Intelligent Control For Locating Fault in Transmission Lines

This paper presents a new approach for locating fault in transmission line using intelligent control relaying. Fault must be detected at its inception by issuing an output signal indicating this condition. Neural network approach for locating fault can be posed as a pattern-recognition to recognize pure sinusoidal signals as indicators of a normal system condition; abrupt changes of amplitude, phase, or the presence of transient components as indicators of fault. This method uses the fundamental frequency components of voltage and current basically current at pre-fault and post fault condition, measured at each phase from any one end of the selected power system. In this approach the data sets were trained using the available data from the system which comprises of different fault types data, and fault inception angles. This approach of locating fault using intelligent control can be used for supporting a new generation of very high speed protective relaying system

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Conversion Discriminative Analysis on Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Multiple Cortical Features from MR Images

Neuroimaging measurements derived from magnetic resonance imaging provide important information required for detecting changes related to the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cortical features and changes play a crucial role in revealing unique anatomical patterns of brain regions, and further differentiate MCI patients from normal states. Four cortical features, namely, gray matter volume, cortical thickness, surface area, and mean curvature, were explored for discriminative analysis among three groups including the stable MCI (sMCI), the converted MCI (cMCI), and the normal control (NC) groups. In this study, 158 subjects (72 NC, 46 sMCI, and 40 cMCI) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. A sparse-constrained regression model based on the l2-1-norm was introduced to reduce the feature dimensionality and retrieve essential features for the discrimination of the three groups by using a support vector machine (SVM). An optimized strategy of feature addition based on the weight of each feature was adopted for the SVM classifier in order to achieve the best classification performance. The baseline cortical features combined with the longitudinal measurements for 2 years of follow-up data yielded prominent classification results. In particular, the cortical thickness produced a classification with 98.84% accuracy, 97.5% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for the sMCI–cMCI comparison; 92.37% accuracy, 84.78% sensitivity, and 97.22% specificity for the cMCI–NC comparison; and 93.75% accuracy, 92.5% sensitivity, and 94.44% specificity for the sMCI–NC comparison. The best performances obtained by the SVM classifier using the essential features were 5–40% more than those using all of the retained features. The feasibility of the cortical features for the recognition of anatomical patterns was certified; thus, the proposed method has the potential to improve the clinical diagnosis of sub-types of MCI and predict the risk of its conversion to Alzheimer's disease

Quantitative 18F-AV1451 Brain Tau PET Imaging in Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Recent developments of tau Positron Emission Tomography (PET) allows assessment of regional neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) deposition in human brain. Among the tau PET molecular probes, 18F-AV1451 is characterized by high selectivity for pathologic tau aggregates over amyloid plaques, limited non-specific binding in white and gray matter, and confined off-target binding. The objectives of the study are (1) to quantitatively characterize regional brain tau deposition measured by 18F-AV1451 PET in cognitively normal older adults (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD participants; (2) to evaluate the correlations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and 18F-AV1451 PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR); and (3) to evaluate the partial volume effects on 18F-AV1451 brain uptake.Methods: The study included total 115 participants (CN = 49, MCI = 58, and AD = 8) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Preprocessed 18F-AV1451 PET images, structural MRIs, and demographic and clinical assessments were downloaded from the ADNI database. A reblurred Van Cittertiteration method was used for voxelwise partial volume correction (PVC) on PET images. Structural MRIs were used for PET spatial normalization and region of interest (ROI) definition in standard space. The parametric images of 18F-AV1451 SUVR relative to cerebellum were calculated. The ROI SUVR measurements from PVC and non-PVC SUVR images were compared. The correlation between ROI 18F-AV1451 SUVR and the measurements of MMSE, CSF total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were also assessed.Results:18F-AV1451 prominently specific binding was found in the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, fusiform, posterior cingulate, temporal, parietal, and frontal brain regions. Most regional SUVRs showed significantly higher uptake of 18F-AV1451 in AD than MCI and CN participants. SUVRs of small regions like amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus were statistically improved by PVC in all groups (p < 0.01). Although there was an increasing tendency of 18F-AV-1451 SUVRs in MCI group compared with CN group, no significant difference of 18F-AV1451 deposition was found between CN and MCI brains with or without PVC (p > 0.05). Declined MMSE score was observed with increasing 18F-AV1451 binding in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, and fusiform. CSF p-tau was positively correlated with 18F-AV1451 deposition. PVC improved the results of 18F-AV-1451 tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions.Conclusion: The typical deposition of 18F-AV1451 tau PET imaging in AD brain was found in amygdala, entorhinal cortex, fusiform and parahippocampus, and these regions were strongly associated with cognitive impairment and CSF biomarkers. Although more deposition was observed in MCI group, the 18F-AV-1451 PET imaging could not differentiate the MCI patients from CN population. More tau deposition related to decreased MMSE score and increased level of CSF p-tau, especially in ROIs of amygdala, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus. PVC did improve the results of tau deposition and correlation studies in small brain regions and suggest to be routinely used in 18F-AV1451 tau PET quantification

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Not AvailableHead loading method of manually carrying fodder and fuel, crops, vegetables, water, sand and other building material etc., is one of the several issues of gender and material handling in developing countries like India especially in rural life. The significant implications of this method are musculoskeletal pains and fatigue. Families at the subsistence level do not have an alternative method or means of carrying these loads and therefore it is a common sight in all aspects of working in rural areas. A scope for integrating participatory intervention approach to fabricate, evaluate and modify the Head Load Manager for rural women was identified based on the concept of Head harness introduced by kumar et al. (2004). Accordingly a head load manager was fabricated with features easy to wear; straps provided to fix the frame in place and were evaluated. The users’ semantics and visual expression on its design, physiological load, Rating on perceived exertion, and satisfaction were the parameters in this study. The study was conducted at the farm yards, market yards and construction sites and 30 users equally represented by women and men were consisted of the sample. The salient subjective responses indicated the need for head load manager revision for reducing its weight and improving stability. Therefore, in the second phase, the head load manager -2 was fabricated and evaluated. The head load manager-2 showed a reduction in physiological load, improvement in postures while carrying loads, reduction in musculo skeletal problems.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of seed placement tube for cotton dibbling over conventional method with six women subjects as users of technology. Variables observed were physical characteristics, time for area covered while dibbling, postural analysis as per OWAS, RULA, postural shifts, its duration and repetitive strain index. Results revealed that the use of seed placement tube could save about 24 minutes and one could cover an additional area of 176sq.m over manual hand dibbling method. OWAS score and the trunk flexion in conventional dibbling indicated the immediate need for postural correction which is extreme range of motion with high frequency. Seed placement tube reduced the repetitive strain and postural deviations over conventional method of dibbling and thus reduced drudgery of women.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe purpose of the study is to examine the physical fitness obtained as per heart rate variable on step stool exercise to heart rate obtained while doing transplantation activity. A field study was undertaken on 20 subjects drawn equally from two age group of farm women i.e., 20-30 yrs and 31-40 yrs. Physical fitness and physiological work load was assessed by using step stool exercise method and when the women were working in transplantation activity using time and heart rate as variables. Results indicated that the subjects were having poor physical fitness and showed vulnerability of the subjects to disease and impairment due to workloads. The transplantation activity warranted above 60% of time spent at and above target zones compared to physical fitness exercise leading to conclude that work load in transplantation is more than the endurance level of physical fitness.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe manual hand operated multipurpose decorticator developed by ANGRAU was tested for castor decortications to study the physiological work load and muscular stresses. Results revealed significant reduction in physiological work load and muscular stresses when decorticator was used compared to hand beating the castor pods. A 33 percent reduction in time was also observed when decorticator was used over manual method which was significant.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndian Agriculture today faces many challenges and its further egravated by the exteram weather variations. majority of the farmers are small and marginal land owners who are resource poor. they are most effected due to their low adaptive capacity, lack of technical knowledge and risk taking ability, In view of present perspective research paper traces the various measures from the literature review which would increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of the small land holders.It further proved to the inside to the stake holders connected with agrarian communities in retaining to the small and marginal farmers , especially young framers in agriculture.Not Availabl