esta actitud escéptica es necesaria para ir en la búsqueda de nuevos paradigmas científicos, y nuevas formas de comprender la realidad física y social

Prototipo para accesar a una historia clínica electrónica desde un dispositivo móvil

El trabajo recoge la investigación y elaboración del prototipo de una aplicación para dispositivos móviles basados en el sistema operativo Android, con la finalidad de dar facilidad de acceso a historias clínicas electrónicas a la comunidad médica

Complete corporeal preservation clitoroplasty: new insights into feminizing genitoplasty

Q2Q2Pacientes sometidos a Genitoplastia feminizanteIntroduction: 46,XX Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remains the first cause of genital virilization and current surgical techniques aim to restore female aspect of genitalia while preserving dorsal neurovascular bundle but not at the expense of not preserving erectile tissue. We aim to report our experience with a new surgical technique for clitoroplasty, completely preserving corporeal bodies, neurovascular bundles without dismembering the clitoris, in four patients with over a year follow up. Materials and Methods: After IRB approval four patients with 46,XX CAH and Prader 5 and 3 external genitalia, underwent feminizing genitoplasty. Complete preservation of erectile tissue was accomplished without a need to dissect dorsal neurovascular bundle. Glans size allowed no need for glanular reduction and there was no need to dismember the corporeal bodies. Results: Four patients 12 to 24-months-old underwent complete corporeal preservation clitoroplasty (CCPC), mean age was 18.5 months, mean follow up was 10.25 months. Vaginoplasty was performed in all patients with partial urogenital mobilization (PUM) and Urogenital Sinus flap (UF), only one severely virilized patient required a parasagittal pre-rectal approach to mobilize the vagina. We had no complications until last follow up. Conclusion: To our knowledge, we are introducing the concept of CCPC without the need of disassembling the corporeal bodies, neurovascular bundle and glans. It stands as a new alternative for feminizing genitoplasty with complete preservation of erectile tissue and no dissection of neurovascular bundle. Although there is still lacking long-term follow-up, it represents a new step in conservative reconfiguration of the external virilized female genitalia.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9675-5963https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5485https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2231-4321Revista Internacional - IndexadaBS

Unsupervised adaptation for acceleration-based activity recognition: robustness to sensor displacement and rotation

A common assumption in activity recognition is that the system remains unchanged between its design and its posterior operation. However, many factors affect the data distribution between two different experimental sessions. One of these factors is the potential change in the sensor location (e.g. due to replacement or slippage) affecting the classification performance. Assuming that changes in the sensor placement mainly result in shifts in the feature distributions, we propose an unsupervised adaptive classifier that calibrates itself using an online version of expectation-maximisation. Tests using three activity recognition scenarios show that the proposed adaptive algorithm is robust against shift in the feature space due to sensor displacement and rotation. Moreover, since the method estimates the change in the feature distribution, it can also be used to roughly evaluate the reliability of the system during online operatio

A computational model of parallel navigation systems in rodents

Several studies in rats support the idea of multiple neural systems competing to select the best action for reaching a goal or food location. Locale navigation strategies, necessary for reaching invisible goals, seem to be mediated by the hippocampus and the ventral and dorsomedial striatum whereas taxon strategies, applied for approaching goals in the visual field, are believed to involve the dorsolateral striatum. A computational model of action selection is presented, in which different experts, implementing locale and taxon strategies, compete in order to select the appropriate behavior for the current task. The model was tested in a simulated robot using an experimental paradigm that dissociates the use of cue and spatial informatio

Laser lithotripsy fundamentals: from the physics to optimal fragmentation

Purpose: Laser Lithotripsy has remained the cornerstone for the management of urolithiasis for more than thirty years. Miniaturization of endoscopic equipment, digital vision, improvement of laser lithotripters, laser fibers has made endourology a field of growing interest, immersed in a technologic revolution. The aim of this article is to do an extense review on laser lithotripsy starting from the physics of the lasers, to translational science apply to lithotripsy fundamentals in order to make lithotripsy safer and more efficient. Methods: We performed a review of the literature in four different databases (PubMed, Embase, Ovid® , and Scopus® ) on any information concerning laser lithotripsy in February 2020 independently by three authors, a total of 186 articles were reviewed and 38 of the most influential articles were selected and a detailed reviewed on this topic is presented. Results: We aim to make a reference paper for all urologists and health personal involved in laser lithotripsy, starting from the physics to answer practical questions as how to set the parameters in my laser system, how to improve lithotripsy efficiency, should we dust or bust? and finally discussing new technologies such as the Holmium: YtriumAluminium-Garnet (Ho:YAG) Moses technology, the revolutionary Thulium Laser Fiber (TLF) and discussing the future of laser lithotripsy. Conclusions: Laser lithotripsy must offer. Higher ablative efficiency, wider range of laser parameters and comprehensive combinations, reduce retropulsion and fiber burnback, scope miniaturization capabilities, smaller fiber sizes, increased safety, lower environmental impact, reduced maintenance costs Ho:YAG has remained the unquestioned gold standard for laser lithotripsy, but the recently launched Thulium fiber laser has all the above mentioned features and outruns without no doubt the current gold standard and is set to gradually replace it.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5895-3029https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5485Revista Internacional - No indexadaN

An approach to build JSON-based Domain Specific Languages solutions for web applications

Because of their level of abstraction, Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) enable building applications that ease software implementation. In the context of web applications, we can find a lot of technologies and programming languages for server-side applications that provide fast, robust, and flexible solutions, whereas those for client-side applications are limited, and mostly restricted to directly use JavaScript, HTML5, CSS3, JSON and XML. This article presents a novel approach to creating DSL-based web applications using JSON grammar (JSON-DSL) for both, the server and client side. The approach includes an evaluation engine, a programming model and an integrated web development environment that support it. The evaluation engine allows the execution of the elements created with the programming model. For its part, the programming model allows the definition and specification of JSON-DSLs, the implementation of JavaScript components, the use of JavaScript templates provided by the engine, the use of link connectors to heterogeneous information sources, and the integration with other widgets, web components and JavaScript frameworks. To validate the strength and capacity of our approach, we have developed four case studies that use the integrated web development environment to apply the programming model and check the results within the evaluation engin

Segmental testicular infarction mimicking testicular seminoma

Segmental testicular infarction could present as a hypoechoic well-rounded mass, with or without vascular flow and negative tumor markers mimicking testicular seminoma. We aim to present a case of segmental testicular infarction of the upper pole of the testis, the microscopic pathological assessment and a state of the art of the current management and diagnosis of this rare entity.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5485N/

Maíz peto, una variedad producida en Colombia.

En 1945, la sección de Genética de la Estación Agropecuaria Tulio Ospina, incluyó dentro de sus programas la producción de una variedad sintética de maíz, denominada inicialmente variedad mazorca baja y por último variedad ETO, sigla de la Estación Experimental Tulio Ospina. El objetivo principal era agrupar en una variedad un germoplasma variado que hiciera de ella un tipo de maíz propio para las condiciones tropicales y sirviera como material básico en el programa de mejoramiento, para conseguir líneas autofecundadas de alta capacidad combinatoria y producir híbridos de maíz de buen rendimiento. Se utilizó material criollo y extranjero y se efectuaron combinaciones y recombinaciones, después se realizaron trabajos de cruzamiento y selección y se efectuaron siembras para mezclar y recombinar gaméticamente las mazorcas elegidas, se obtuvo la primera cantidad de semilla de la nueva variedad ETO, que demostró ser de buen rendimiento y buena capacidad combinatoria específica y general. Además ha mostrado una adaptación muy amplia no sólo en Colombia, sino en Centroamérica y otros países tropicales, se ha llevado a países distantes como la India, en donde ha sido de utilidad.Maíz-Zea may