Combining energy efficiency measure approaches and occupancy patterns in building modelling in the UK residential context

The UK faces a significant retrofit challenge, especially with its housing stock of old, hard-to-treat solid walled dwellings. In this work, we investigate the delivery of heated thermal comfort with a lower energy demand through four types of energy efficiency interventions: passive system, conversion device, method of service control, and level of service demanded. These are compared for three distinct household occupancy patterns, corresponding to a working family, a working couple and a daytime-present couple. Energy efficiency measures are considered singly and in combination, to study whether multiple lower cost measures can achieve comparable savings to higher cost individual measures. Scenarios are simulated using engineering building modelling software TRNSYS with data taken from literature. Upgraded insulation of wall and roof resulted in highest savings in all occupancy scenarios, but comparable savings were calculated for reduced internal temperature and partial spatial heating in scenarios in which the house is not at maximum capacity. Zonal heating control is expected to achieve greatest savings for the working couple who had a flexible occupancy pattern. The results from this modelling work show the extent to which energy consumption depends on the appropriate matching between energy efficiency measures and occupant type

A Task-Based Language Teaching Approach in Teaching Esp

In the article the general overview of the popularity of EFL for university and college students in Lithuania is discussed paying attention to the peculiarities of teaching and learning English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at Klaipeda State College and also the strategies of enhancing the communicative competence or ability to communicate both spoken or written language and developing four language skills. The article deals with EFL status in the present labour market in Lithuania as well as the problems the English language teachers and students face and gives the reasons for the need of applying task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach used in teaching ESP for students of higher educational institutions

Complex analysis of energy efficiency of public buildings: case study of VGTU

The purpose of this work was to make analysis of energy efficiency of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) buildings. The survey was performed within the frame of the Intelligent Energy – Europe (IEE) project “Use Efficiency” – Universities and Students for Energy Efficiency.The methodology of the detailed auditing proves that energy audits must be performed with the maximum use of measurements. When having main parameters measured, it is much exact and easier to form energy balance of the building.It has been inferred that performing detailed energy audits with the support of measurements enable to asses building’s present energy efficiency very precise and consequently savings, related to the proposed energy saving measures, can be assessed more realistic than just analytical calculations.The analysis performed consists of 2 levels: the 1st and the 2nd level audits. During the 1st level audits, according to the operational energy, critical buildings were identified. The 2nd level audits contain a detailed analysis of the energy efficiency of the buildings and are based on different measurements and analytical calculations (performed according to the national methodology). This analysis could be a guideline for others performing this type of investigations