544 research outputs found
Clinical and service implications of a cognitive analytic therapy model of psychosis
Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is an integrative, interpersonal model of therapy predicated on a radically social concept of self, developed over recent years in the UK by Anthony Ryle. A CAT-based model of psychotic disorder has been developed much more recently based on encouraging early experience in this area. The model describes and accounts for many psychotic experiences and symptoms in terms of distorted, amplified or muddled enactments of normal or âneuroticâ reciprocal role procedures (RRPs) and of damage at a meta-procedural level to the structures of the self.
Reciprocal role procedures are understood in CAT to represent the outcome of the process of internalization of early, sign-mediated, interpersonal experience and to constitute the basis for all mental activity, normal or otherwise. Enactments of maladaptive RRPs generated by early interpersonal stress are seen in this model to constitute a form of âinternal expressed emotionâ. Joint description of these RRPs and their enactments (both internally and externally) and their subsequent revision is central to the practice of CAT during which they are mapped out through written and diagrammatic reformulations.
This model may usefully complement and extend existing approaches, notably recent CBT-based interventions, particularly with âdifficultâ patients, and generate meaningful and helpful understandings of these disorders for both patients and their treating teams. We suggest that use of a coherent and robust model such as CAT could have important clinical and service implications in terms of developing and researching models of these disorders as well as for the training of multidisciplinary teams in their effective treatment
Generalized methods and solvers for noise removal from piecewise constant signals. I. Background theory
Removing noise from piecewise constant (PWC) signals is a challenging signal processing problem arising in many practical contexts. For example, in exploration geosciences, noisy drill hole records need to be separated into stratigraphic zones, and in biophysics, jumps between molecular dwell states have to be extracted from noisy fluorescence microscopy signals. Many PWC denoising methods exist, including total variation regularization, mean shift clustering, stepwise jump placement, running medians, convex clustering shrinkage and bilateral filtering; conventional linear signal processing methods are fundamentally unsuited. This paper (part I, the first of two) shows that most of these methods are associated with a special case of a generalized functional, minimized to achieve PWC denoising. The minimizer can be obtained by diverse solver algorithms, including stepwise jump placement, convex programming, finite differences, iterated running medians, least angle regression, regularization path following and coordinate descent. In the second paper, part II, we introduce novel PWC denoising methods, and comparisons between these methods performed on synthetic and real signals, showing that the new understanding of the problem gained in part I leads to new methods that have a useful role to play
Automated diffeomorphic registration of anatomical structures with rigid parts: application to dynamic cervical MRI.
International audienceWe propose an iterative two-step method to compute a diffeomorphic non-rigid transformation between images of anatomical structures with rigid parts, without any user intervention or prior knowledge on the image intensities. First we compute spatially sparse, locally optimal rigid transformations between the two images using a new block matching strategy and an efficient numerical optimiser (BOBYQA). Then we derive a dense, regularised velocity field based on these local transformations using matrix logarithms and M-smoothing. These two steps are iterated until convergence and the final diffeomorphic transformation is defined as the exponential of the accumulated velocity field. We show our algorithm to outperform the state-of-the-art log-domain diffeomorphic demons method on dynamic cervical MRI data
Search for new resonant states in 10C and 11C and their impact on the cosmological lithium problem
The observed primordial 7Li abundance in metal-poor halo stars is found to be
lower than its Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) calculated value by a factor of
approximately three. Some recent works suggested the possibility that this
discrepancy originates from missing resonant reactions which would destroy the
7Be, parent of 7Li. The most promising candidate resonances which were found
include a possibly missed 1- or 2- narrow state around 15 MeV in the compound
nucleus 10C formed by 7Be+3He and a state close to 7.8 MeV in the compound
nucleus 11C formed by 7Be+4He. In this work, we studied the high excitation
energy region of 10C and the low excitation energy region in 11C via the
reactions 10B(3He,t)10C and 11B(3He,t)11C, respectively, at the incident energy
of 35 MeV. Our results for 10C do not support 7Be+3He as a possible solution
for the 7Li problem. Concerning 11C results, the data show no new resonances in
the excitation energy region of interest and this excludes 7Be+4He reaction
channel as an explanation for the 7Li deficit.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C (Rapid Communication
Discovery potential of top-partners in a realistic composite Higgs model with early LHC data
Composite Higgs models provide a natural, non-supersymmetric solution to the
hierarchy problem. In these models, one or more sets of heavy top-partners are
typically introduced. Some of these new quarks can be relatively light, with a
mass of a few hundred GeV, and could be observed with the early LHC collision
data expected to be collected during 2010. We analyse in detail the collider
signatures that these new quarks can produce. We show that final states with
two (same-sign) or three leptons are the most promising discovery channels.
They can yield a 5 sigma excess over the Standard Model expectation already
with the 2010 LHC collision data. Exotic quarks of charge 5/3 are a distinctive
feature of this model. We present a new method to reconstruct their masses from
their leptonic decay without relying on jets in the final state.Comment: 28 pages 11 Figures 7 Tables, minor changes, added references,
matches published versio
Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in Si
The energies of the excited states in very neutron-rich Si and
P have been measured using in-beam -ray spectroscopy from the
fragmentation of secondary beams of S at 39 A.MeV. The low 2
energy of Si, 770(19) keV, together with the level schemes of
P provide evidence for the disappearance of the Z=14 and N=28
spherical shell closures, which is ascribed mainly to the action of
proton-neutron tensor forces. New shell model calculations indicate that
Si is best described as a well deformed oblate rotor.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. let
Universal prevention of depression in women postnatally: cluster randomized trial evidence in primary care
BackgroundTo test whether receiving care from a health visitor (HV) trained in identification and psychological intervention methods prevents depression 6â18 months postnatally in women who are not depressed 6 weeks postnatally.MethodThe study was a prospective cluster trial, randomized by GP practice, with follow-up for 18 months in 101 primary care teams in the Trent area of England. The participants were women scoring <12 on the postal Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at 6 weeks postnatally (1474 intervention and 767 control women). Intervention HVs (n=89, 63 clusters) were trained in identifying depressive symptoms using the EPDS and face-to-face clinical assessment and in providing psychologically orientated sessions based on cognitive behavioral or person-centered principles. The control group comprised HVs (n=49, 37 clusters) providing care as usual (CAU). The primary outcome measure was the proportion of women scoring â©Ÿ12 on the EPDS at 6 months postnatally. Secondary outcomes were mean EPDS score, Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation â Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) score, StateâTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF) scores at 6, 12 and 18 months.ResultsAfter adjusting for individual-level covariates, living alone, previous postnatal depression (PND), the presence of one or more adverse life events and the 6-week EPDS score, the odds ratio (OR) for EPDS â©Ÿ12 at 6 months was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53â0.97, p=0.031] for the intervention group (IG) women compared with the control (CAU) group women. Two subgroups were formed by baseline severity: a âsubthresholdâ subgroup with a 6-week EPDS score of 6â11 (n=999) and a âlowest severityâ subgroup with a 6-week EPDS score of 0â5 (n=1242). There was no difference in psychological effectiveness by subgroup (interaction term: z=â0.28, p=0.782).ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence of a universal, enduring preventive effect for depression in women who screen negative for depression postnatally.</jats:sec
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