Local P-shtukas and their relation to global G-shtukas

This is the first in a sequence of two articles investigating moduli stacks of global G-shtukas, which are function field analogs for Shimura varieties. Here G is a flat affine group scheme of finite type over a smooth projective curve, and global G-shtukas are generalizations of Drinfeld shtukas and analogs of abelian varieties with additional structure. Our moduli stacks generalize various moduli spaces used by different authors to prove instances of the Langlands program over function fields. In the present article we explain the relation between global G-shtukas and local P-shtukas, which are the function field analogs of p-divisible groups with additional structure. We prove the analog of a theorem of Serre and Tate stating the equivalence between the deformations of a global G-shtuka and its associated local P-shtukas. We also investigate local P-shtukas alone and explain their relation with Galois representations through their Tate modules. And if P is a smooth affine group scheme with connected reductive generic fiber we prove the existence of Rapoport--Zink spaces for bounded local P-shtukas as formal schemes locally formally of finite type. In the sequel to this article we use these Rapoport--Zink spaces to uniformize the moduli stacks of global G-shtukas.Comment: 37 pages, v3: generalization to flat affine group schemes of finite type, v3: final version which appears in Muenster J. of Mathematic

Feeling Safe in Urban Estates: Learning from Riverwood, Sydney

Feeling safe is a necessity for quality of life. Conversely, feeling unsafe has a substantial impact on residents’ quality of life. How does design impact on the perception of safety, and moreover, how can design reduce incidences of crime? Safety is influenced by many social, economic, and wellbeing factors that affect residents’ experiences of their built environments. Neighbourhood and urban design – which are liable to be affected by the perceived quality of local spaces – are likely to be significant factors influencing broader residents’ feelings of safety. To these ends, this paper reviews recent literature on how design processes have influenced perceived and actual safety in public spaces. This paper focuses on different aspects of urban safety, including planning, management, and design in a mix-tenure neighbourhood. The paper selected Riverwood, a social housing renewal neighbourhood located in southwest Sydney, as the study area. Data collection methods used by the author for this paper include direct-observation and a cross-sectional survey of 62 households, aimed at shedding light on what are residents' preferences to improve safety perception in public spaces. The paper finds that, for greater safety of neighbourhoods in urban estates, design approaches need toconsider both physical and social-cultural factors; and that to achieve this, practical and realistic mechanisms are required to improve existing estates and to design future estates better. The findings of the study reveal that, addressing the concerns revolving around the trust-deficit in the community, will be the cornerstone to promote residents feeling of safety

Public perception of campus security issues at institutions of higher education in United States

Campus safety issues have become a growing epidemic in United States. Several factors for instance active shooter incidents across United States may have created a negative correlation between parental/public perception and campus safety. Social amplification or attenuation of risk (SAAR), the theoretical framework for this research study, may play an influential role in swaying public opinion about campus safety and institutional selection process. This dissertation utilized the SPELIT Power Matrix needs assessment model, SAAR theoretical framework, and servant leadership model to determine which sources of information and what factors are influential in the decision-making process for selecting an IHE. This study used social media to reach out to millions of people anonymously to seek individual opinions and collect data to further analyze which factors and influences can affect decision making outcomes. The researcher offers one potential researched-based solution, the security awareness foundation etiquette (SAFE) card, which can guide college bound prospective students elevate their awareness and make more informed decisions. The researcher used Wilcoxon matched pairs tests to compare the mean score of college decision factors to determine which college decision factors were most significant. The following college decisions factors were significant sorted by highest mean score: campus safety (M = 4.43), Major (M = 4.41), program (M = 4.39), and cost (M = 4.27). The following information sources were significant, sorted by highest mean score: campus visit (M = 4.33), opinion of graduates (M =3.92), ratings given by impartial organizations such as US News and World Report (M = 3.68), and counselor recommendation (M = 3.54). When college decision factors and information sources were compared, a significant relationship was discovered between social media as an information source and campus safety as a college decision factor, with a correlation coefficient of r = .29. IHEs generally avoid displaying campus safety issues or negative news, therefore most and perhaps not all IHEs appear to have a safe campus. The theoretical framework for this study suggests that by omitting such facts as campus safety, social attenuation of risk may be affecting college bound prospective students’ and respective parents’ decision-making outcomes