The New Social Projection Paradigm

The paper was submitted on the VII Central American University Congress that was hold on the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Le�n as a greetings toward the Unan Le�n Bicentenary 1812-2012.Citizen Power Model, University-Society-State, Social Projection Social, Malmquist Index, Productivity Analysis, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, A: 13, I: 23, I: 38, P: 52.,

Conceptual design and development of a progressive cavity pump for extrusion-based additive manufacturing applications

The present study aimed to develop a low-cost, scalable, easy-to-clean extrusion system based on the progressive cavity pump (PCP) principle for extrusion-based additive manufacturing, with a specific focus on bioprinting. Therefore, the study proposes a spiral development model to achieve a novel PCP with the help of additive manufacturing (AM). An application programming interface was developed to enable quick design iterations. User requirements were determined through literature research, a user questionnaire and interviews. Consequently, three novel PCP concepts were designed and developed using the developed model, and the proof of concept for the selected PCP design was presented

Adicción al ejercicio en ciclistas

A pesar de que existe múltiple evidencia científica acerca de los beneficios del ejercicio físico sobre la salud física y mental, se ha sugerido que puede existir un límite en el volumen de ejercicio que puede ser perjudicial para la salud y crear un riesgo de adicción al ejercicio (RAE). La adicción al ejercicio (AE) ha sido descrita como un patrón mórbido de comportamiento en el que el individuo que se ejercita pierde el control sobre sus hábitos de ejercicio, exhibe dependencia y experimenta consecuencias negativas para la salud, así como en su vida social y profesional. El campo de la AE es relativamente nuevo y los resultados y conclusiones no estan claros. Una limitación significativa es el uso de múltiples terminologías para describir el mismo fenómeno (dependencia al ejercicio, ejercicio compulsivo, etc.). La investigación se basa principalmente en autoinformes obtenidos a partir de cuestionarios, como el Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), el cual evalúa el RAE, ya que este término incluye tanto la dependencia como la compulsión. La AE se sitúa dentro del campo de las adicciones conductuales, pero debido a la falta de evidencia sólida y metodológicamente rigurosa sobre la AE como una morbilidad, el trastorno no aparece como una disfunción mental en la última (quinta) edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5). Existe una gran variabilidad entre estudios sobre la prevalencia de RAE. Aunque la prevalencia de REA establecida por el EAI obtenida en un estudio en población deportista general fue 3.2%, otros estudios muestran valores mucho más altos en atletas de resistencia (triatletas, corredores, etc.). El volumen excesivo de entrenamiento ha sido destacado como uno de los factores que podrían explicar esta variabilidad. A pesar de que el ciclismo es uno de los deportes de resistencia más comunes y practicados y esta asociado con una reducción de mortalidad por todas las causas, hasta la fecha, la literatura no ha valorado el REA en la población ciclista amateur y su asociación con la salud psicosocial (calidad de vida, calidad de sueño, ansiedad, etc.). Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue obtener la prevalencia de RAE en una muestra de ciclistas amateur, analizar su asociación con factores de riesgo y, valorar su influencia en parámetros asociados con la salud física y mental de ciclistas.ConclusionesLa prevalencia del REA en los ciclistas amateur es del 17%. La práctica del ciclismo de resistencia amateur tiene efectos beneficiosos para la salud. Los beneficios en la calidad del sueño y la salud mental están limitados en aproximadamente el 20% de sujetos con RAE. Nuestros resultados también sugieren que el RAE en ciclistas de resistencia amateur no se ve significativamente influenciado por factores extrínsecos como edad, sexo, factores sociodemográficos y entrenamiento, lo que sugiere que para diagnosticar con precisión y establecer el tratamiento apropiado, psicólogos deportivos clínicos deben centrar su atención en los factores intrínsecos en cada sujeto que puede inducir la AE.<br /

Embracing additive manufacture: implications for foot and ankle orthosis design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The design of foot and ankle orthoses is currently limited by the methods used to fabricate the devices, particularly in terms of geometric freedom and potential to include innovative new features. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, where objects are constructed via a series of sub-millimetre layers of a substrate material, may present the opportunity to overcome these limitations and allow novel devices to be produced that are highly personalised for the individual, both in terms of fit and functionality.</p> <p>Two novel devices, a foot orthosis (FO) designed to include adjustable elements to relieve pressure at the metatarsal heads, and an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) designed to have adjustable stiffness levels in the sagittal plane, were developed and fabricated using AM. The devices were then tested on a healthy participant to determine if the intended biomechanical modes of action were achieved.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The adjustable, pressure relieving FO was found to be able to significantly reduce pressure under the targeted metatarsal heads. The AFO was shown to have distinct effects on ankle kinematics which could be varied by adjusting the stiffness level of the device.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results presented here demonstrate the potential design freedom made available by AM, and suggest that it may allow novel personalised orthotic devices to be produced which are beyond the current state of the art.</p

Efecto de la interacción genotipo-medio ambiente en pollo de engorda comercial. l. Características productivas a la octava semana de edad (a)

Se evaluó la interacción genotipo medio ambiente en tres líneas de pollo de engorda comercial en cinco localidades, distribuidas en los Estados de Méxic

Adopting sustainability competence-based education in academic disciplines : Insights from 13 higher education institutions

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have been incorporating sustainability into education and curricula, where recent research has focussed on sustainability competences, pedagogical approaches, and how to connect them, generally on a single HEI. The process of integrating sustainability into education based on curricula assessment has been explained using adoption of innovations; and has the potential to explain the process of developing competences through pedagogical approaches. The aim of this paper is to investigate this process at academic discipline level. An online survey was developed to investigate teaching sustainability competences in 13 HEIs, from which 678 responses from educators were obtained. The competences and pedagogical approaches from the responses were ranked, and then the connections between the competences and pedagogical approaches per discipline were analysed using a correlations-based framework, from which three disciplines groups were created. The groups were categorised using diffusion of innovations theory, which indicated that some disciplines are more innovative than others in adopting sustainability competence-based teaching. The results are used to propose two frameworks to better understand the adoption of sustainability competence-based teaching: (a) the D-RAPID framework; and (b) the Disciplinary Multi-dimensional Sustainability Influence Change for Academia (D-MuSICA) memework. The adoption of sustainability competence-base education must expand from a single HEI perspective to a disciplinary collaborative one spanning many HEIs, where academic disciplines should learn from each other's insights and mistakes and provide students with more transdisciplinary skillsets to make societies more sustainable.Peer reviewe

Dissemination of Metarhizium anisopliae of low and high virulence by mating behavior in Aedes aegypti

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by <it>Aedes </it>mosquitoes. It is a threat for public health worldwide and its primary vector <it>Aedes aegypti </it>is becoming resistant to chemical insecticides. These factors have encouraged studies to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi against the vector. Here we evaluated mortality, infection, insemination and fecundity rates in <it>A. aegypti </it>females after infection by autodissemination with two Mexican strains of <it>Metarhizium anisopliae</it>.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two <it>M. anisopliae </it>strains were tested: The Ma-CBG-1 least virulent (lv), and the Ma-CBG-2 highly virulent (hv) strain. The lv was tested as non mosquito-passed (NMP), and mosquito-passed (MP), while the hv was examined only as MP version, therefore including the control four treatments were used. In the first bioassay virulence of fungal strains towards female mosquitoes was determined by indirect exposure for 48 hours to conidia-impregnated paper. In the second bioassay autodissemination of fungal conidia from fungus-contaminated males to females was evaluated. Daily mortality allowed computation of survival curves and calculation of the LT₅₀by the Kaplan-Meier model. All combinations of fungal sporulation and mating insemination across the four treatments were analyzed by χ². The mean fecundity was analyzed by ANOVA and means contrasted with the Ryan test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Indirect exposure to conidia allowed a faster rate of mortality, but exposure to a fungal-contaminated male was also an effective method of infecting female mosquitoes. All females confined with the hv strain-contaminated male died in fifteen days with a LT₅₀of 7.57 (± 0.45) where the control was 24.82 (± 0.92). For the lv strain, it was possible to increase fungal virulence by passing the strain through mosquitoes. 85% of females exposed to hv-contaminated males became infected and of them just 10% were inseminated; control insemination was 46%. The hv strain reduced fecundity by up to 99%, and the lv strain caused a 40% reduction in fecundity.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The hv isolate infringed a high mortality, allowed a low rate of insemination, and reduced fecundity to nearly zero in females confined with a fungus-contaminated male. This pathogenic impact exerted through sexual transmission makes the hv strain of <it>M. anisopliae </it>worthy of further research.</p